[indie tlemieti< § J
Fuaally, we take News {Mae}
ask nore tht Tro) 901s.) [etl © ith ssle
J
aS Wa reqnitd fb dhe Log ss tesk Ve
MV) Ae GA, it is cragh the ling Ya= Ye
ls Se sa Yen)
We wart to she | U—Vel
We vemnk as | tote). Leth
ter teal tt)
Now we want tr fl Cacbthing so tht
Che by Haetl as soll, od
Lhe bdr Heal FEL is nt fo sual
as ~X = by”)
gnall
is small”+t
Bitten Take p= ME) pat ty lind ddihn,
We get Me sh. Trove} > Tle tle
Ay th, -ilc ete => “Wetec te lthet
8, we see wt \tn lo lel f n7Ne-
Ths, lab ltl> Eo & woe
Tage Tate eee Whee Cade UE is the bad
anh play rh Lok defition foe te Ole)
We gc Mz st. Ener} => Lle-tle weed
By woudl, noe tee N= wo Np, Nr},
so CnoNl> J it! ure
L Teal ttl < ee
7
=i . ee
as vequied fie Oy), ~
E t Sek
Exids Ug We bg EOL Cb, ALO)
aud sinilely Be Yor Yotven
Wat liq BEE= ty Ee a)
hon Wad eee TO
Since V2, Yay ht ce Cowergentty we cm ayy ol
ad He EE a2, 4
E ames Find Uy mst —
hae ten>
+ 7
Satis Reva oo Mig EAA, ant wo Th 2
ae comueegnk, he tinh s
= la on ee
re nt-0°Sel Fdetler Shue dheatl, Fa ddihs tht lig bene
The, lin, 2 5 =O
nee yt etn
Ta the met seca, uct ll see Vie te andi qyquiny Ren
efit tt Sel heck pruct of the amyl.
CGC Unfinke Lads
Diverget sequences are not alt the same:
Compe Oger wth bye CA en,
Althyh an duerm't get “clare od clue” & anything,
TE dacs 9k “binge aah bigge”, unlike by o- ey
Defra: We say thet a velriael sequen 6 divyn bes
ord wale le $,=00
if VM20, BN suck tht CroN1=>Cs,,2™]
Similucly, Sa Aiveges tb-co Clin seo)
of VMo0, FN watt Leow [s.<-M]
dey Just as € Vvepeent — aeb clseness
ae.
Ve \su-slee,
M vepeerabd dirliteily lege,
The dafivha says that Be any “tha oF lacgenen ”
Yor Uke, Ene some Wn bynd Wh 5,
TS pleas lager Hen your theeshld,
Examples Um, WE 02, ar Fir any M20 we cm tke MoM,
The [neh = Lor].+6
SUE-crakiLean): She thd ig I =00
Slf-cluk Jw; Shue tod if Gay S222, thal Un Ss =99
Thesremy Chvithnedic of Tafoste Linds)
Leb Cad, Gd, Hed) be veel sequences,
wk
ieee aw vabmunbee
bak i te PP nd lig tance
then
i) lon A Sy Fee
howe
lin Sa ttn FOe
i) a sete eee
ii) DE 20, they lin nea = 99
TE 60, then int eT?
iv) Von “fh =O,
The proufs ofall ucts ove sive tr iden to thse uf th Andtach
uF Cink) Links, Les pone G4) an eu!
GY Since rb Comergt, TE Is buded, 50 thee 18. Sime
vesk wunbe Y sutht fea, \y)e¥.
Now gin £70, ply Mo= DE rb KM Naaadine”
povided by the defiibin of im sree,
\ke 5¢ an M sh Ln] > [0<™, <5 1
2 locken gl
For ty sume NM, we ee
Lw) => [1G \o,< dee J
as desi, e47
The vevraintyy part of Rolls are an excellat alfrteler
execere, You wight FA Pak (2) pactielely cary Jealghtening,
Lats ales Latent sue exams of the we of AeTL:
Exaada Fd lig SE
Qty enh «
I ne CBRE) By kelp bf
elo 2S
Thus, b, AeLls, toy ws ( 5). co.
tae
of Caged, ed) Infivho” This ts actifeent mayb
wuk th ATL?s theres,
Aritnehe of Gogol Meal) Disfer thos
Gen rel, we defic
i) reo trsteo, 02 +00=00, —ca-coz-co |
it) ed+002 Ceel(-ce)=00, (00) 00 =- 00
Ti) DE oO then roozce; iF re0, the riso=-ee,
i Aeo=O,
Hece, ends rack Comers to and Summarizes the Suineer humboa!
yor of KoDL’s
Bute
Exum lig “Sa Capen)
Latins 3 BY) 2 og SD OL BL
Glens stag (ADE) = os TD tee gn
I> 7 Sued
Ears tia Bh
sides TL (3a) > (29) 080
noe 1hat
Maier We hae given yo defintin ty the expreninr Ciaddeninte fins)
3E O-Gee), (foo) (tee), &,
Thee exprsion are famall, unlifind, although we eill
Often be mble ty Find meanicg fir thon by the content
oF a particule preblen,
Remeki The deretic A aadkirhyal $ teed yay
Wace Stn iw precrny Course ae “Bull” Fone toby
of the iddenink fier 2 a O-co,
Yon cal say Hak Calls 15 the ack ancl Anatyin th
theory OF giving ther tndetonind fins
Meaning, th A specific contort,
a uschl
To dw that wo global meaniny of thor releferniah fens
is poll, we lade ab screnl erccenples,
Exams: CLinths of the dddemink fa 22)
We shued lig | Wa er, By AD Ly, ale lig Baz ee
nk Lim Wee,
The filling all Me hdlebenah fin Se
Ze!
eo lig Re ti de.
ela 34 = bey 3 3.
ela = len n= er
elim Te = IK he O
Seco the ronthyy lads ave all difed, “2°
can hme ne gla definhs,
Kl frchaki Find suiler example fe “oe -00”_ a a - a 49
LE yon are eee temyhd > ene a fier We Ba B
»K a3 an answer on you hunewels the bis Maly *K
Khe yun hare “mised the poi “of the poblen!
The formel expeerin '% "iy abs pratlearh, as
a small mambes cla te 0, may be patie orngdte
Exams Alte Ug A= 0,
(Neuf | VA e OW? %e 5. te Ne Ye, a)
wehne — lig ay, * Vig On
why neithe cmveges, nur chess ty Too,
(Profs For any M70, ewy tun wr bay enh
whle cay odd 2M ey CW cM
Thus the sequeee hoe not dace W-co o- tee,
bat has unbemadd, renee nd correegerby 2) 4
awe, 2 we robot 6 sequence eth all vale pote
the shah is a5 yo might expats
Properituns Let (5.1 be & Sequence of poate veal nunbes,
Then lig 0 S20 ifodabif ling Y= 00
Hor equialedy
lin = oo Fado if Ug Ys, 20.
Prodi Fick, the tee stitemets ove equiveleat by Oncheapiy
se with t= Yu,
Mary since He detent says “iF and only if
we must proc tay implications,
C=) iaplcs” or Monty if”
(S) Us Ald by oe
CWrile shetty 0 Yo,
Ven tht V5. > Ye =
As Meee thy shes tht YM 20 TNL Lowe Yoo
as dosed, “
ek Ms fin MoTLs pet Oo Vv wi
E ccseyte le 2
Smee Uy witndeeo by AT Ls,
D. Manchne Gauences Lin, aad Completeness
Recalls The — Conpleenesy of IR Thewwems (Orde Ursin) tells vo
Eck — bounded substs of IR hace sup onda Cralnuabs)
Miso veeall thet we ell a sequence bordel iF ib range is banda,
4 7
Defivtin A sequece (5a) of ved number is
kb) iaccenrign WF Wn, San 255
andis chribh, snuceasiong iFM, Su? Sas
Srila, (5) ty Qwenkely) deci TF Va, Savy ES
and” stably San SS
h Sequence is Munstin or tenitont f edhe heceainy o-dkewuty
Evxcanpls (ade U- Yr)= (0,%, % %, He.)
is tacetang, — Dandecd, iby stadt, teensy,
Oc ne Vee HS WS5)
Exanples: bye n, cae le ty ae bah treccatiay
whale dae Mar, Cae Ao) ae OAK deceening,
By corttak sequtne > EK Cheering and decry, (ly?)
Kabersdet 5.2% is nk morebnic,
Meith is the sequence recasivtly cbt
by ve tO Vane tn tA DEL
(S Crnde (0,385,408)
DAL of the exanplis abe of wonckoric sequences Conmerye,
except fie Baan®, whith iy nd eres bundle, anol
wah dives t 00,
This is ne acide!
Tewren; (Mentone Sequeres )
Le& Cs. be a manctine sequence,
YN LF Gd iy bonded, ther C5.) converges,
DLE Gd is unbounded, ther
lin 6, = eo TF 5. is inetasing
or Wim Sa FTO TF os, 5 decensing,
Exanplsio V= Vor is buundisl (by 1) and treveasiay
ene Conveegat, We an she tt Gmeyy bf,
C7 om odeitina’ argunnt)
e wens (mtn is unbounded — (uhy?)
anh is tneeutg fur wi
Thy, lin Won 60
Remark’ Marie thet thee are run-mundine sequen thet Convey,
Uke CU Ya,St
Peuks (af MS Then),
VW Wlog, we can assume Os.) \s increasing,
(Otherwise Usa is decuaty, 50 E52) is trceasing,
$e lg S22 7 Ugo towese, )
By Caryl of TR, ue can Fink
sa sap (5,1 0EIN3 the supreme of He vane of
Cote a) 5s bude)
Wel she that lig snes.
Gia €70, cori 5-8, Mw
8) Since $y the Lert syne bak C5),
the is sme Nw tht se sy lgsh ese)
bY Sime Gad ty erasing, We heree
Sy S Son S Sure So
So Udy welled /vecarsion) , we see thet
Cro) = Creek, cae ed
=D 5-€6 5, S 5,7 Sun:
Rearmanging with alyebn ghaus thet
) 0< S-S,Lisislessnced,
as desied
| DAs bebe, assume vlog thet Gs) is tering
| CGE sclake Whet iF G5) is decreasing? )
Matter Sree (5) is wnboded, iF conat posrilly & ened, |
| Giver M20, since $4 15 unbundl Ehre U5 same M
| sy tht som.SB
but nw, sree Sa 1S Dherensieg, we hae
Sw SSeS Sue Se Coat Uke & ek 1),
& Mesos. fe any wed.
Ay M0 ew abbey, weve then WMO, Ish Tool oLs. 2],
as desiel, a
The Mundin Sequeres Themen is partalety web fir dans
wath vrenste —sequerets,
) Lek CF be the Fibonnce’ sequence (Q1123,...)
As FeeSrSaa, the sequence ts cleoky recess,
SelFrchecke Shar tet Ga) 0 unbounded.
Tho, by the MST, lig Sam ee
Ex
Enum LEE Coad beveesiely dial by 5523. Sine SR fem
Fed lin Sa, Or She it diveyes,
Saution We stat by inspuctisy the sequence (3,2 %, Ae...
Te Lda plauyle thet ib is decrensing,
Morea iF ib Conmeges,
ther Vg Sat lL Sa (ua,?)
Nove we see fir hak the Lint ral be te bes
Le se Vin 5 Wl San = 3
So Ustasted, 50S wel be VS o SR
Glee a Fee Bie sted, we ae led te shes
Lemmas For any wel wehave US San &Sn 3.
Sein patted Su 15 deceeashy av bounded,
Pek, We pred by traduction on
Bo cor neh: wed <3e3 “
Se54
Tidadve tyr (We car assure US .,, -B)>0
S 5... 73, Ub telat!
bo eB) a
Now, since (S.) is decreniny arch brn sting Sn exch.
By previos Glealehn, 5203 ve VR,
anh a S203 fir alk wa he pollen => 5203, %
Be Castionory Tle fly welve seen, 524-7 ew nw lint,
Bat iF we arsine $= len sa exnb, thy
Se im Sat beng Sat > ley _-s.e-s
55 Se-3 , which eylo =O,
Al of tes iy nese, as the tink 5s do ad ook
bE ue Mths why the teal me med they 6
Spply the ST in the preceding example was rally necenay!!
Recalls If 65.) come, ther 6) is andl Cay were shel,
Thy th MST gic a patal amen t thy
whey (Sa) is aly roncbne,s
A Hea nde eury sequent hay a Unk, any thereory
sequence Ue bag a lint or ele dines b 2 (by M51),
We can use ths fh ductbe aeynpbbe behave oF squese)
Withel — Uaits as Sloss Eis boondeh frum above
Cian 6 Sequrig (Sn), we Gr defor a meuguclted
Sequence Gal by in= Sup {sa rman,
As fo, smand2 Gsarmomedd,
the sequence Ln iF deceasing, hence abe
he a Vek oe Aivey be -09,
Defichng Fur a sequewe Ca) of rel nuns, we lt
lin sup nef li sap $ sr m7nd UF 5, boned
oe Foe abee, oe
oR 5, nt beaded Perabo,
Sinledy,
(ion io amt ta Fsn mond oF 5, bull Fable
tees,
They, Unsap is the anh of th segue by tht
Aiseussed abe! Th pedicles Un sup and lin nf
defved
=o
ge alerys
Lemme, Fee a bonded sequece 65),
ve ha lininf'sy = lin sup
PR Te is clare Fon difishe tht sup Esarmmnd 2H Gsm}
Thas Sup (sysmond HF fs, mond zo,
Thar (by bed, Lon sap So > lin fs, =o a
Eneangls Athagh 5,2 EN" deo nk comeegty we hac
Lin sup CNT = 1, ad Ueninf N29, 456
Exange, Fir in2 Vn we Ince
lim sap Ya= loa. sup & Yn
mon}
(Ya, Vs, Vay ee Je hg ge=0
Vig “rd Yous woud
= bn, (0,00
Nahe tht, coitat, ce
= lea
wale tininf Ya
,-- =O,
the sup of the vaye of Ya ie Ly
Lattin’
Umsup ss ts the largest value thet 5. “gas clase br”
Ga the sere
of Lint) infin, ofl
Wak bon inF 1s the somallel vale thet Sa “gdir clacb” coly fly
Thee is a asda rilahiohly betwen
Lim sap, lem inf) and Wins
Theorems Let Cs.) be vrl-ealeed sequente, and 5 be elf aval
number,
Then
Ley
$22 0- -co,
Qoce Su FS
S> Lin saps, = haids 5.
Prod
Chs ith the Lat tine we sa DP weit shel) ad)
(S)5 Fesk we consider the cae hee $s areal qeenlie
Then
lig, sues tlh us tat We rd AM Dowd |s,-slee,
Tn pactalag fir W>M we bac
S-Ee au st TnI L [Link]\
dad in thy sthutin fea gin 1 aly
vf £ Sa! u7N >.
As lemanP 5.2 Be any M20 we tut hae Iimiefincce,
Frslly, the cor whee S262 isentily sine
t tht Ue Saco. ww
(=): Fist, corde the care whee § ib @ real muenle,
ond suppor lta sap sae lin eh sizs,
Sse lin Sup Sa = lin Say Sn mony
we Kae OM, sh Ls sup sn! wm 2nrMy 3] <é
Srmledy, BMae sh Ls - uk Csue mrnrWegl Se,
Bs weve dene bei, ike = theo (Ming, Mig,
Nuw we have Orde!
S-E dink { Sat mo} gsup {5.2 woW3 < Ste
Bak by dhefatin oF snp, wf, tar tel us thet
When wWi7N, abe S-€¢ Se Ste
te tht Uno = Isa-slet
Since € iw abbey, thir shor the lim sa=8,
SelE-check Jhomeneks Finyh th poof f ) in
the coe whee sztoo,ek
Encenples 6 Gye Yin =O, 50 Vimsnp Ya> lim ah Yn =O,
@ Smeg CA =| whe Cini CMSA, ve
gt a Slut Inter yewh Hak bog A der wick cog,
he
An enry ond usehel corallary te the theren
Cocdllacry C Sundwich Treven) Case called the SquccteTha)
TE Cr), Cd, ark CE) ere eecralead sequenes
so thet Mee ete Cheat wn)
and Vea ae lig beak
ten abe li snl.
Pickuce
Peufr Stace fir each nN Vn eS
we alo get inf £ vn swan} Sink {52 mond
and so lin of nH, < linnfs.
By an entintly similar aegumnt, Lin saps. & lin my,
Now we amply the theaen trie!
Le bin cap a= lin infra, = lin sup ba = lin tf by,
Serce Llin fig € liminf 5, & lin Sup. < lin Sapte
we ba Le bin saps, = lin fs,
and by a La oyplicdin of te there,
lin oo 5,2k a
hae
SelE rch: (a bk bude? Prove. the Sendvidh Thane ality
Fron €/V defixtvs?59
Nadie he the lam sup’s Jin HPS Leb us aveid any
delict Aargunets vf €* and N51!
CR Sadi Teoen)
0 Fuck ae Ke
Siristions Sree, Vat & Nye 2 Yt
ark Wig Yat align =0
ale Neg ut = 0 A CSenduah The)
eo Ra lin sine
Solty, T assume yor veeall Ran high schol thet
fray nv le senel
The, a eo Se ed
aad she lin “Ye tha M20
Toe
ale lin £88 =0, ~
CSedih th)
© Find ley anes asi the Gad ah Thea
Slew See TneBo neg abe Oaghy <4
and shee lig O07 lin Mn =O
Bae we
8
als lia a=
Oo.
CRat Tike the Abeby of binds appuch bette! )
Moe on Complitene of IR
Our Ovder Vesin of Caryletenes of Ro says thet
sups/ infr of banded ss of web — exist Condkare vel),
The Monctou Sequin. Theme is almat a ritonnt of thir
Onk exrstince of Links of mend segues) Caldabs,
be alld Completers — Ehcarton,
Mather Wl fir @,60
Bath rely stony on the onde HR,
Our werk gual is a wee fier of “Completers ” of
Trderdint of onder
Defivtin A sequeree Con) of reel nambes is: called a
Candry sequen iF /
Veoo AN sh Cm neN VL isnslee |
Watts The defintion of 9 Coucry sequent 18 Very stellen
ty that of corvegerce. The AifReecer Trsheack
ae
tek co pon Sa getting “cle ad chou” ba kinks
w@ nv 9s lage,
Coty We reque pus n,5q te get “ele adele”
to each othe a3 nin gk lage,
Exum Let saz Ya, and (gra €) tke Me %
Ths tf wane they \sa— sm) Zlsabelon)
otrhe Srb&e-e
$5 Va is Candey, Sequees
Exuder Let (5.= C14, 141, Ve4l4 be Che pacha! dednal
expensins of V2.
We will see Cor yor Can shun tum a a sel frbek)
Hak 5 is Canty,
Nokee thd the definds of Coucly for this squsee
ght maker seve iF yore reer heed of IP
or other webind nunbes!The falluiag resell halls cum if we vephe Renth @
Peopatos, Lee Gs.) be a sequenee taktig vals IR
ack wy Lit Comeeging Cb a uumnbrin IR),
The (sd iy a
Couchy sequence,
Profi Ginn £50,
take €y>% and play &
dif» of lint, foto, Nod, ToT Is,-sleex
Gwe $= ley sa),
OF couse the
Thas,
sume hes fie ay 7M ay will!
7
\s-snlelsa-s a sos.l2™ [siesta lscsl
Arh €
Whincne WKeN, as derted a
The convene abe hil fir thera R, &t yt © @,
Dacsrrs CCompldencn of RB, Comdhy, sequenn vortn)
A veal-veleed sequence
convege
& ths «
Contry sequence,
Prof As usnal, we consi 2) anh =)
(SD): Ty the preceding prvporttien,
GE) By a press thar, tt is enuigh by shee that
lin sup 5, = lininfs. Fim aan orbibracy, Conchy 564, Su.
wh vel velees
Gace 5, is vealeenbed, iE hey vel-amled Casy, bef),
By defintor of Canchry seq
Ver, AM sk EomoN Dep Isesatced,
D ~ £45 -SA5E
Ln partials Sy E S55, S54 aad ly Ibny teay,
Smo 8S inf £5, 1 WIWB < say Fe cnr e5, 4¢
Thos, Sarte lina s, & limsap sy ese
Car the “tk sequence” ty teceating, the “Hap Squecee ” Acrenny,)62
Myo, sg 8 = bins,
Smt & = lininfs, +2 ee,
Su Nim inksn © Un sups, € Sant €S bininls, re,
Aad sree £ can be thay te be aebibnity sual
we mob Trae NiminF 52 bin supsa y Comply the pak if
The defn oF Canihy aque + Cony complies
wil someting be a wcll tl fe uy late, Tt libs
She sequece is comegat, wihak fivay whe tt
( loveses tb,
Erxangles For Sy Be hal dedal expaniny of vz,
we we CB man)
Sun = 0,00... CHET
Wie ves digh fin 5,
As they wy salle thy Mo, writh gua he &
the sequence 0» Cancry, Asitis Coady tis
Are Convergent (bat andre Aegumet 6 heeded L FeA
wht it cameger te.) 2
a
E. binds and Completenss in
Were talked abnt ints and Conrergance tr R
Well nov de the seme Be C, The fist thay that
We'll need ts « nation of dlishnce ao €,
Definitions The per , 0” Wangale, of eearbied
ww lel
The vidstor is the sume @ fir abylk vale in R,
Soe Jae Oleta® is the absdote value fa,
this will cause no confusion,Reall tht f ze arbi, He cuplor endgdt of 2
is Be a-bi, We sue thet g-Zoaéeb®,
The, lel= @E, Mave tet lel-lZl, ant btaraw,
Eo Ldetle | 2-t)=0r
4-3-5
\-3)=}3123.
Lemme (Bane fads abut Tl in ©
Let 2 ad w be comple numbes, Ther
) Tf 2-0, thy Veleo, Othenie, lel>0,
i) 2= K%= Yor.
it) leewlelel-lul
WW 24Z is a vel mumbe with 24% L la-elee|6s
Mae tht the ea ty tet change weeny Fan ln
WR blab KH Cb th aw le EC
ond Tarel is the cuyloe urn — Cinrbout
of veal abstr ecb),
EPond M an sb val,
€ sll “cates arbbrey cloenes”
N still” Gabel aebheny largenett”,
Observes LE Cou) is & veal-veleed Sequence,
the bis abe Conploe ~ ralaed.
Bat since Worm gees J abel elec iQ R,
the defirtr, of lot oe Raw we © alse agree,
wae a E conploe
Thus ony leq vel sequence 1
a Oe
Exonds Th squee (2m) gn by Ae?
wy GleCh ya lyi aa.
hha no bends
We con shar thet By deer nt Converge
exedly sinlel, the ef tet CI
dees wt Cameeryes = we shar 1h lint wah
be btK 1 ad
CSelf= clack Werle dln the deb) )
The sequen CW giver by Wat
converge ty 0,
1 Gun £70 we tke Me %
tee | M-ol= |= Ke =%
ice exactly, wh we, 4
FE
anh66
Enengl: The sequne ape wit (3- EYE conegs b Fi
Guledtiny We luk at the quentihy that we need ty boundl,
and apply the O- inequality.
(\C4+ G-S)d- Coss]
"
I
+
|
°.
nt
Lyd
SR +E by Oriney
Mow, either by Rul ov by an easy diet arqumet,
tay 4 +R =0
hones
& Vero, AM od, LwoN1] = Os ht Bce
Thas also
(nrovl => |4 rSilet tae as deral
Vey ,
V2, -34 Y
The iden of this Lat satin os that if 2, is clo be
B= OB we bEN veal ancl Dnaginary parts
ther 2, Is ale clac acceding tv
the distae in C,
In the pictur, the ciccle vepresnts
puts wil € —— Cemplendhishne of O1 3t ”
ond — the diamond re prexns
“pants with sum at vil dite fb 0
Ord imugrncy dither & Bi E
CS. the pide iMliateds he O-treq ually argument.)
We con use THs same den velabe Lint oPquencer hy C
with the lin of the val and imaginary parts,
C5, tHe will Lee as Use all our geek rents fir Ruth C1)o
Theorem For a sequne Bn =Ont bi of Camplee nunbes,
we hae thet 2. Garveges as a Complve sequmree
ty log _@= Beart
iF, and only cf
bets Lag ant a and lig baad.
Profs As ws we wrest pe C9) rh ).
Sls We wrk simtlely te the lat exanple!
We wart — covtitiny Whee
Vaan 2le \ anrbat — Carbil| ional
anh we be by Bint, thal
lene 4 lap-al + [bi -bil
= lar-al 4 Vb.-bl.
Sic i ta otk Ling baa,
gun £20 we take > %,
ant en fd Ma st. Duo Dlawnalee)
Me sh CoM S90 o-bleed
wc take Me vee Me, M3,
od the leet ela-altlbeble Ar%=€
as cheied, ~~
GC) We we gen Hat lane?
so Ver0, $M st Cao = [laelee]
w Ch asrbi -Ganl wo 4) + (BR)
= Bro, OZ E-= V-
ine 3-0 by Role tg, pr Tn, ,
Example / Linn: LE 2€C Ww lelel
en Cr
Slatin Stree Valet tt filler finn the Inmeneke Ebat
lig, lel =0 Cas a veal sequence)
Moe Vetolelel=lel™ Gy fe-e-delettel-tel),
The NM guarenked by log V2I"=0 thas
als yields Nal ce, ~
Conpletenor MC: Atha E har we ncenl ” gedles
and 52 Hee tye ard Cumpleberors,
fee ts
a vratunl omalegne of Canchy conpldenes,
Defines. A sequence C2) of Complex numbes is
complex Cawhy sequera if
Vero, BN st. CamoN] => Liacenl LdG., dee].
Ta ractenles the presume diving of links iy Rant €
dre the Special Cyu whee ALsy = lx-yl.
venlle
The GD that Compl comergeree & cquicll ( conersene ty
veel and tnnginery pads
is cll, veld © A Sinlle Cyntebnce bebmern (ir ,)
oad CRA),7
Peopodivr Cane a sequence Ca) of pid in the sf IRE
We ‘be Lig Sas ik ARS dL)
CF and oly of log G25 IS CRS, a),
SclFhaley Ardy the pruf that lig aa tbat =atbi
=> lin asa ad le bb
Cemally thr WML beawe we Gan put a seal
“dsc” wl €™ vadins wet A, toil a
“doe” uf & vadiay wrt de and vie -vern,
Dishanes are veel nambes ay rey mela space,
We Inve the filleing velttin bebreer lint tM ond lind HR,
Pesportins Let (sn) be ® squece of put is wedi space (MGA,
We hae lin S25 UF ok oly of lig AG 12 0
Cater STD
Profi Obie tek the tue definhay ace the seme up b cavalo
eo Verd, AN st [nov] => C dls,s) dla nde
Naty Candy sequences tH IR © ave Specul cass of tho defiahn,
We sue that a cmenet segue Ryle Q) is Canby, Moe gereally,
CLE Ga) iso Sequence of pun mabye spree (Md)
Shs) is coweget (se big 25)
ther (sn) Canhy Sequence
Sheth A pads Ayply O- trequrbly: Abs.) nekeM
50 Alsng, SSE, OS Venue @
Erase, Sime Wy Ya=0 the subg 72%, Yon, Mt)
all Mee the Same Liew,AL the h
hws
Shee om Sebscqunce
vile andthe
danke pref thet
Contiory tes se Cs
Conmeget subsequarces
Tndeed, comes
Conwe-ser
ths
This shaty vith GN is
We Wbedme termdaleyy!
Definbon We ty that a sequence
weber (Md)
spece
woe Conenech
cw
6
it
(1 ook CH)
tw 4 Lo acabt sa)
& 1
cH,
Bb dieget,
Tmapertat ond te-cstny,
Gal oF pots &
has
aceummbtin pant iF wala.
sabserurce (rey)
rasan
Suny fir Some,
of Cs).
Definton, BF a subsequee of a vealousbad sequene Cs.)
diuss ty oo Cor w-oo),
tha ec sey (6y) by an accumsan pot At co.
be on Ss),
Ercan (A re eentlshy yots at 1)
An . “4k ce, -00,
Eranpl: The veal yet of 7 ye segue €9,,-1,0,1yeee)
and — iy gecamltin punts at 41,0,-4,
Arccumbction yuints
at too gic Wan alhemtic Ly
fy fale abit Unlinded sequins, 09 the fillady lemme fells,
Lemins Ae veel valet 6s)
Sequence,
ty Wa an acunnlten pet 4 oo SD 5.) hey te bond femal, al
i"
co ID hay ne baa fen bel”
Vouk Fisk, notte thet Gi) filles flown (by malty by-ks
Wag Sine = ao & Van Sag EO
ond VM, deel 5, 9M <> VM, Ale o/s, e-,
So ik suf te pe We vethy Go) ot ©),
©): Bs Subsequerer —Syg Adegen bv OD
VM>0 AV sh LkeM1l > 5, 5M.
Th pls tet a ache, M & nk abet fr aber fg,
Go Ane 524.)
©: Recarvitly defvc PRA ses subsequence We of IM.
by med, and so tht ray is the leat
rebel wth We Me ard Say > ral Kel 64.)
(the st of such 7 nunbs is Nrerenyhy ste Sn wll
So Wey 5 well-clefid a IN Calva)
Mow Sig 15 (nerenty By Corrbeactos
ad Urbordil 49 Sag? M
hes aceanalrhn pt atoo, tf
Sa =, 62 Sm
go My 7
koe
We Car meke a sinilae sttemet for aceunmbtin at «ved nue
with LH eee eee
The Filleiny says Heb on excaamaltin putt of syd a pt
tht 5. ty achibanl, cle te, cody often,
verl-vilud —sequere O.),
accannlits part at vel nunbe
the st (nel: Is-vleed
As an infale set,
Lem Far g
On) har on
Sf my £70Peasy As usual, we must prac bah direchins,
(Say Selet No co tht Igorice fe kW,
here Su a subscquene Qnegiy &
Vow fn, : K2N3 is on infalle at! v7
GY Smee Ene: Isle €3 is an infin se
in partinlae ib is menenyty, Use ty Rael a nbiaquence!
Thuy we can recwstely defrc ny, by stg n=l
aud letters Va, be the east numb Me
Such thet 1S, -vl < Mey.
Mw, gu, €70, iFue tke Me ve
thy [eon] > [ls -r lean twee]
a3 desred ty show lig Sng =e
Stee Verve frvnd a Subrquene Greeging bo om is an
Accumulation poral,
Rermackt The lemma Says thet aactannlitin pond are these
Whue infill, pany valees of the sequence.
an arbitrarly close,
Exwndes Tt is posite tb litt eecy vation sunk tn
& Sequence, — (You way find this surprising! )
Fe example, one Sqvenee dn that libs evey
vrumb- in @" exntly once is gir ay Pleas:9
Ste the ce fail, waaay vebonl in any neenaby
dternl te puchale the ae orl
7 my
ratesl in cach heel of he fax Coe ves)
Che €70), Thus, thee ace dfukely many
vals of wo sa that Vaqyrle ec Ray <9 v0,
Thus, weer Caleta that Ceey portthe rel numb
Js an cambha pratef G.). Sirlel, fi 0,
So the et of ace ph of G) wR,
Gelfmebule, Hoe can we fish a Sequnce Ya waith tek on
wey wk G7? — Crethee baa vabrtty b @),
Our not gel!
Theses ( Bulean - Weiestav, 1817)
Euy bundled — Sequerce
of vel nunbis he
Conuegert subsequence
Eauivnlutly ery bonded cequarce of red Marks hay
a
a red
accamlehn pork,
(OF couse any wnbovled cequirwe has an acoumeldty
yt al roo! )
AL oF the wek of paty BAZ is handled
by the filles, omen
Lemmst Eu, sequerwe C5.)
of pal nunbes
hes an Cinfiwk)
vacnabene subsequoce.Be
Sree omy subeguunce OF A bowed sequexe is Banded Comet)
And amy — bowded verde Subsequete Coneeryss,
Bly wll fille oree ve pwr HR Leming, 4%
Prot (of Linen)
CM sequence ety 5, hom «af sis
gre Hen ey ety tht filles, (That is,
iF Varn, sadsa.)
Thy, of 5, 1s wd dentnh ther thee iy at wy 0
One men sv tht sas.
Noe tree ae tre posibitbers
GocE: LF Gy) by afk many derrat teeny
tee LE yy be HE dnd tery
mo -- MN
hye CO .
Mow Su, 2 Sa? Sng? — 7 Se P== Ws 4 shridl,
Accrearry subsequree, aah tH pucrele & wedar,
CoeDsy TF Bane oe tay intl, may diner tomy
ther let wad be the tat pada Ft,
Now sree Sum, ty et ham, Ben? Hf Ss 2m,
Dang rung tf Sng? Sn,
ak Su
oh Samy Fagg, 2 Sig, Za,
Mor (Sie) iF an tnecensing subrequine,
$a rundink ca]e
The Bolzany-Wei-frus Therm now fillus, alas B- Freel
Proof of Bw Taos):
Lek (5) be a bud sequrce of veal nunbes,
By He Lemma, 6) har a monetonic gubrquene Gy),
Ks 5a is bawded, EE Urner by definition thu Coan) ig bonded,
Noe by the Muncne Sequece Thee, Say Comeyes, a
Well Rd the Bilrer-Weiesta Theor usctil Lele 6 the cause,
whe we shdy continnay functions
Thee) abe Belew -Wiiertiar Thuwn fr ©
Trees Candas Bulean —Wicsbras)
Erey budled sequence of complere number ras a cameryert subiieres
Pra We'll apply the veel BU ture: one $0 sequence thy
aga ty the ronlty, subsequence,
Let Bisartib, bem bowrdlel Canyfin sequence
By preter argumeds anh ealealstioy
lanlelend ant bale deal
so Can) wk — Cb.) are abv bended Cel) sequence
We fist amly BW by (ad, yeldiy on
Wen Nye ~- SMe So
so teat Ca) Conmerszes
Naw Can sa seater OF Ge) Deon veal peck cones,
Maw apply BW aguin ty te inginey prt bag of 2a
We get a Sibsepuene of fhe mbrquine, indeed by
We