Embedded Systems - Video course 1. Intreduction to Embedded Computing 11 Inteduction 12 overview 1.2.1 Characteristes of Embedding Computing Applications 122 Concept of Real time Systems 1.233 Challenges in Embedded System Design 13 Design Process 13.1 Requirements 132 Specifications 133 Architecture Design 13.4 Designing of Components 1355 System integration 2. Embedded System Architecture 2.L Instruction Set Architecture 2111 CISC and RISC instruction set architecture 22 Basic Embedded Processor/Microcontroller Architecture 22.1 CISC Examples 222.4 Motorola (68HC12) Example 2232 gost 222 RISC Example 222.1 ARM 2.2.3 DSP Processors 22/4 Harvard Architecture 224.1 PIC 2.3 Memory System Architecture 23.1 Caches 232 Virtual Memory 2353 Memory Management Unit and Address Transiation 2A.WO Sub-system 24.1 Busy-wait VO 242 DMA 2.43 Interrupt driven YO 25 Co-processors and Hardware Accelerators 26 Processor Performance Enhancement 26.1 Ppelining 262 Super-scalar Execution 2.7 CPU Power Consumption Lab Exercises on: (0 Digital Circuit implementation i) Hardware Description Language i) Assembly language Programming for different target processors 3. Designing Embedded Computing Platform 3.1 Using CPU Bus 3.1.1 Bus Protocols 3.12 Bus Organisation 3.2 Memory Devices and their Characteristics 32.1 RAM 3.22 ROM, UVROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory 323 DRAM 33 WO Devices 33,1 Timers and Counters 3.3.1.1 Watchdog Timers3.322 Interrupt Controllers, 33.3 DMA Controllers 33.4 A/D and D/A Converters 3.35 Displays 335 Keyooards 33,7 Infrared devices 3.4 Component interfacing 34.1 Memory Interfacing 3.42 YO Device Interfacing 3.421 Interfacing Protocols 3.4211 GaB 3.42.12 FIREWIRE 34213 USB. 3.42.14 RDA 35 Designing with Processors 3511 System Architecture 3552 Hardware Design 3.52.1 FPGA Based Design 36 Implementation 3.6.1 Development Environment 3.62 Debugging Techniques 3.6.3 Manufacturing and Testing 3.7 Design Examples 3.71 Data Compressor 3.72 Alatm Clock 4, Programming Embedded Systems 4.1 Program Design 4,1 Design Patterns for Embedded Systems 4112 Models of Program “4.1.2.1 Control and Data ow Graph 42 Programming Languages: 42.1 Desired Language Characteristics “42.1.1 Introduction to Object Oriented Programming 4212 Data Typing 42.1.2. Overloading and Polymorphism 4213 Control 42.1.4 Mult-tasking and Task Scheduling 42.15 Timing Specifications 42.16 Run-time Exception handling 422 Use of High Level Languages 42.2.1 C for Programming embedded systems 42.22 Object Oriented Programming for Embedded Systems in C++ 4223 Use of Java for Embedded Systems 423 Programming and Run-time Environment 423.1 Compiling, Assembling, Linking 42332 Debugging 424 Basic Complation Techniques 425 Analysis and Optimization of Execution Time 426 Analysis and Optimization of Energy and Power, 42.7 Analysis and Optimization of Program Size 42.8 Program Validation and Testing 5. Operating System 5:1 Basic Features of an Operating System 52 Kernel Features 521 Real-time Kernels 52.11 Polled Loops System 52.12 Co-routnes 52.13 Interrupt-driven System 52.1.4 Mult-rate System 53 Processes and Threads 54 Context Switching 54.1 Cooperative Mult-tasking 5.42 Pre-emptve Multitasking 55 Scheduling 55.1 Rate-Monotonic Scheduling 552 Earliest-Deadline First Scheduling553 Task Assignment 5854 Faul-Tolerant Scheduling 56 Inter-process Communication 561 Signals 5.6.2 Shared Memory Communication 56.3 Message-Based Communication 5.7 Realtime Memory Management 5.7.1 Process Stack Management 5.72 Dynamic Allocation 58 V0 5811 Synchronous and Asynchronous VO 5.82 Interrupt Handling 583 Device Drivers 5.84 Realtime Transactions and Files 59 Example Realtime OS 5.9.1 VxWorks 592 RT-Linux 5.93 Pos, 5.10 Evaluating and Optimising Operating System Performance 510.1 Response-time Calc uation 5.102 interrupt latency 5103 Time-loading 5104 Memory Loading 5,11 Power Optimisation Strategies for Processes 6. Network Based Embedded Applications 6. Network Fundamentals 62 Layers and Protocols, 62.1 Network Architectures 6.2.2 Network Components: Bridges, Routers, Switches 63 Distrbuted Embedded Architectures 64 Elements of Protocol Design 65 High Level Protocol Design Languages 6.6 Network Based Design 6.7 wternet-Enabled Systems 6.1.1 Protocols for industrial and control applications 6.72 Intemetworking Protocols 6.8 Wireless Applications 6.8.1 Blue-toath 7.Embedded Control Applications 7.1 introduction 7.2 Open-loop and Closed Loop Control Systems 72.1 Examples: Speed Control 73 PID Controllers 7.3.1 Software Coding of a PID Controller 732 PD tuning 74 Fuzzy Logic Convoller 175 Application Examples 75.1 Washing Machine 7152 Automotive Systems 7/53 Auto-focusing digtal camera 75a Air-condiioner 8. Embedded System Development 8.1 Design Methodologies 8.1.1 UML as Design tool 8.12 UML notation 8.13 Requirement Analysis and Use case Modeling B14 Static Modeling8.1.5 Object and Cliss Structuring 8.1.6 Dynamic Modeling 82 Architectural Design 82.1 Hardware-Software Partitioning 8.2.2 Hardware-Software Integration 8.3 Design Examples 83.1 Telephone PBX 8322 Inkjet Printer 83.3 PDA 83.4 Set-top Box 83.5 Elevator Control System 8.3.6 ATM System 84 Faulttolerance Techniques 8.5 Reliabilly Evaluation Techniques nee oe