INDEX
SI No. Context Page No
1 Aim 1
2 Introduction 2
3 Apparatus 3
4 Procedure 4-5
5 Observation 6
6 Uses and Effects of Caffeine 7
7 Conclusion 8
8 Precaution 9
9 Bibliography 10
AIM
To Determine Caffeine In Tea Samples .
Tea is the most commonly and widely used soft beverage in the
household. It acts as a stimulant for central nervous system and
skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes fatigue, tiredness and
headache. It also increases the capacity of thinking. It is also used for
lowering body temperature.
The most important methylated alkaloid that occurs naturally is
caffeine. Its molecular formula is C5H10N4O2. Its IUPAC name is 1, 3, 7-
trimethylxanthene and common name is 1-methylated thiobromine.
Purely it is white, crystalline solid in the form of needles. Its melting
point is 1230c. It is the main active principle component of tea leaves.
It is present in tea leaves up to 3% and can be extracted by first boiling
the tea leaves with water which dissolves many glycoside compounds
in addition to caffeine. The clear solution is then treated with lead
acetate to precipitate the glycoside compounds in the form of lead
complex. The clear filtrate is then extracted with extracts caffeine
because it is more soluble in it then water.
Structure of Caffeine:
Introduction
Tea is the most commonly and widely used soft beverage in the
household. It acts as a stimulant for central nervous system and
skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes fatigue, tiredness and
headache. It also increases the capacity of thinking. It is also used for
lowering body temperature. The principal constituent of tea, which is
responsible for all these properties, is the alkaloid-caffeine. The
amount of caffeine in tea leavers varies from sample to sample.
Originally it was thought that caffeine is responsible for the taste and
flavour of tea. But pure caffeine has been found to be a tasteless while
substance. Therefore, the taste and flavour of tea is due to some other
substance present in it. There is a little doubt that the popularity of the
xanthenes beverages depends on their stimulant action, although most
people are unaware of any stimulation. The degree to which an
individual is stimulated by given amount of caffeine varies from
individual to individual.
For example, some people boast their ability to drink several cups of
coffee in evening and yet sleep like a long, on the other hand there are
people who are so sensitive to caffeine that even a single cup of coffee
will cause a response boarding on the toxic.
Apparatus
i. Acetic Acid
ii. Beakers
iii. Filter Paper
iv. Bunsen Burner
Procedure
1. Take 50 grams of tea leaves as sample and add 150 ml of water to
it in a beaker.
2. Heat the solution till its Boiling.
3. Filter the solution and add lead acetate to the filtered solution.
Curdy Brown Precipitate will be formed.
4. Keep on adding lead acetate till no more precipitate is formed and
filter the solution once more.
5. Boil the filtered solution unit only 50ml is retained.
6. Allow the Solution to Cool, and add 20ml of Carbon Tetrachloride
to the Solution.
7. Two layers are formed in the Separating funnel.
8. Step 8:Then the solution is exposed to Atmosphere, Carbon
Tetrachloride can get Evaporated.
9. The Remaining Residue is Caffeine.
Boiling of Tea Leaves Filtering the Solution
The Filtrate
The Caffeine Extracted in Volume
Observation
Red Label Tea (3 Roses) :
Weight of Volumetric Flask =45.36 g
Weight of Volumetric Flask with precipitate= 45.96
Amount of caffeine = 0.60 gms
Green Label Tea (Lipton) :
Weight of Volumetric Flask = 45.36 gms
Weight of Volumetric Flask with precipitate= 45.81gms
Amount of caffeine = 0.45gms
Uses of Caffeine
[Link] medicine, it is used to stimulate, central nervous system and to
increase flow of urine.
[Link] of its stimulating effects, caffeine has been used to relieve
fatigue. But it is dangerous and one may collapse if not consumes it
under certain limit.
[Link] is also used in analgesic tablets, as it is believed to be a pain
reliever. It is also beneficial in migraines.
Effects of Caffeine
1. It is psycho - stimulant.
2. It improves physical and mental ability.
3. Its effect in learning is doubtful but intellectual performance may
improve where it has been used to reduce fatigue or boredom.
4. When administered internally, it stimulates heart and nervous
system and also acts as diuretic.
Conclusion
Graphically plotting various tea samples in accordance with the amount
of caffeine present in them we present a stunning find:
60 mg > 45 mg
RED LABEL GREEN LABEL
Order of quantities of caffeine in samples of tea leaves
The non-laborious chemical method of determination of caffeine in tea
samples using Lead oxide and Chloroform has shown us the caffeine
levels in various samples. It is also true that caffeine in tea can have
positive and negative effects on organism consuming it. Further
analysis on amount of catechin and gallic acid is required to show
how a certain tea sample can cause psychological changes in th
consumer.
Precaution
Chloroform should not be smelt directly for a long time as it itself
is toxic.
The measurement of weight of tea leaves and all extract should be
precise.
The measurement of weight of tea sample and all extract should
be precise.
The water used should be distilled.
Apparatus should be clean and dry.
No water should be added to any extract in between the
experiment as it may get errors in calculation.
No prolonged heating should be done as water may evaporate in
large quantity along with same volatile solutes.
Bibliography
1. [Link]
the-caffeine-in-tea-samples-l8e
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
IJIRT149262_PAPER.pdf
4. [Link]
[Link]
