COVER PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL WITH

WATER LEVEL MONITOR AND DIGITAL DISPLAY

BY

YOUR NAMES AND MATRIC NUMBER

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING TECNOLOGY

NIGERIAN ARMY COLLEGE OF ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (NACEST), MAKURDI, BENUE STATE

OCTOBER, 2023
 TITLE PAGE

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL WITH

WATER LEVEL MONITOR AND DIGITAL DISPLAY

BY

YOUR NAMES AND MATRIC NUMBER

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING TECNOLOGY

NAME OF THE COLLEGE HERE (E.g. Schol of Engineering and Science Technology)

NIGERIAN ARMY COLLEGE OF ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (NACEST), MAKURDI

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQURIEMENT OF THE AWARD OF

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

OCTOBER, 2023
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled “Automatic Pump Control with Water Level
Monitor and Digital Display.” submitted to the Nigerian Army College of Environmental
Science and Technology, is a record of an original work done by us under the guidance
of Engr. Oloche Samuel. The results embodied in this project is a research work which has
not been submitted to any other Polytechnics or Institute for the award of any degree or
diploma. Contributing authors have been duly cited.

NAME

MAT. NO. SIGN

NAME

MAT. NO. SIGN

NAME

MAT. NO. SIGN

 APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that the research work "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL WITH WATER LEVEL MONITOR AND DIGITAL
DISPLAY submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement award of a National Diploma in
Computer Engineering Technology has been read and approved.

SUPERVISOR SIGN

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT SIGN

EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGN

 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over our lives
throughout the period of my study and for their financial support and moral care towards us.
Also, to our supervisor, Engr. Omeligbe Oloche Samuel for the academic advice he often
gives to us. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire
endeavor, Amen.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the
encouragement of our parents and other people. Our immense appreciations go to our humble
and able supervisor, Engr. Omiligbe Oloche Samuel for his kindness in supervising this
project.

Our warmest gratitude goes to our parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support
throughout our study in the institution.

Our appreciations go to some of our lecturers among whom are Mr. Bem, Sombo and Mr.
Adejo, George for their academic contributions towards the success of our project.

Our profound appreciations go to our family and lovely friends and many others who were
quite helpful.
TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover Page - - - - - - - - - i

Title Page - - - - - - - - - ii

Declaration - - - - - - - - - - iii

Certification/Approval Page - - - - - - - iv

Dedication - - - - - - - - - v

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - vi

Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - vii

List of Tables- - - - - - - - - viii

List of Figures- - - - - - - - - ix

Abstract - - - - - - - - - x

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 10

1.1Background of the Study - - - - - 10

1.2 Aim of the Study - - - - - - - - 11

1.3 Justification of the Study - - - - - - 10

1.4 Scope of the Study - - - - - - 11

1.5 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - - 12

1.6 Block Diagram Overview- - - - - - - - 12

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 13

2.01 Sensors- - - - - - - - - 13

3.02 Sensory Unit- - - - - - - - - 14

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 System Analysis - - - - - - - 16

3.2 Fluid Level Detector Sensors - - - - - - 16

3.3 Light Emitting Diodes (LED) - - - - - - - 16

3.4 Voltage Regulators - - - - - - - - 17

3.5 Relay - - - - - - - - - - 17

3.6 Arduino Uno- - - - - - - - - 18

3.7 Board Breakdown- - - - - - - - 18

3.8 Arduino Power Supply-- - - - - - - 19

3.9 Buzzer- - - - - - - - - - 20

3.10 Hardware Subsystem- - - - - - - - 20

3.11 Display Unit - - - - - - - - - 20

3.12 Led Seven Segment Display - - - - - - 21

3.13 Sensor Input Procedures and Design - - - - 21

3.14 Sensor Procedure - - - - - - - 23

3.15 Microcontroller Unit Of Arduino - - - - - 22

3.16 Pin Description - - - - - - - - 24

3.17 Pump Control Segment- - - - - - - 27

CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.01 Overview of the Project- - - - - - -- - 28

4.02 Software Design- - - - - - - - - 28

4.03 Software Development - - - - - - - 29

4.04 Testing - - - - - - - - - 29

4.05 Development Process- - - - - - - - 29

4.06 Program Entry and editing - - - - - - 29

4.07 Compiling and linking- - - - - - - 29

4.08 System Control Program Steps- - - - - - 30

4.09 Program- - - - - - - - - - 30

CHAPTER FIVE

SYSTEM TESTING AND IMPLIMENTATION

5.00 Component Test- - - - - - - - - 31

5.01 System Test- - - - - - - - - 31

5.02 Other Test- - - - - - - - - - 31

5.03Packaging- - - - - - - - - - 32

5.04 Conclusion- - - - - - - - - 32

5.05Problem encountered - - - - - - - 32

5.06Recommendations- - - - - - - 32

5.07 REFFERENCE-- - - - - - - - 33
 ABSTRACT

Automatic pump control with water level monitor and digital display is designed to
monitor the level of water in a tank. It displays the level of water and when it is at the
lowest level; a pump is activated automatically to refill the tank. When the tank is filled to
its maximum capacity, the pump is automatically de-energized. Several circuits are put
together to ensure proper working of this design, and the block diagram includes the
supply unit, the micro-processor unit, the sensor unit, the display unit and the pump drives
unit. The power unit is responsible for turning on the entire circuit. Some components are
used to set up power unit and they include; a 15v step down transformer, a bridge rectifier
circuit, a smoothening capacitor and a voltage regulator IC. The microprocessor
(AT89S50) controls virtually all the actions carried out in this design. (AT89S50) is used
in the design. The sensor unit is responsible for sensing the level of water and transfer the
current position of water to the microprocessor. The display unit in the circuit is use to
physically show the current position of water in the tank, the properties of seven segment
display are been used.
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The project “Automatic pump control with water level monitor and digital display” is
implemented to monitor the amount and quantity of water in the tank. The system has an
automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once the liquid gets to the
lower threshold, while offing the pump once the liquid gets to the higher level.
Sustainability of available water resource in many seasons of the word is now a dominant
issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of
adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture,
industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient use and water monitoring are
potential constraint for home or office water management system. Moreover, the common
method of level control for home appliance is simply to start the feed pump at a low level
and allow it to run until a higher water level is reached in the water tank. This water level
control, controls monitor and maintain the water level in the overhead tank and ensures the
continuous flow of water round the clock without the stress of going to switch the pump
ON or OFF thereby saving time, energy, water, and prevent the pump from overworking
Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels in
reservoirs, silos. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually
being reached with disbursement linked to sensing and automation, such programmatic
approach entails microcontroller based automated water level sensing and controlling or
using (555 timer) Integrated circuits.

The Automatic pump control with water level is an Electronic Equipment which when
electrically connected to the starter of any given pump set motor which control the
operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination
Storage. It Switches the Pump-set when Water level drops below pre-set level inform the
destination, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes
full, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level is low in tank, and Switches ON the
Pump-set when there is sufficient water in the tank.
It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the
tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college
using less costly components. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is
that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

1.2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main objectives and aims of designing this device it is to accomplish an automatic
water level control with automatic control system. In this project sensors are place at many
different level of the tank and with the aid of this sensors, the micro-controller monitor the
level of the liquid at any particular point in time, some of the objectives are mention
below;

 To design an automatic water monitoring system

 To incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the machine
 To prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting bad
 To avoid wastage of water
 Since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control saves
energy.

1.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures constant reserve
of water in the reservoir. The scope of the design was keep concise and simple to in other
not to introduce unnecessary complexities and render it generally uncomfortable. The
system does not have attached complex peripheral device which though impossible for the
detail printable information has been excluded for reasons of affordability material of low
range and less accurate performances as opposed to a well-built automatic water pump
was use d to achieve this aim, the automatic water level controller detect and control the
water in the tank.
1.6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

During this implementation and construction the are certain barriers which affect such as
the water sensors used to build with conductive material, they are subject to rusting or
corrosion. When rusting occurred the sensors will stop conducting thereby causing this
device will stop working.

It is also significant to know that this Automatic Pump Control With Water Level
Monitor is limited to “12v,” and 5amps electric pump and cannot be use to control
industrial water pump above 5 Amperes.

1.7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OVERVIEW

This project report writing is written is design in such a way that each chapter is
related to the next as shown below

POWER SUPPLY

CONTROL CONTROL DISPLAY

UNIT UNIT

INPUT UNIT

Fig 1.0 Block Diagram Of Automatic Water Level Control With Pump
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

An automatic pump control with water level monitor and digital display detects the
water level in the tank and also ensures continuous water flow round the clock because
of its automatic, this automatic water control is made up of microcontroller written in
C programming language this program is burn into an IC called AT89S52 With 40 pins.
The level measurement consist of determining the distance from the upper surface of a
liquid in a reservoir or vessel or any arbitrarily chosen mark located above or below this
surface by itself the level is not an independent physical quantities describing the state
of a substance through direct and indirect level, some examples of direct level
measurement are dipstick, the bubbler, immersion electrode, capacitor type ,liquid level
radiation type liquid level measurement .for instance the dipstick, it is very simple, the
stick being dipped periodically through a hole and the hole and the immersion mark is
being read off with the aid of the calibration on the stick. Then, the direct level
measurement are sight glass ,depending on the manometer principle, the transparent
tube is place in a convenient and its being connected to the lower part of tank and
graduated for safety reasons, the top the bright glass is vented into the tank and the sight
has isolation valve top and bottom while the micro base; water level controller has the
ability to switch on the pumping machine when the water in the tank has gone below
gauge level automatically switches the OFF the pumping machine when the water in
the tank has reach its maximum level. Electronics circuit has undergone tremendous
changes since the invention of a triode by MARCUS GEMMY in 1907. In those days
the active component like resistors, inductors and capacitors etc. Of the circuit were
separated and distinct unite connected by soldered lead with the invention of a transistor
in 1984 by W.H Brattain and I. Barden, the electronic circuit became considerably
reduced in size. IT was due to the fact that transistors were not only cheaper, more
reliable and less power consumption but was much smaller in size than an electronic
tube. To take advantage of small transistors size, the passive component too were reduce
in size there by making the entire circuit very small development of printed circuit board
(PBC) further reduce the size of electronics equipment by eliminating bulky wiring and
tie point. In the early 1960s a new field of micro-electronics was born primarily to meet
the

requirement of the military which was to reduce the size of it electronics equipment to
approximately one tenth of it then existing volume. The drive extreme reduction in the
size of electronic circuit has led to the development of micro-electronics circuit called
integrated circuit (ICS) which are so small than their actual construction is done by
technicians using high powered microscopes. An integrated circuit is a complete circuit
in which both the active and passive component are fabricated in on a tiny single chip of
silicon, Active component is those which have the ability to produce gain example are
transistors and field effect transistors (FET). An integrated circuit sometimes called a
chip or microchip is a semi-conductor wafer on which thousand of millions of tiny
transistors, capacitors are fabricated, An IC can be either analog digital depending on its
intended application.

2.1 SENSORY UNIT

Level sensor detect he level substance that flow including liquid s slurries, granular
materials and powders. All substance that flow to become essentially level in their
containers (or other physical boundaries) because of gravity The substance to be
measure can be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g. river or lake) . The
level measurement can be either continuous or point value. Continuous level sensors
measure within a specified range and determine the exact amount of substance in a
certain place. Hill point level sensors only indicate whether the substance is above or
below the sensing point generally the latter detect levels that are excessively high or low
there are many physical and application of variables that affect selection of optimal level
monitoring method for industrial and commercial Processes. The selection criteria
include the physical phase (liquid solid or slurry), temperature, pressure or vacuum,
density (specific gravity)of medium, agitation ,acoustic or electrical
noise ,vibration ,mechanical shock, tank or bin size and shape also important are the
application constraint price, accuracy, appearance response rate, ease of calibration or
programming ,physical size and mounting of the instrument or Discrete (point) levels.
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 REVIEW

There are many methods of designing an Automatic pump control with water level
monitor and digital display with switching device but all these methodologies require
human assistance. In this project an automatic water level control for both overhead and
underground tank with switching device is designed using electronic control to refill the
water without human intervention. The system design was carefully arranged to refill
the water tank any time water get low to a certain level finally the system automatically
shut down the water pump by putting the electric pump by putting the electric pump off
when the tank is full. The approach used in this work is the modular design approach the
overall design was broken into function block diagrams. Where each block in the
diagram represent a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function. The system
was designed using functional blocks as shown in the block diagram bellow in this
method the circuit is designed to display 3 different level using three sensors to monitor
the inflow of water in the tank. However these displays can be increased and decrease
depending upon the level resolution required. This can be done by increasing or
decreasing the number of level detector and associated component. Diodes full-wave
rectifier are used to power the system through a volts battery the rectifier output is
filtered using capacitor C through C3 respectively the final design schematic circuit
diagram of the method is shown below in the figure

Fluid level Water

PUSH LED
Detection
Pump BUTTON Display and
Sensors
alarm

Arduino Uno Control LED

Display

FIG 3.0 PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
This project design automatic water pump control monitor and digital display is a
switching device is use to ensure a higher rate of water monitoring and low level
monitoring with major component used in the project design are fund level detection
sensors, Arduino Uno, LCD segment display etc. and the power supply unit, relays
switching.

3.3 FLUID LEVEL DETECTOR SENSORS

Sensors are devices that convert physician property or a change in the physical property
into a more easily manipulated form e.g. voltage, displacement, resistance the major
forms of energy that sensors can detect can be classified as motion, temperature and
light pressure, electrical, magnetic, chemical and nuclear. It is important to know that a
wide variety of sensors can measure temperature but are tupe may be more useful to an
electronic circuit because it convert temperature to an electrical signal compatible with
electronic circuit. The number of sensors and transducers available for use in modern
industrial system seem almost unlimited. The fluid level detection sensors are input
transducers used to accept input signal to the IC 4066 and for other operation of the tank
the performance of the device for easy maintenance and service the fluid level detection
sensor works on the principle that water conduct electricity. Therefore different level of
water should allow flow of current through the fluid level detection sensor.

3.4 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES OR (LED)

Light emitting diodes commonly called LED they do dozens of different jobs and are
found in all kinds of devices. Among other things they form the numbers on digital
close, transmit information from remote controls, light up watches and tell you when
your appliance are turned on collected together they can form images on a jumbo
television screen or illuminate a traffic light. Basically, LED are just ting light bulbs that
fit easily into an electrical circuit but unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs, they don’t
have a filament that will burn out and they don’t have get hot. They are illuminated by
the movement of electron in a semiconductor material. Many circuits use a LED as a
usual indicator of some sort even if only as an indicator of power supply being turned
on.
A sample calculation of the dropping resistor is included below.

Most LED operate at 1.7v although this is not always the case and it is wise to check.
The dropping resistor is simply the net supply voltage minus the 1.7v led voltage then
divided by the led brightness current express as “amps” (ohms law) note the orientation
of both cathode and anode with respect to the ground end and the supply end usually
with led the longer lead is the anode. LED has several advantages over conventional in
can descent lamps for thing, they don’t have a filament that will burn out, so they last
much longer. Additionally, their small plastic bulb makes them a lot more durable. They
also fit more easily into modern electronic circuits but the main advantage is efficiency,
in conventional in can descent bulb the light production process involve generating a lot
of heat the filament must be warm this completely waste energy. Alternate pairs of diode
conduct changing over the connections so the alternating directions of AC are converted
to the direction of DC.

3.5 VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A voltage regulator also called a “regulator” has only three legs and appears to be a
comparatively simple device but it is actually a very complex in integrated circuit. A
regulator converts varying input voltages and produces a constant “regulated” output
voltage. Voltage regulators are available in a variety of output. Last two digits in the name
indicate the output voltages in the table below.

3.5 RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field, which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil
current can be on or off so relay have two switch position and they are double throw
(change over)
Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit, which can be completely separated
from the first. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits;
the link is magnetic and mechanical.

The coils of a relay pass a relatively large current. Typically 30mn for a 12v relay but it
can be as much as 100mn lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current and
a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for
the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer FC is 200mn so
these devices can supply relay coil directly without amplification.

3.6 ARDUINO UNO

One of the most popular Arduino boards out there is the Arduino Uno. While it was not
actually the first board to be released, it remains to be the most actively used and most
widely documented on the market. Because of its extreme popularity, the Arduino Uno
has a ton of project tutorials and forums around the web that can help you get started or
out of a jam. We’re big fans of the Uno because of its great features and ease of use.

3.7 BOARD BREAKDOWN

Here are the components that make up an Arduino board and what each of their functions
is:

Reset Button – This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board

AREF – Stands for “Analog Reference” and is used to set an external reference voltage

Ground Pin – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same

Digital Input/Output – Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output

PWM – The pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate analog output

USB Connection – Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches

TX/RX – Transmit and receive data indication LEDs

ATmega Microcontroller – This is the brains and is where the programs are stored
Power LED Indicator – This LED lights up anytime the board is plugged in a power
source

Voltage Regulator – This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino board

DC Power Barrel Jack – This is used for powering your Arduino with a power supply

3.3V Pin – This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects

5V Pin – This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects

Ground Pins – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same

Analog Pins – These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it to
digital

3.8 ARDUINO POWER SUPPLY

The Arduino Uno needs a power source in order for it to operate and can be powered in a
variety of ways. You can do what most people do and connect the board directly to your
computer via a USB cable. If you want your project to be mobile, consider using a 9V
battery pack to give it juice. The last method would be to use a 9V AC power supply

Fig 3:02 Power Supply For Arduino

3.8ARDUINO BREADBOARD

Another very important item when working with Arduino is a solder less breadboard.
This device allows you to prototype your Arduino project without having to permanently
solder the circuit together. Using a breadboard allows you to create temporary prototypes
and experiment with different circuit designs. Inside the holes (tie points) of the plastic
housing, are metal clips which are connected to each other by strips of conductive
material, On a side note, the breadboard is not powered on its own and needs power
brought to it from the Arduino board using jumper wires. These wires are also used to
form the circuit by connecting resistors, switches and other components together.

3.9 BUZZER

Buzzer element have a simple structure in which piezo ceramic element is glued to
vibration plates. When alternating voltage is applied to piezo ceramic element, the element
expands or shrinks diametrically. This characteristic is utilized to make vibration plate
bend to generate sounds. The acoustic generating method can be roughly divided into self-
drive oscillation method and external-drives oscillation method. The former shows the
lowest impedance on the acoustic generator, and produces the sound by the positive
feedback oscillation circuit to make neconace there by big sound pressure can be obtained
by a simple circuit.

3.10 HARDWARE SUBSYSTEM

This project is made up of five modules namely

1. Sensor Unit
2. Display Unit
3. Control Unit
4. Power Supply Unit
5. Pump Control Unit
6. Utrasonial sensor

3.11 DISPLAY UNIT

The display unit consists of four seven segment displays, attached to the port or the micro
controller. These seven-segment display arrangements show the level of the liquid at any
particular point in time.

The seven-segment used in the design is common mode which is a type of seven-segment
in which the anodes of all the individual segment are linked together. Therefore for any of
the segment to be lighted. OV is supplied to the cathode the choice of common anode
seven-segment display in my design because the micro controller sinks TT2 logic better
then sourcing it the segment of the display are connected to port 0 of the micro controller
and the display is made to display any figure or characters by sending the corresponding
hexadecimal valve to port 0.

3.14 LED SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

This type of display comes in a variety of colors, sizes and packaging stiles. While red is
still the most favored color, green, yellow and orange LED readouts are also available.
The readout come packaged in standard Dip configuration with clear or modified diffused
lens the latter for “full flood” visibility, Its mode of fabrication is based in either a
common cathode or common anode arrangement But common-anode arrangement was
used in this project for easier configuration. The seven-segment display gets its name from
the fact that seven illuminated segment are used to configure the digit 0-9 and a few lower
and upper case letters. Its arrangement is in the figure of number eight Its read out and list
of segment required for it to illuminates is given below in common cathode all the cathode
are internally tied together and brought out to circuit ground through an external current
limiting, or pull-down resistor. Turns the LED segment “ON” also in common anode
arrangement all anodes are internally connected and brought out to VCC through an
external current limiting, or pull-up resistor. A low voltage to any LED cathode turns it on
it allows for maximum flexibility due to their sizes and shapes the diagram of the seven-
segment display is shown below.

f b
g

e c

3.15 SENSOR INPUT PROCEDURE AND DESIGN

The input unit consists of ultrasonic sensor that monitor the liquid level and effect of “I”
to “0” transition on the port of the micro controller. The sensors consist of four terminals
connected to the Arduino while the tank is calibrated using ultrasonic sensor attached to it.
The sensor consists of two round shiny head which face the liquid, it detect the level of
water in the tank when it get higher and when it get lower. A grounding probe is connected
at the base of the container so as to ground the liquid content of the container. Therefore
logic 1 to 0 transitions is seen by the microcontroller whenever a particular level is
attained by the liquid.

3.17 MICROCONTROLLER UNIT OF THE ARDUINO

The at 89552 is a low power high performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4 k
bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
manufactured using Atmel high density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry standard MC5-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip
flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89552 is a powerful microcomputer, which provides a
highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control application. the
AT89552 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and support
two software selectable power saving modes. The idle mode stops the CPU while
allowing the RAM, timer/counter serial port and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The power down mode saves the Ram contents but freezes the oscillator
disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
 P1 .0 1 40 VCC
P1 .1 2 39 P0 .0
P1 .2 3 38 P0 .1
P1 .3 4 37 P0 .2
P1 .4 5 36 P0 .3 AD3
P1 .5 6 35 P0.4 AD4
P1 .6 7 MICRO -PROCESSOR 34 P0 .5 AD5
P1 .7 8 33 P0 .6 AD6
P1 .8 9 OF THE 32 P0 .7 AD7
ARDUINO 31 EA/VPP
RXD P3 .0 1
30 ALE/PRO
TXD P3 .1 1
(TXD) P3 .2 1 29 SEN

(INT0I) P3 . 3 1 28 P2.7 A15

(T0) P3 . 4 1 27 P2 .6 A14

(T1) P3 . 5 1 26 P2 .5 A13
WR P3 .6 1 25 P2.4 A12
RD P3 .7 1 24 P2 .3 A11
XTAL 2 1 23 P2.2 A10
XTAL 1 1 22 P2.1 A9
GND 2 21 P2.0 A8

FIG 3.14 PIN CONFIGURATION OF MICROCONTROLLER

3.17 FEATURES

 Programmable serial channel

 Compatible with MCS-5ITM product

 Fully static operation: OHz to 24MHz

 Three-level program memory lock

 128 x 8 –bit internal RAM

 32 programmable 1/0 lines

  Two 16-bit timer/counters
 Six interrupt sources
 Low-power idle and power-down modes

3.18 PIN DESCRIPTION

Port 0

Port 0 is an 8 –bit open- drain b1 – directional 10 port. As an output port, each pin can
sink eight TT2 inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins. The pins can be used as high
impedances input. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low order.
Address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory in thus mode PO
has internal pull-ups and receives the code bytes

PORT 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit-b1-directional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The port 1 output buffers
can sink/source four TT2 inputs when 1s are written to port1 pins they are pulled high by
the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally
being pulled low will source current (112) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also
receives the low order address bytes during flash programming and verification.

PORT 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit b1-directional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The port 2 output buffers
ca sink/source four TT2 inputs. When 1s are written to port 2 pins they are pulled high by
the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs.

As inputs, port 2 pins that are externally being pulled can be used as outputs. As inputs,
port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal
pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high order address bate during fetches from external program
memory and during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit addresses

PORT 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit b1-directional 1/0 port with internal pull-ups. The port 3 output buffers
can sink/source four TT2 inputs. When 1s are written to port 3 pins then are pulled high by
the internal pull-ups and can be used as outputs. As inputs port 3 pins that are externally
being pulled low will source current (112) because of the pull-ups port 3 also serves the
function of various speech features of the AT89552 is an listed below.

Port Pin Alternate Functions

P3.0 RXD (Serial input port)

P5.1 TXD (Serial output port)

P3.2 INTO external interrupt 0

P3.3 INTI external interrupt 1

P3.4 TO Timer 0 external input

P3.5 T1 timer 1 external input

P3.6 WR external data memory read strobe

P3.7 RD external data memory read strobe

RESET BUTTON

Reset input: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is turning resets
the device.

ALE/PROG

Address latch enable output pulse for latching the low byte of address during accesses to
external memory. This is also the program pulse input (PROG) during flash programming.
In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 oscillator frequency, and may
be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note however that one ALE pulse is
skipped during each access to external data memory.
PSEN

Program store enable is the read strobe to external program memory when the AT89552 is
executing code from external program memory. PSEN is activated twice each machine
cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data
memory.

EA/UPP

External access enables. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to
fetch code from external program memory locations starting out 0000H up to FH. Note
however that if clock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA
should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-
volt programming enable voltage (UPP) during flash programming for parts that require
12-volt VPP.

XTAL 1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating
circuit.

3.19 PUMP CONTROL SEGMENT

The pump control segment consists of two directional part which receive and pump
water out , which make use of 12v. while the pump is attached to the normally open pin
of the relay. A diode is connected across the energizing coil of the relay to bias the relay
while the microcontroller controls the biasing of the relay by sending logic 1 or logic 0
to the base of the NPN transistor, which in turn biases the relay.
VCC
Logic I = ON

Contac
Control Diod
Logic Relay
Relay Coil
10 k

NPN
GND

FIG 3.15 DIAGRAM OF PUMP CONTROL SEGMENT

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION RESULT

As seen in chapter one, the project consist of six blocks. Which depicts the functional
parts of the system? In this section, I will like to make conceptual design of the design
of the system to have in the detail design of the hardware. The design gives an overview
on the function of the major block, how they are integrated and the data flow
arrangement. A sensitive automatic detector of water level controller will switching
device can the design process characterized by the following:
1. Definition of task
2. Requirement
3. Factor that influence choice

In defining a task, every design comes from an idea or a problem that require a solution.
Questions may be generated on what exactly that is required to be achieved and the
feasibility of the ideas as regards to the implementation. If these questions are analyzed
critically with tangible solutions to the problem, a development of this idea into a reality
is the next step. Requirement for design process have to be considered once an idea has
been establish. The need to determine whether or not the idea require a pc or not
depends on complexity of the circuitry, or whether the circuit to be designed needs to
make a complex data. The compare these factors with topic with ICS(AND GATE)
which two input when high logic changes output preferably, a micro-controller will be
the option base on the circuit to be design with less hardware connection and flexibility.
In writing a program that performs a desire function accesses the ability of the micro-
controller. However among all the component used here the one that consumes the
higher power is the light emitter diodes (LED) which need as much as 12-voit to glow
and draws as maximum as 500m amp of current. Below is a circuit construction of the
project
 FIG:3:02 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC WATER PUMP
CONTROL WITH DISPLA SEGMENT AND SENSORS

4.1 SOFTWARE DESIGN

Software is computer program, instructions that cause the software, the machine to do
work. Software as whole can be divided into a number of categories base on the type of
work done. The two primary software are operating software (system software), which
controls the working of the computer, application software, which addresses the
multitude of task for which people use computer. Application software, perform word
processing, data base management, and the like. Two additional categories that are
either system or Application software, and language software, which provide
programmers with tools they need to write programs. In addition to these task-based
categories, several types of software are described based on their application.

4.6 TESTING

After the programs is written ,it was tested, this involve executing the programs with
selected input called test cases, the result whether or not the program is functioning as
desired.
4.8 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

In writing the software for this project, a modular approach was employed. This made it
easier to check for errors and debug the program. Three major tools were used in the
development process; the C51 compiler was used to translate from the source code into
the object code. The SDCPP was employed to link the program while the PACKIHX did
the conversion from binary to hexadecimal.

4.10 PROGRAM ENTRY AND EDITING

After the design of the software, a text editor is employed to enter the source into the disk
file. As noted earlier, the text editor also functions as error correcting in the program. The
text editor use is the CRIMSON text editor.

4.11 COMPILING AND LINKING

The small device C “compiler” comes with a lot of modules. It dose the task of
compilation, linking binary to hexadecimal conversion once the compilation command is
issued an object file, a hexadecimal and a binary file.

4.12 SYSTEM CONTROL PROGRAM STEPS

The operation of the micro-controller based water level control system is summarized as
follows;

 The display unite display the present level of the water for example “3”
 The micro-controller monitor the sensor and open the pump once the water level
has gone too low, and the display system shows “L” which means low
 The micro-controller closes the pump when it shows “F” which means full in it
display.

4.13 PROGRAM

Include < at 89552. H >

Void pump (void)
If (P1 – 0)
P2 – 1 = 1
If (! P1 – 5) Є
P2 – 1 = 0
Void display (void) Є
// level 2
If (CP1 – 0) 88 (P1 -1)88 (P1 -3) 88 (P1- 4)) Є
Po = o x 47
// level 1
If ((! P1 – 0) 88 (P1 -1) 88 (p1 -2) 88 (P1 – 3) 88 (P1 - 4)
Po = OX79
// display level 3
If ((!P1 – 0) 88 (!P1 – 1) 88 (P1 – 2) 88 (P1 – 3) 88 (P1 – 4) Є
Po = OX24
// display level 3
If ((! P1 – 0) 88 (! P1 – 1) 88 (P1 -2) 88 (P1 – 3) 88 (P1 – 4)) Є
Po = OX30
// display level 4
If ((! P1 – 0) 88 (! P1 – 1) 88 (! P1 3) 88 (P1 – 4)) Є
PO = OX19
// display level 5
If ((! P1 – 0) 88 (! P1 – 1) 88 (! P1 – 2) 88 (!P1 – 4) 88 (1 – 5))
PO = OX12;
// display level 6
If ((! P1 – 0) 88 (! P1 -1) 88 (! P1 – 2) 88 (P1 – 3) 88 (P1 – 4))
88 (P1 – 5)) Є
P0 = OXOe;
Void main (void) Є
While (1) Є
//P2 = 0

Pump ( )

Display ( )
 CHAPTER FIVE
1.3. DISCUSION OF STUDY

5.0 SYSTEM TESTING AND INTEGRATION

Automatic pump control with water level monitor and digital display came into existence
because of human error and inconsistence that is associated with manually operated water
pumping machine. This is because it takes time for individual who is manually operating
the water pump to turn off the pumping machine and this may cause water spillage and at
times the individual might not know that the water level has drop so low until the tank is
completely empty. This was the problem that leads to the development of the ideal of an
automatic water level control and automatic pump short down.

After the design and implementation phase, the system built has to be tested for
durability and effectiveness and also ascertain if there is need to modify the design .the
system was first assembled using breadboard .all the component were properly soldered
to the Vero board from whence some test were carried out at various stage .to ensure
proper functioning of component expected data, the component were tested using a
digital multimeter (DMM). Arduino Uno were tested to ensure that there within the
good functionality .system was created and all modules and sections responded to as
specified in the design through the power supply delivering into the system designed.

5.5 SYSTEM TEST

The system was powered and operated upon using several possibilities they include
making sure that the pump only start when the water level has gone below the mark, and
stops when the water level has reach maximum. The seven segment display was also
tested to make sure correct level was display on the seven segment display screen. The
sensors were also tested.

5.8 OTHER TEST

The bucket used as tank in my project was tested in other to make sure there was no
leakage, the hose or pipe conveying the water from the lower tank to the upper tank was
tested or checked for any kind of breakage or leakage.
5.11 PACKAGING

After the completion of the work, the circuitry was enclosed in a case to avoid damage.
This is very vitally to the packaging of any electronic equipment, the enclosure provides
protection as well as attraction that is, it add aesthetic value to the work. The sizes of
tank to be used for packaging was first of all determined after considering the following
factors

1. Easy input and removal of water from the tanks

2. Positions of the tanks
3. Space for future modifications, easy accessibility to circuit board
4. Easy mobility of the tanks.

5.13 CONCLUSION

Going through the planning, flow process, design and software implementation, the
system has been a tough one, the chapter one to four has actually tried as much as
possible to explain vividly almost all (if not all) what is involved in the construction of
this project. After the complete design of the system, the deviation between the expected
result and the actual result was very close. The performance and efficiency was beyond
expectation and from every ramification the design of automatic water controller was
successful.

5. 14. PROBLEM ENCOUNTER

The biggest setback experience during the course of this project is difficulties in finding
the design of the project, secondly sourcing of material and component I used for the
project were difficult to find like pump and buffer for programming.

5.15 RECOMMENDATIONS

I strongly recommend that government should set up industries for production of basic
electronic component locally and establish research centers in each Polytechnics or
University to enable student have good sound practical knowledge on electronics
component and their operation
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