21st Century Literature Of the Philippines and the World

1st Quarter; 1st Semester

C. 𝐑𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐁𝐮𝐠𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐠
This is a game in a form of mystifying question and a mind puzzle intended
to be solved.

𝐏𝐑𝐄-𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐒𝐄
A. 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐜
This is a long narrative poem about quests and exciting adventures of a
hero with unusual strength and power.
B. 𝐌𝐲𝐭𝐡
Story of gods and goddesses told using a traditional language explaining
mysteries, beliefs and cultural practices.
C. 𝐅𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐬
Stories intended to teach human values with animals as major characters
attributing human qualities.
Lesson 1: Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine D. 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬
Literary History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary Stories explaining origins handed down from the past and passed through
different generations. Belief and not proven scientifically.
𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞
E. 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐤 𝐓𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬
from the Latin word ‘Littera’ which means ‘letter of the alphabet’ or in plural
Imaginative narrative story told by ancient group of people.
‘Litterae’ , meaning ‘letters’.

2. 𝕊ℙ𝔸ℕ𝕀𝕊ℍ ℂ𝕆𝕃𝕆ℕ𝕀𝔸𝕃 𝔼ℝ𝔸 𝙿𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝙴𝚗𝚕𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 (1972-

1898)
-During this period Filipino writers started to write articles about the
𝚖𝚎𝚐𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚎𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎
𝚌𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚢.
-Literary works during this era follow a universal theme of 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 and
𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞𝐬.

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐀𝐆𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐀 𝐌𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓 (1872-1896)

This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class
like:
Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
1. ℙℝ𝔼-ℂ𝕆𝕃𝕆ℕ𝕀𝔸𝕃 𝔼ℝ𝔸 (𝚙𝚛𝚎-𝚜𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚑 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎)
𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 among the other periods. 𝐑𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐀𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡
Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by ROMAN ALPHABETH.
𝐎𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐋𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 marks the birth of literature in the Philippines. Different
stories of myths, folks and narratives meant to be sung were passed hand 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐚 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐚
in handorally. 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬.
-Oral literature serves to be their 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚕𝚒𝚏𝚎 and 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚒𝚛 𝚠𝚊𝚢 It was a 𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫𝐬 written in Spanish translated in Tagalog.
𝚘𝚏 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚊𝚕 𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚊𝚐𝚎.
𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐄𝐕𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐒
𝐒𝐲𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐚𝐫𝐲 • Philippine Christianization
It is consisted ofseventeen symbols, or which three were vowels standing • Spanish language was being taught to Filipinos.
for the present five vowels and fourteen consonants. • The natives were called “𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐬” and the native literary writers were called
ALIBATA “𝐋𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐬.”

𝐏𝐑𝐄-𝐒𝐏𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 - 𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐀𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐊𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐀𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐎 𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐀𝐔𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐑𝐒

is characterized by: Their main goal is for the Spain to grant assimilation in the Philippines and
a. 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐤 𝐓𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐬 recognize it as one of their provinces.
stories about life,adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can derive
lessons. 1. 𝐃𝐫. 𝐉𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐑𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐥
b. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐠𝐞 𝐍𝐨𝐥𝐢 𝐦𝐞 𝐓𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐞 Touch Me Not
long narrative poems in which aseries of heroic achievements or events, - “𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚔 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚑𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚝”. It was a story of love and aspirations of a
usually of a hero, are dealt with at length. Filipino.
c. 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐤 𝐒𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐬 -The setting of the novel reflects the current situation of the Philippines
These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in during the administration of Spaniards.
the pre-Spanish [Link] songs mirrored the early forms of culture. - The characters reflect the dominance of Spanish government towards
Filipino people.
𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐞-𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐫𝐚 (Poetry and Prose) 𝐄𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐦𝐨 The Traitor
𝐏𝐑𝐄-𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐄𝐓𝐑𝐘 - “𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚔 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚍work ”. It was a story of love and aspirations of a
A. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐰𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐢𝐧 Filipino.
These are 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡 and 𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐞 sayings express in a language that is popularly -Through this novel, Rizal predicted a revolution between Filipinos and
known. These are often called 𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚠𝚒𝚜𝚍𝚘𝚖𝚜 which is Spaniards.
based on common sense and real life experiences.
B. 𝐓𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐚 other works:
A poem in quatrain containing seven syllables each line with a monoline. 𝐌𝐢 𝐔𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐨 𝐀𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐬 (My Last Farewell)
𝐒𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐋𝐚 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐬 𝐅𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐬 (On the Indolence of the Filipinos)
2. 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐨 𝐋𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐳 𝐉𝐚𝐞𝐧𝐚 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬:
-Known to be highly intelligent man of his age. He took writing seriously at -American language as the international language and L2 for the
an early age in life. Philippines.
-The use of 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐚𝐥𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 in education system.
𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐲 𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐝 Big-Bellied Man -𝙵𝚛𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚘𝚖 𝚘𝚏 𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗for Filipino writers arewidely observed.
- The character of the protagonist symbolizes the abusive traitsand - Literary themes focusedon 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐦 and 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞.
immorality of the Spanish friars. - Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like 𝐧𝐞𝐰𝐬, 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐩𝐨𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐲,
𝐋𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝 The Solidarity 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐲𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐬. Theirwritings clearly depicted their love of
-He was the first editor of the official newspaper of the Propaganda country and their longings for independence.
Movement.
- It supported the relatively liberal views of the Filipino Propaganda 𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓 𝐃𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐂𝐂𝐔𝐏𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄
Movement, which sought reform in the Spanish colony of the Philippines. 𝐏𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐒 (newspaper, plays, group of writers)

𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐒𝐏𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐑
1. 𝐄𝐥 𝐆𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐨 𝐃𝐞𝐥 𝐏𝐮𝐞𝐛𝐥𝐨 (The Call of the Nation).
Established by 𝚂𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚘 𝙾𝚜𝚖𝚎𝚗̃𝚊 in 1900. The American censors
twicebanned this and threatened Osmeña with banishment because of
hisnationalistic writings.
2. 𝐄𝐥 𝐍𝐮𝐞𝐯𝐨 𝐃𝐢𝐚 (The New Day).
Established by 𝙿𝚊𝚜𝚌𝚞𝚊𝚕 𝙿𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚝𝚎 in 1900.
3. 𝐄𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐨 (The Rebirth).
Founded by 𝚁𝚊𝚏𝚊𝚎𝚕 𝙿𝚊𝚕𝚖𝚊 in 1901.

𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐘𝐒
𝐊𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐨𝐧, 𝐍𝐠𝐚𝐲𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 𝐁𝐮𝐤𝐚𝐬 (Yesterday, Today andTomorrow). Written by
𝙰𝚞𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚒𝚘 𝚃𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚘
𝐓𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐤𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐆𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 of 𝙹𝚞𝚊𝚗 𝙰𝚋𝚊𝚍
Pedro Paterno, Antonio María Regidor, Isabelo de los Reyes, Eduardo 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐚 by 𝐓𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨
de Lete, José Alejandrino, Juan Luna, Tomás Arejola, Felix 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐮𝐠𝐚𝐭 by 𝚂𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚗𝚘 𝚁𝚎𝚢𝚎𝚜
Resurrección Hidalgo, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Pablo Rianzares Bautista,
Dámaso Ponce, and Galicano Apacible. 𝐆𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐏 𝐎𝐅 𝐖𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐒
A. LITERATURE IN SPANISH
his other works: The inspiration of our Filipino writers in Spanish was Rizal not only
𝐋𝐚 𝐇𝐢𝐣𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐥 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐞 (The Child of the Friar) because of his being a national leader but also because of hisnovels NOLI
𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐬 𝐇𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐆 (Everything is mere show) and FILI. These two novels contained the bestqualities of a novel ever
𝐒𝐚 𝐌𝐠𝐚 𝐏𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐨...1891) written, in English or in Filipino.
𝐓𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐨𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐚𝐠𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐚 𝐊𝐚𝐲 𝐊𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐮𝐬 (An Oration to Commemorate
Columbus) Those who were inspired to write in praise of him were:
Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus Balmori, Manuel
3. 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐨 𝐇. 𝐃𝐞𝐥 𝐏𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐫 Bernabe, and Claro M. Recto
𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐠
Del Pilar, together with 𝙱𝚊𝚜𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚘 𝚃𝚎𝚘𝚍𝚘𝚛𝚘 𝙼𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚗 and 𝙿𝚊𝚜𝚌𝚞𝚊𝚕 𝙷. 𝐂𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐨 𝐀𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐥
𝙿𝚘𝚋𝚕𝚎𝚝𝚎, founded the short-lived Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog He wrote poems dedicated to Rizal, Jacinto, Mabini and all other heroes
Newspaper) in 1882. but his poem dedicated to Rizal is considered the best
poem in praise of the hero of Bagumbayan.
his other artwork:
𝐏𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐠 𝐬𝐚 𝐓𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐛𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐯 𝐋𝐮𝐩𝐚 (Love of Country) 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨 𝐌𝐚. 𝐆𝐮𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐫𝐨
𝐊𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐭 𝐊𝐚𝐲𝐨 (Be Careful) It is believed that Fernando Ma. Guerrero shared with Apostol the reign in
𝐃𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐠 𝐓𝐨𝐜𝐬𝐨𝐡𝐚𝐧 (Prayers and Jokes) the balagtasan in Spanish during their time. He also dedicated a poem to
Rizal but he collected the best of his poems in a book called 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐬,
4. 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐳𝐚𝐫 meaning, 𝚊 𝚔𝚒𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚋𝚕𝚊𝚌𝚔, 𝚠𝚘𝚘𝚕𝚢 𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚙𝚒𝚕𝚕𝚊𝚛
He is fondly called as Balagtas a genius writer of Tagalog poetry. He is
widely considered one of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his B. LITERATURE IN FILIPINO
impact onFilipino literature. 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐋𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐚 of 𝙵𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚒𝚜𝚌𝚘 𝙱𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚐𝚝𝚊𝚜 and 𝐔𝐫𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐚 𝐚𝐭 𝐅𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐚 of
𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐋𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐚 𝙼𝚘𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝙲𝚊𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚘 became the inspirationof the Tagalog writers.
The setting of the story reflected the tyranny of theSpaniards during
Spanish-Colonization era. THREE KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS
By Julian Cruz Balmaced (Poets of hearts, Poets of life, Poets of the stage)

𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭
3. 𝕋ℍ𝔼 𝔸𝕄𝔼ℝ𝕀ℂ𝔸ℕ ℝ𝔼𝔾𝕀𝕄𝔼 𝙰𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚗-𝙲𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚣𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝙴𝚛𝚊 Lope K. Santos
(1898-1944) Iñigo Ed. Regalado
During the colonization of the Americans, Carlos Gatmaitan
Filipino writer greatly enjoyed the 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 . This period Pedro Deogracias del Rosario
remarked the vibrant well-spring of some nationalistic plays with Ildefonso Santos
themes such as 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞. Amado V. Hernandez
Nemecio Carabana
𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬:
-Implementation of 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐥 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦. 𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞
-Arrival of 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬 as first. Lope K Santos
formal teachers in the Philippines Jose Corazon de Jesus
Representative Texts and Authors from Different Regions of the REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
Country 'ALICE TAN - GONZALEZ'
❑ She writes poetry, drama and fiction in Hiligaynon, and herarea
REGION I – ILOCOS REGION of study includes
'PEDRO BUKANEG' Hiligaynon folk literature.
❑ Blind since childhood. ❑ was awarded the Carlos Palanca Hall of Fame for Literature in
❑ The first known Ilokano poet. 2014 for winning five first places in the Hiligaynon Category of
❑ The "Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature. Maikling Kuwento.
❑ “ Authored the popular epic known as Biag ni Lam-ang.
REGIONVIICENTRAL VISAYAS
'F. SIONIL JOSE' 'MARCEL M. NAVARRA'
❑ One of the most widely read Filipino writers in English, ❑ Known as “The Father of Modern Cebuano Literature.”
❑ wrote the short story "Waywaya, " which is about pre-Hispanic ❑ He was born in Tuyom, Carcar. He spent most of his life writing
society and the people’s struggle formoral order. almost 80 short stories which were published in Cebuano
magazines; namely, Bisaya, Alimyon and Bulak.
REGION II – CAGAYAN VALLEY
'FLORENTINO HORENDO' REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
❑ Professor, cultural studies pioneer and expert in Ivatan culture. 'ILUMINADO LUCENTE'
❑ Known for his studies on Philippine ethnic traditions, pre-colonial ❑ He is a Filipino writer primarily writing poetry and drama in the
and colonial history Waray language.
and contemporary society. ❑ He is considered by many as the
❑ He was a prolific writer, researcher and author of journal greatest writer in the Waray
articles, monographs and books. language.

CORDILLERAADMINISTRATIVEREGION (CAR) REGION IX – ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA

'ANDRES BONIFACIO' 'EMIGDIO ALVAREZ ENRIQUEZ'
❑ A Filipino revolutionary hero, founded the Katipunan, a secret ❑ He started writing atthe age of 20. He is a novelist, story
society which spearheaded the uprising against the Spanish and writer,and play wright.
laid the groundwork for the first Philippine Republic.
REGION X – NORTHERN MINDANAO
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON 'REGINO L. GONZALES JR.'
'FRANCISCO BALTAZAR' ❑ Published famous stories like short stories The Battle at
❑ A prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered one of the Tagoloan, Dusk in Capillahan, The Cemetery Keeper and A Day in
greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino the Lives of Coal Miners.
literature.
❑ The famous epic, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining REGION XI – DAVAO REGION
work. 'AIDA RIVERA -FORO'
❑ Balagtas wrote the epic during his imprisonment. ❑ She became the editor of the first two issues of Sands and
❑ He dedicated it to his sweetheart Coral, the literary magazine of Silliman University.
❑ Famous Literary Works: “Love in
REGION IV -A CALABARZON the Cornhusks” and “The
'JOSE RIZAL' Chieftest Mourner.”
❑Rizal was a prolific writer and was anti-violence. He ratherfights
using his pen than his might. REGION XII – SOCCSKSARGEN
❑Rizal's two books "Noli Me Tangere" which he wrote while he 'BARTOLOME DEL VALLE'
was in Berlin, Germany in 1887 and El Filibusterismo in Ghent, ❑ A Filipino writer known fortranslating the epic “Indarapatraat
Belgium in 1891 Sulayman.”
❑ He is also the author of famousliterary works like Ang
REGION IV -B – MIMAROPA Demokrasya, Kung Buhay pa si Rizal, Ang Kapangyarihan ng
'NESTOR VICENTE MADALI“NVM” GONZALES' Edukasyon, Ang Bantayog, and Panawagan sa Kabataan.
❑ Better known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, fictionist, essayist, poet, and
teacher, articulated the Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes.
❑ Among the many recognitions, he won the First Commonwealth
Literary Contest in 1940, received the Republic Cultural Heritage
Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990.

REGION V – BICOL REGION

'POTENCIANO GREGORIO SR.'
❑ A Bicolano musician. Hewas the composer of Sarung Banggi
(One Evening), the most famous song in the Bikol language.
Literary Genres: Poetry & Prose

POETRY
It is a literary work in which special intensity is given to the
expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and
rhythm.

TYPES OF POETRY

A) LYRIC POETRY
-This is a kind of poetrywhich expresses emotions,mood, and
reflection of the musical language of thepoet.

TYPES OF LYRIC POETRY

A) I. SONNET
• The name sonnet derives fromItalian word “sonneto” which
meanslittle song.
• It is a relatively short poemconsisting of merely fourteen lines.
A) II. ELEGY TYPES OF NARRATIVE POETRY
• This is a lyric poem which expresses lament and mourning of the B) I. Epic
dead,feeling of grief and melancholy. • This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story about
• The theme of this poem is death. a hero or an adventure.
• Epics can be oral stories or can be poems in written form.
• Popular or ancient poetry is usually without definite author.

B) II. Balad
• It also tell a story, like epic poemshowever, ballad poetry is often
based ona legend or a folk tale.
• Most ballads are written in four-sixstanzas and has a regular
rhythms and rhyme schemes.
A ballad often features a refrain-a regular

B) III. Social
• This is either purely comic or tragic andpictures the life of today.
• It may aim to bring changes in social
conditions.

C) Dramatic Poetry
- It has elements related closely to the drama.
- It uses a dramatic technique and may unfold astory.
- It emphasizes the character rather than the narrative.

TYPES OF dramatic POETRY

C) I. Dramatic monologue
• This is a combination of drama and poetry.
• It presents some line or speech of single character in a particular
but complicated situation and sometimes in a dilemma.
A) III. ODE
• It is elaborately structured poems praising or glorifying an event C) II. Soliloquy
or individual, describing nature intellectually as well as • It is when a speaker of the poem orthe character in a play
emotionally. delivers apassage.
•The thoughts and emotions areheard by the author and
theaudience as well.

C) III. Character Sketch

• This is a poem which the writer is concerned less with the
elements of story.
• He presents his observations and comments to a particular
individual.

B) NARRATIVE POETRY
- It is a type of poetry that describes events in a vivid way, using
some of the elements as short stories, plot characters and
dialogue.
C) IV. Oration
• This is a formal address elevated in tone and usually delivered
on some notable occasion.

D) IV. Free Verse

▪ A loosest type of poem. It can consists as many lines as thewriter
wants and either rhyme or not and has no fixed metrical pattern.
SPECIAL TYPES OF POETRY ▪ This type of poem openly called as “Poem with no rules.”

D) I. Haiku
• Special type of poetry which originated from Japan.
• It’s the shortest type of poem and, often, the most difficult to
understand.
• It consists of three lines that generally do not rhyme. The lines
should have five, seven, and five syllables in them.

d) II. Acrostic
• a special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an
adjective to describe a person that begins with each letter of that
person's name.

JOHN
j- ust a stranger in the pas
o- nly fortune crossed our pat
h- idden motives uncloaked atlas
n- ow we are each other’s half.

d) III. Cinquain
▪ a cinquain is a five-line poem that was invented by adelaide
crapsey
- she was an american poet who took her inspiration from
japanese haiku and tanka

▪ the poem typically consists of five lines, using the following

structur
line 1: 2 syllables
line 2: 4 syllables
line 3: 6 syllables
line 4: 8 syllables
line 5: 2 syllables