“> 3 Adaptations in Animals \Let’s Begin ~ Name one land animal and one water animal. How are these different from each | other? Let's find out. Adaptation to Habitat Animals live in different habitats of land and water. To'survive in a particular climatic and environmental conditions, animals br'ng changes in themselves. This process of changing to survive in a habitat is known as adaptation. | Terrestrial animals " 3 Animals that live on land are called land animals or terrestrial animals. They usually | have legs to move on land. Most of the terrestrial animals breathe through their lungs. Rat Tiger Elephant Different land animals live on different habitats like polar regions, deserts, etc. Animals living in polar regions The North Pole is an extremely cold place. It is a habitat of polar bears. { Adaptations j Polar bears have thick, furry coat on aed $ | their body to keep them warm. nee but have no ep ¢ A thick layer of fat under the skin 3 5 s the polar bear warm. It is known as blubber. Scanned with CamScannerLikewise, the South Pole also is an extremely cold region. It is a habitat of penguins. Adaptations * Penguins store fat in their bodies to keep themselves warm. * They usually sit close to each other to protect themselves from cold. Polar bear Penguin Animals living in deserts Deserts have very hot days and cold nights. There is scarcity of food and water. Camels live in deserts. Adaptations * Camels have scanty body hair and thick skin that protects them from the heat. They have broad, flat and padded feet to help them walk on the sand. « They can live without water and food for many days. They use the fat stored in their hump, when they © do not get food. Animals living on mountains Mountain goats and yaks live on the mountains. It is very cold and it often snows on mountains. Adaptations © They are good at climbing the steep hills. The small hooves help them to climb up and down the slopes. © Their thick coat protects them against cold. Mountain goat Scanned with CamScannerAerial animals Animals like birds and bats spend a lot of time flying in the air. They are called aerial animals. Adaptations © Birds have wings to fly. * Their bodies are covered with feathers and are light because of hollow bones. © Their streamlined body helps them to easily cut through the air. * Bats have wings made of thin skin. They stretch them like arms and fingers to fly. a Bird Bats are eee ied as mammals. Can you tell eee | Arboreal animals Land animals that live mostly on trees are called arboreal animals. Monkeys, squirrels, koala bears, orangutans and tree lizards are arboreal animals. Adaptations ¢ Lizards have claws to climb or hold on to the branches of trees. * Monkeys have long arms and legs to move from branch to branch. They use their tail for gripping and balancing. Monkey Squirrel Koala bear Orangutan Aquatic animals Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals. Fish, turtle, octopus and crab are some of the aquatic animals, Scanned with CamScannerAdaptations * They have fins, tail or suitable limbs for swimming in water. © They have gills through which they take in the oxygen dissolved in water. ¢ The webbed feet of a duck, the paddle-like flippers of a turtle, and _boat-shaped body of a fish, help in = swimming. Dolphins and.. whales breathe through lungs. | 2 clin of fish does not get affected by “They scome to the | Water, The scales on their body makes surface of water for | the skin waterproof. Naeem breathing. Amphibians Animals that can live both on land and water are called amphibians. Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are amphibians. Frog Newt Salamander Adaptations * Their hind legs have webbed feet to help them swim in water. * They breathe through their skin when in water and with their lungs when on land. * They have limbs that are suited to move on land. Adaptation for Food Different animals eat different kinds of food. They have special body parts to get and eat food. (@) Scanned with CamScannerHerbivores Plants eating animals are called herbivores. Giraffes, cows, horses, goats and rabbits are herbivores. Adaptations Giraffe Cow * They have sharp cutting teeth in the front for biting, and grinding teeth at the back for cutting and chewing their food. ‘| Carnivores Flesh eating animals are called carnivores. Lions, tigers, foxes, vultures, and eagles are carnivores. Adaptations tion Fox * Lions and foxes have sharp teeth in front to tear the flesh and broad teeth at the back to chew their food thoroughly. Eagles and vultures have sharp claws to catch their prey and hooked beaks to tear the flesh. Omnivores Animals which eat plants as well as flesh of other animals are called omnivores. Bears, crows, cockroaches and dogs are omnivores. Adaptations" * Bears and dogs have sharp cutting teeth, strong grinding teeth, and also sharp tearing teeth. * Crows have strong beaks and claws. Scavengers Some animals like hyenas, vultures and falcons feed on the flesh of dead animals. They are called scavengers. Hyena Vulture Scanned with CamScannerPE a a Adaptations « Hyenas have strong Jaws to crush bones. * Vultures have hooked beaks to tear the flesh of dead animals. Parasites Some animals depend upon other animals for food. They live inside or on the body of other living organisms. They are called parasites. The organism In which parasites live is called host. Bedbugs, lice and tapeworms are parasites. A tapeworm can live inside a human being. papeworm Adaptations © They do not have teeth. * They suck blood of other animals using sucking tubes in their mouth. Adaptation for Protection Itls very important for animals to keep highly alert all the time. They show adaptations to protect themselves from their enemies. * Some animals such as deer and gazelles have very strong legs. These animals run fast to escape from enemies. Deer mate sien 2 ae © Zebras, tigers, leopardsanddeerhavestripes or spots on their bodies which help them merge with their natural surroundings. This helps them in hiding from their enemies. Polar bears merge with snow in their surroundings and chameleons change their colour to hide themselves. This feature is called camouflage. @E Scanned with CamScanner Polar bearBuffaloes, elephants, fish and birds stay in groups to protect their young ones. Elephants Snails and tortoises hide in their hard shell to protect themselves during danger. Snail Tortoise Rhinoceros and buffaloes use their horns for defence. Rhinoceros During winter, many animals leave the place where they live and travel every year to warmer areas. Later, when the winter is over, they come back. This long journey is called migration. Siberian cranes migrate every year to India from Siberia. Siberian cranes * Some animals like bears, some snakes, lizards, frogs and some squirrels sleep during winters to save themselves from the cold. This is known as hibernation. They eat a lot during summer and store the food as fat. This helps them to live during winter, Scanned with CamScanner« Some animals like desert rats, crocodiles and lungfish sleep during summer months to escape the heat. This summer sleep is called aestivation. _ Do you know, when the cuttlefish is in danger, it releases ink from its body? The ink makes the water blue and distracts the enemy. Now We Know (Mind Map) £ ‘Camouflage LED \ es carte (uc? Hiberation __~ Different animals have As: roereions elie je ae Mountains eS. "7 body Satara of rberad : Aquatic animals ‘onimals help them to ive on trees jatiitay eit i 13} blul “protect Ee nivore omnivore scavenger “parasite host Scanned with CamScannerEXERCISES. ye . Tick (7) against the correct option. (Multiple Choice Questions) 1. Lungfish escapes the heat through: (a) migration O) ©) hibernation (J) (c) aestivation @ 2. Hollow bones are found in: (a) tigers O ® birds O © frogs O 3. Parasites live in the body of: (a) hosts O ©) omnivores (7) (0) scavengers O 4. Rhinoceros and buffaloes use their horns for: (a) defence O © hunting O © eating Oo 5. Which of the following is an aquatic animal? (a) Camel O © Turtle ©» © © ‘Spider monkey © |. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements. 1. Bats have wings made of thin skin. 2. Dolphins breathe through gills. 3. Hyenas are herbivores. 4. The north pole is the habitat of polar bears. 5. The streamlined body of aerial animals helps them to easily cut through air. . Fill in the blanks using the words from the box. bird. a 1. Siberian crane is a 2 live both on land and water. 3. The thick layer of fat under the skin of polar bears is called . 4. 5. When in danger, the cuttlefish releases from its body. have hooked beaks to tear the flesh of dead animals. , Short answer questions. 1. What are amphibians? Give two examples. 2. Define the term adaptation. 3. What is the difference between arboreal animals and arial animals? 4. Differentiate between parasites and scavengers. Scanned with CamScanner5. Define the following: (a) migration (b) hibernation (©) aestivation 6. How do snails and tortoises protect themselves from their enemies? V. Long answer questions. 1. What are terr | animals? What suitable features do they have to live on land? What are the adaptations present in the camel? Describe the tive main groups of animals depending on the kind of food they eat. Define the term ‘camouflage’. How do the polar bears camouflage themselves? VI. Think and Answer. Ber Can yaks survive in deserts? Give reason for your answer. Let’s Do More Project Look at the given pictures and write the name given to the habitat of these animals. & A Form a group of friends and find how the habitat of these animals is getting destroyed due to human activities. Create a poster to show various ways to save their habitats. Se EN Nf Scanned with CamScannerExplore Identify the given animals and fill the information about their habitat and adaptation in the given table. [Name] Habitat LIFE SKILLS We must use wood, paper and other products that we get from plants and trees judiciously. When trees are cut, we destroy habitats of different animals. We must grow more trees to help them survive. Scanned with CamScanner4 Reproduction in Animals (Let's Begin ; : , Which of these animals give birth to their young ones—Fish, cat, tiger, snake, crow, | f dog, etc. Let’s know more about how animals produce their own kinds. f Lifespan is a period of one’s life. All living things have certain lifespan. They die when their lifespan is over. Living beings produce their own kind to ensure the continuity of generations, The process by which living things produce their own kind is called reproduction. Animals reproduce in two ways: ¢ Some animals give birth to babies or young ones. © Some animals lay eggs from which their young ones hatch. Animals that give Birth to Young Ones Animals that give birth to young ones are called mammals. They have hair on their body. They feed their young ones with their own milk. Most mammals live on land and breathe through lungs. Tigers, lions, goats, dogs, elephants, horses, rabbits and human beings are mammals. cet = -— Whales and dolphins are mammals. But a they do not have hair on their bodies. | Ne ca Before being born, the young ones grow inside the body of their mother. After the birth, the young ones need care. The parents take care of their baby. Mother feeds the baby with her milk. The babies need protection till they can take care of themselves. Scanned with CamScanner; lay eggs. Their young ones hatch from the eggs. Animals like kangaroos carry their young, ones in their pouch. These animals are known as marsupials. Animals that lay eggs Birds, fishes, snakes, frogs and insects are some animals that Structure of an egg Eggs are covered by a protective hard covering called an egg shell. The centre of an egg contains the yolk. The bright white spot on Structure of an egg the yolk develops into a baby. The yolk provides nourishment to the growing baby or embryo. The white, watery substance surrounding the yolk is known as albumen. It protects the embryo from jerks and shocks. Different stages of development from an embryo to an adult is known as the life cycle of an animal. Life cycle of a bird The adult birds keep their eggs warm by sitting on them. This process is called incubation. Inside the egg, the embryo goes through different ‘stages of development. When it is fully grown, it breaks open the shell and comes out as a chick. This is known as hatching. The chick grows to become an adult bird. Som NS Life cycle of a hen Scanned with CamScannerLife cycle of a fish Afish lays thousands of eggs at a time. These eggs do not have shells. The eggs are surrounded by a kind of jelly which protects the eggs from water and predators. However, many eggs and young fish are eaten by bigger fish. Only a few of them grow to become an adult fish. vag wo Se Young fish SO 7 — Larvae, —= Life cycle of a fish Life cycle of a frog Frogs live on land, but they lay their eggs in water. A female frog lays eggs in clusters called spawns. These egg are protected by a jelly-like substance. Tadpoles hatch from these eggs. They resemble like a small fish. These tadpoles start developing legs as they grow. In about eleven weeks, they transform into an adult frog. The complete change in an organism while growing through different stages of its life cycle is known as metamorphosis. ea © Fees Young frog Tadpole with Tadpole legs —_——" Life cycle of a frog @m Scanned with CamScannerLife cycle of reptiles riz sh Reptiles like lizards, snakes, crocodiles and turtles also lay eggs. Snakes dsuislly lay eggs on the ground, while turtles and crocodiles dig shallow pits near river GY banks. The eggs get warmth from the sunlight and hatch in the absence of parents. Some reptiles like crocodile look after their eggs and young ones. tees OR Crocodile hatching, from an egg. 25 - Life cycle of a crocodile Life cycle of insects Insects lay eggs which go through several stages to become an adult insect. These stages show metamorphosis. The life cycle of a housefly has four stages. aft house A housefly lays hundreds of eggs at a . A larva hatches out of the’égg. It is called, a: D> rs maggot. A maggot looks like a worm without = legs and wings. It later grows into a pupa. Weeks later, a young housefly breaks open the cocoon. * Similarly, butterflies and moths also develop through the same stages. ~“y. ~7" Life cycle of a housefly Scanned with CamScannerGrasshoppers and cockroaches have three stages in adult their life cycle. A young cockroach that develops from an cockroach egg is called anymph. It does not have wings and sheds its skin several times before becoming an adult. This Nymph Eee” process of constantly shedding the old skin is known as I cal dn ae moulting. Life cycle of a cockroach The larva of a butterfly is called gcc aa a caterpillar. ae i lEIKNO (Mind Map) supial ~ shell Scanned with CamScannerL_ Tick (7) against the correct option. (Multiple Choice Questions) i, The egg of a bird is filled with white, watery substance, called: (a) yolk O © albumen () (©) shell 2. give birth to babies. (@) Butterflies O © Birds O © Mammals oO 3. The young one of a frog is called: (a) nymph O ©) tadpole O © bra oO 4. The complete change in an organism while growing through different stages of its life cycle is called: (a) moulting CO ©) metamorphosis() (@) hatching C 5. is the hard outer covering of an egg. (a) Albumen O © Yok O © Shell |. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements. 1. The yolk protects an embryo from jerks and shocks in an egg. 2. A cluster of frog eggs is called spawns. 3. A young cockroach is called a nymph. 4. Dolphins carry their young ones in their pouch. 5. The larva of a bufferfly is called a caterpillar. . Fill in the blanks using the words from the box. 1. The larva of a housefly is calleda____. 2. The centre of an egg contains the__ 3. Mammals have on their body. 4, Animals that give birth to young ones are called 5. The time period for which a plant and animal lives in known as |. Short answer questions. 1. Name the different ways by which animals reproduce. 2. Define the following terms: (a) incubation (b) moulting (albumen (d) lifespan Scanned with CamScanner3. What is metamorphosis? Give three examples of animals that show metamorphosis. 4. Differentiate between mammals and marsupials. Give one exampleof each. 5. Whatisa life cycle? V. Long answer questions. 1. Define reproduction. Why do animals reproduce? 2. Explain the different parts of an egg with the help of a well-labelled diagram. 3. Describe the life cycle of a frog. 4. Explain the various stages that takes place in the life cycle of a housefly. VI. Think and Answer. Do you know the life cycle of humans? How many steps does it have and why? (Les Do More” Project How does an egg of a butterfly turn into an adult? Paste pictures or draw and label the stages of its life cycle in your scrapbook. Activity Identify the different parts of an egg. Draw the same on a chart paper. LIFE SKILLS Never destroy any nest of a bird. It might be having an egg or a young one who needs care. If you ever find a bird’s young one alone, take care of it with the help of your elders. @©E Scanned with CamScanner5 / Teeth and Digestion (ersBegn] How many times do you brush your te | Let’s find out more about our teeth. |= Teeth are a very important part of our mouth. They give . shape to our face and help us in chewing food. Thoroughly chewed food gets easily digested. Tongue and teeth together help us to speak. Parts of a Tooth i Our mouth contains an upper jaw and a lower jaw. Teeth are present on both the jaws and are held with the help of gums. The outer and visible part of a tooth is known as the crown. The part of the tooth embedded in the gums is known as the root. The root helps to keep the tooth in eth in a day? Do you chew your. food properly? place. The crown and the root meet together at a place called the neck. The enamel is the outer most covering of the tooth. It makes the crown look white and shiny. - Below the enamelis the dentine. It is not as hard 3 as enamel. It is the largest part of the tooth and is yellow in colour. It supports the enamel and protects the inner most part of the tooth called the pulp. The ‘soft pulp that lies’ inside the dentine contains nerves and blood vessels. They give nourishment to the tooth. The pulp sends and receives signals from the brain. The cementum helps to hold the tooth firmly to the jaw bone and between the gums. It functions just like a cement. Neck Crown The enamel is the hardest substance in the human body.°It protects the crown from the wear and tear that occurs due to tearing, biting and chewing of food. 3 Scanned with CamScannerTypes of Teeth Anew born baby does not have teeth. A six months old baby starts getting the first tooth. Till the age of three years a child has 20 teeth. This first set of teeth is called milk or temporary teeth, Around the age of six years, the milk teeth start falling one by one. Each milk tooth is replaced by a new tooth. By the age of 13, all the milk teeth are replaced by anew set of teeth called permanent teeth. These remain throughout the life. Most of us grow four more teeth between the age 17-25 years. These are called wisdom teeth. When we look inside our mouth, we find different types of teeth. There are four types of teeth. Each type of teeth is different in shape and functions. One wisdom tooth grows at the end of each jaw. They complete the set of 32 adult teeth with 16 teeth each in the upper and lower jaw. Incisors Canines They are chisel-shaped, flat They are sharp and pointed and sharp edged front teeth. teeth. They are eight in number with They are four in number with 4 teeth in each jaw. 2 teeth in each jaw. They function like a pair of They function like a fork and scissors and help to cut food help to tear food into pieces. into small pieces. Molars Pre-molars They are bigger and wider They are broad and flat teeth. than pre-molars. They are eight in number with 4 They are 12 in number with 6 teeth in each jaw. teeth in each jaw. The wisdom teeth are the third pair of molars. They function like a nutcracker and help to crush food into fine pieces to make chewing easy. They work like a mortar and pestle to grind and chew the food. Scanned with CamScannerHealthy Teeth When we eat, food can get stuck between our teeth. If this is not cleaned, it becomes plaque. Plaque is a sticky and yellowish layer of food and bacteria, formed on the teeth, The bacteria feed on the sugar present in the food particles and produces acid. This acid causes cavities. This further affects the nerves in the pulp leading to pain and tooth decay. bios i We must keep our teeth healthy by following these habits: 1. Drink plenty of milk to get calcium to build strong teeth. 2. Brush your teeth regularly twice a day. 3. Rinse your mouth after every meal to keep it clean. 4. Get your teeth examined by a dentist after every six months. 5. Eat enough rough and hard fruits like apple, sugarcane, carrot; radish, etc. because these provide good exercise to gums. 6. Use toothpastes containing fluoride to help remove the plaque. 7. Use dental floss to clean between two teeth. Digestion of Food The food we eat cannot be digested by our body directly. It needs to be broken down into substances which can be easily absorbed by the body. The process of breaking down the food into simple form is called digestion. Scanned with CamScannerMouth: Digestion begins in the mouth, Our teeth chew and break the food into smaller pieces. Saliva makes the food softer and easy to swallow, food is passed down the food pipe to the stomach. Stomach: Digestive juices are present in the stomach. These help to digest food while stomach muscles chum it well. ver: It produces juices that play an important role in the qawestiog obtood Small Intestine: This long coiled tube is called the small intestine. Food passed from stomach is further digested here. The digested foodisin the liquid form here. Its nutrients are absorbed into the blood from the walls of this organ. The blood carries these nutrients to various parts Large intestine: Fibres cannot be absorbed by the body. ‘They are passed as undigested food into the large intestine. Its_blood , vessels absorb excess water, store and throw out the undigested semi-solid waste from the body through the anus. “The food which, - contains starch tastes sweet after chewing. Can you — tellwhy? | Digestive system Microbes Unclean mouth and teeth lead to the growth of bacteria. Bacteria are a kind of Microbes. Microbes are tiny organisms which cannot be seen with the naked eye. They grow in warm and moist conditions. Some microbes are good and some are bad for our body. The bad microbes cause diseases and are called germs. @H Scanned with CamScannerThere are four types of microbes: Bacteria = © They are single celled organisms. Viruses © They are smaller in size than bacteria. © They cause disease like chicken pox, polio, flu, common cold and dengue. © They cause diseases like tuberculosis, Pneumonia and typhoid. Protozoa © They grow on the substances which are decaying. ° They cause diseases such as athlete's foot and ringworm. * They are single-celled organisms. * They cause diseases like dysentery and malaria. Some bacteria are very helpful. They can change milk into curd, help in the digestion of roughage and carry’ out the process of rotting of dead animals and plants. Even some fungi are useful too. They are used in making bread, biscuits and medicines. Scanned with CamScannerGood Eating Habits . for our digestive system to function properly, we need to follow these good eating habits: « Wash hands before and after eating every meal. Eat slowly and chew food properly. Eat clean and freshly cooked food. Eat a balanced diet. Rinse mouth after every meal. JOWIWEKNGW a (Mind Map) = B owe properly Scanned with CamScanner1. Tick (V) against the correct option. (Multiple Choice Questions) 1. The digestion of food starts in the: (a) mouth O small intestine(_) (c) stomach 2 holds the tooth firmly to the gums. (a) enamel O © cementum O_ © dentine 3. The connects the mouth with the stomach. (a) food pipe O ©) intestine O. © liver 4. is the hardest part of a tooth. (a) Enamel O © Pulp ©. © Dentine 5. are 12 in number with 6 teeth in each jaw. (a) Incisors O ©) Molars O © Canines I. Write ’T for True and ‘F’ for False statements. 1. We have five types of teeth in our mouth. ~ 2. The dentine is the soft part of a tooth. 3. We should never brush our teeth. 4. Saliva helps in making the food soft. 5. Viruses can cause polio and chicken pox. OL. Fillin the blanks using the words from the box. are chisel shaped, sharp and flat teeth. The crown and the root of a tooth meet at Disease causing microbes are called i . The food which contains tastes sweet after chewing. The undigested food that cannot be absorbed passes into. IV. Short answer questions. What are permanent teeth? Differentiate betwen enamel and dentine. What is plaque? Define pulp. What is the main function of it in a tooth? ‘What are microbes? Name the four main types of microbes. »._ Name the four types of teeth: _@) Bi obs ye eye 5 g eae eye Scanned with CamScannery. Long answer questions, 1, Describe the various parts of a tooth. Write three differences between canines and pre-molars. Write any four tips for keeping the teeth healthy. Can microbes be useful to us? Explain. Mention any five healthy eating habits, . Explain the process of digestion in human. VL. Think and Answer. ae Rep Sahil loves to eat chocolates and sweets but does not like to brush his teeth. He is now having severe toothache. What do you think has happened to him? oo! Group Discussion Discuss in class about how to keep your teeth healthy. Project Name the microbes which cause the following diseases. One has been done for you. Typhoid =. Bacteria Chicken pox a Malaria = os Polio Tuberculosis Dysentery friends. Visit your school’s: medical room and collect information related tive measures for these diseases. Form a group of to the causes, symptoms and prevent LIFE SKILLS AVisit your dentist eve! by following the healt! ry six months and take care of your teeth and digestive system hy eating and proper brushing habits. = Scanned with CamScannerOur Food wd oe i it it Iking, runnin » pif ivitie ily lives include eating, working, playing, walking, running § Diderentactties of oar ids nourishment. We get nourishment * and talking. To do these activities, our body neet uri f fi from the food we eat. Food is very important. for all living beings to stay alive, work, grow, reproduce and stay healthy. Nutrients Food contains special substances which are useful for our body. These substances are called nutrients. The nutrients are necessary for our life and growth. There are five types of nutrients or food groups. These are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Different amounts of nutrients are present in different types of food. Food also contains water and roughage other than these nutrients. 3 Carbohydrates are energy-giving nutrients. Banana, potato, sugar, tice, wheat and maize are sources of carbohydrates. The food items like idli, chapattis and bread are rich in Banana this nutrient. Potato Rice Scanned with CamScannerin test the presence of carbohydrates Potatoes. Take one bowl and a boiled Potato, Mash it and drop some iodine solution on it, We will notice that the colour of potato turns blue-black. This shows the presence of carbohydrates in Fats are also energy-giving nutrients. They give us more energy than carbohydrates. Cream, oil, ghee, cheese, butter, almonds, groundnut and cashewnuts are rich in this nutrient. Cashewnuts When these are eaten in large amount, = extra fat gets stored in our body for . future use. F rae Butter Do you know many hibernating Ghee animals store fat in their bodies when they hibernate? Can you name such animal 3 @ Scanned with CamScannerProteins are body-building = nutrients. Meat, eggs, soya bean, milk, cheese, nuts, peas Y z 4 and pulses are rich in this Wes nutrient. They help our body to Meat Eggs grow. Our body cells keep growing in number all the time. For example, our hair and nails keep growing. Beans Cheese Vitamins and minerals Vitamins and minerals are protective nutrients. Food items like carrot, broccoli, nuts, spinach, orange, Papaya, milk, fish and meat contain different types of vitamins and Papaya minerals. These nutrients help us to fight diseases and stay healthy. Foods like milk, curd, almonds SNE and cheese are rich in a mineral i called calcium. Calcium helps in the isi Spinach iH formation of bones and teeth. Foods like green leafy vegetables, ) \ Ege carrot, beetroot and apple are rich ee in a mineral called iron. Iron helps in the production of haemoglobin and am Carrot red blood cells in our body. Orange Milk Scanned with CamScannerSS Roughage is that part of our food which we cannot digest. It is g obtained from leafy vegetables, fruits, salads and cereals. It helps our body to get rid of undigested food. Water Water is the most abundant substance in our body. About 70 per cent of the human body is made up of water. Water helps in digestion and removal of wastes from the body. | _ It regulates the body temperature. It is found in most of the foods. ~ Everyday our body loses some amount of water. To replenish this, we should drink about 8-10 glasses of water daily. Roughage A balanced diet has the right amount of nutrients, roughage and water. Its daily consumption keeps us healthy. aten in a cooked form. Cereals, pulses, meat and vegetables 1eed to be cooked to make them softer, tastier and easier to | Cooking also kills germs in food. Most of the fruits “gaze ‘some vegetables are eaten raw. Vegetables such as ber, carrot, onion and radish are eaten raw. are certain foods which we can eat raw, but ‘many are Boiling Frying Scanned with CamScannerFood Preservation Food like vegetables, fruits, dairy products and meat get spoiled easily in air and moisture. This happens due to the presence of microbes in the air. The process of Gy Protecting food from getting spoiled and keeping it safe to eat for longer time is called preservation of food. Food can be preserved by the following ways: a Drying 2 \t is the process of removing water content from food. For example, drying grapes to get raisins. Pickling Itis the process of mixing fruits and vegetables with salt and oil. For example, mixing mango, lime and other vegetables with oil and salt. Refrigerating i It is a process of keeping food in the refrigerator to preserve | it for a short time. For example, keeping cooked food and | fresh vegetables in the refrigerator. Deep freezing It is a process of keeping food in the freezer to preserve it for a long time. For example, keeping meat and fish in the freezer. Canning and bottling It is a process of storing food in cans and bottles. For example, bottling of sauces and jams. Scanned with CamScannerPickling = L. Tick (V) against the correct option. (Multiple Choice Questions) 1. Weget____ from food. (a) work O ©) nourishment (} (¢) force 2. Sugar contains : (a) fats Ow carbohydrates(_) (c) vitamins 3. can spoil food. i (a) Germs O ©) Proteins O © Fats Scanned with CamScanner4. About 70% of human body is made up of (a) water O ® minerals O © aarbohydrates rs 5. Which of the following is a method of food preservation? Fs (a) Freezing -O © Boiling O © Bothaandb w Write T for True and ‘F’ for False statements. : 1. Food items rich in fats are called energy-giving food. A balanced diet has the right amount of all the nutrients. 2 3. 4. 5. Iron helps in the production of haemoglobin. IL Fill in the blanks using the words from the box. 1. helps in the formation of bones and teeth. 2 are body-building nutrients. 3. We cannot digest : 4. 5. . Refrigerating is a method of food. . Cooking kills in food. IV. Short answer questions: 1. What are nutrients? 2. Why do we need food? 3. Name the various types of nutrients with two examples of each. 4, Define food preservation. 5. Why is calcium needed by our body? Name the food items that are rich in calcium. 6. Why are carbohydrates called energy giving foods? 7. Why does our body need proteins? Name the food items that are rich in proteins. Scanned with CamScannerV. Long answer questions, 1. 2 3. 4. 5. VIL Think and Answer. . t Naina is 6 years old and her grandmother is 65 years old. They are eating their lunch | together. Who among them should eat a protein-rich diet more than the other? Give reason for your answer. Why are vitamins and minerals called protective nutrients? What is roughage? How does it help us? Give three examples of food items that contain roughage. Explain any four methods of food preservation. Explain the role of water in our body. What do you understand by a balanced diet? What should it contain? Explore How can we find out the following information about any packed food item? © Whether it is a vegetarian or a non-vegetarian food: Its nutrient contents: Project Discuss with your parents and make a list of healthy and unhealthy food items. Then. prepare a meal chart that consists of a balanced diet for your family. Scanned with CamScannerActivity Name two different ways used to cook food. Write the names of two items each which are cooked using those ways. Food cooked Method Food cooked SS LIFE SKILLS Before buying any packaged food item, read the nutritional facts or chart mentioned on it. This will help you to know the nutritional value of that food item. Take the advice from your elders in selecting healthy foods. —@) Scanned with CamScanneredits Gl Ags 1 {A. Tick (/) against the correct option. (Multiple Choice Questions). 1. Green leaves contains (a) energy (CFD @chiorophyt.. () © sugar 2. The flat part of a leaf is called y (@) stalk. ( @vein CO) @bade 3, Mangrove trees grow in iceaat (2) plain OC wdesert C @marshy 4, Hollow bones are found in : (a) lions CD. Mtigers DC birds 5, The young cockroach is called a : (a) tadpole ()_ ©) nymph (© maggot 6. ______ connects the mouth with the stomach. (a) liver O (b) tongue (J (©) food pipe 7, ______ is the hardest part of a tooth. (@) pulp (CF Wenamel (CD dentine 8 can spoil food. (@) protiens O wet O) germs B, Fill in the blanks. The outer covering of an egg is called lives in or on the body of host. A_____ isa migratory bird. Aweater lily isa aquatic plant. Plants store extra food in the form of, food. Frying is a method of ‘The crown and the root of a tooth meet at the : Disease causing microbes are called : ep Nae es ey O O 0 O O O O O Scanned with CamScanner1 Naueowp ge C. Write for True and ‘F for False statements. Fungi feed on decaying plants and animals. D. Write three adaptations of aquatic animals. tin, Leaf apex attaches a leaf to the stem. ees Mountains are terrestrial habitat of plants. eat Bats have wings made up of thin skin. . tees A duster of a frog’s egg is called spawn. 22s We should never brush our teeth. ae Roughage helps the body to get rid of undigested food. oe . A balanced diet contains all the nutrients in the right amount. ae E. In the given space, draw and label the structure of an egg. 'F. Label the part of a tooth in the picture given below. | Scanned with CamScanner