Algorithmic Thinking and Flowchart

Logic Algorithm
Prasetyo Wibowo
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering,
 Subject:
1. Fundamental Algorithmic
Thinking
2. Flowchart

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Logic Algorithm
Fundamental Algorithmic Thinking
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering,
 What is Algorithmic Thinking?
• Let's define Algorithm first: "An
Algorithm is a method to solve
a problem that consists of
exactly defined instructions”[1]
• Algorithmic thinking is a
competency that allows us to
understand and construct
algorithms to solve a problem.

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 What is Algorithmic Thinking?
• Algorithmic thinking is a key
skill in the field of computing
that can be developed
independently of any
programming language.
• Algorithmic thinking is not
limited to the field of
computing and can be applied
in other disciplines and daily
life.

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 Algorithmic Thinking in Computing
But if we want to build functioning
systems based on rules, then logic
alone isn’t sufficient. We need
something that can integrate all
these rules and execute actions
based on the outcomes of
evaluating them.
That something is algorithms, and
they are the power behind all real-
world computational systems.

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 Facts Algorithmic Thinking in Computing
• A computer will do exactly as it is told. If it is told to do something
impossible, it will crash.
• A computer has no innate intelligence of its own. It will not do
anything that it has not been instructed to do.
• A computer has no common sense. It will not try to interpret your
instructions in different ways. It will not make assumptions or fill in
the obvious blanks in an incomplete algorithm.

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What Actually is Algorithmic Thinking?
Algorithm a sequence of clearly defined steps that describe a process
to follow a finite set of unambiguous instructions with clear start and
end points.

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Algorithmic Thinking Includes
Being able to precisely The ability to analyze a
define the problem given problem

Identify the fundamental Thinking about all

steps required to solve a scenarios and cases of
given problem the given problem

Defining a set of detailed

Examining the developed
instructions to solve the
algorithm and improving
problem (designing the
its efficiency
algorithm)

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Importance of Algorithmic Thinking
There is an algorithm behind any computer program.

Algorithmic thinking is the core skill required for programming.

To be able to develop robust programs we need to invest time in developing

efficient algorithms before coding.

We need to train our brains to understand the algorithmic logic and improve
its algorithmic thinking skill to be able to intuitively develop algorithms.

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 Algorithmic Thinking Example
For sorting students' papers
alphabetically based on their last name,
the basic algorithm would be like this:
• Skip the first name
• Take the first character of the last
name
• Put it in the list alphabetically
• If another paper exists with the same
first letter of the last name, then
compare the first letter of the first
name and sort accordingly.
• Continue until no paper is left
unsorted.
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Exercise Your Thinking

Brush the teeth Cross the road Lemon juice

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Flowchart
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering,
 Flowcharts
• Flowcharts can be seen as graphical representations of algorithms.
• Flowcharts are more intuitive and make it easy to understand the
algorithms. (depending on the complexity of the problem however,
sometimes algorithms may better represent the steps to solve the
problem)
• We use standard symbols and shapes in a Flowchart to show the
sequential steps of an algorithm.

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Flowcharts Symbols

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 Let’s Try : Sample Algorithm
Write a code that determines if an input integer number between 1 to 9
is odd or even.

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 Let’s Try : Sample Algorithm
Write a code that determines if an input integer number between 1 to 9
is odd or even.

• Set variables X with a number between (1 to 9).

• Divide X by 2.
• Store the remainder in variable Y.
• If Y equals 0, print X is even.
• Else, If Y equals 1, print X is odd.

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Logic Algorithm
 Let’s Try : Flowchart
Write a code that determines if an
input integer number between 1 to 9
is odd or even.

• Set variables X with a number

between (1 to 9).
• Divide X by 2.
• Store the remainder in variable Y.
• If Y equals 0, print X is even.
• Else, If Y equals 1, print X is odd.
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Exercise Your Flowchart

Brust the teeth Cross the road Lemon juice

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 Summary
• Algorithm a sequence of clearly defined steps that describe a process
to follow a finite set of unambiguous instructions with clear start and
end points.
• Flowcharts can be seen as graphical representations of algorithms.

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NEW KNOWLEDGE IS
INCREASING!
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 Referensi
1. Karl, Beecher. "Computational Thinking: A Beginner's Guide to Problem-Solving and
Programming." Swindon, UK: BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT (2017).

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 Summary
• Please make an official practice
report today
• The more you practice, the more
you know!

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 Summary
• Each individual collects official
reports in PDF form
• The file format is
NRP_FullName_TitleofReport
• Example: 3321600000_Prasetyo
Wibowo_TitleofReport
• No Plagiarism!

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 Next week
• We will learn about Pseudocode. Please read references about it.
• It is strongly encouraged to do self study and self-paced practicum.

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 THANK YOU!
Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering,