(©) Washer Requirements, Design details shal provide for washers in high strength bolted connections as follows: (1) Where the outer face of the bolted parts has a slope greater than 1:29 with respect to a plane normal to the bolt axis, a hardened beveled washes shall be used to compensate forthe lack of parallelism (2) Hardened washers are not required for connections using A325 and ‘A490 bolts except as required in paragraphs 7(0)) through He)() oe slip-ritical connections and connections subject to direct tension or og required by paragraph 86) for shear/bearing connections. (@)_ Hardened washers shall be used under the element turned in tightening when the tightening so be performed by calibrated vrench method (4). Irrespective ofthe tightening method, hardened washers shall be used under both the head and the nut when Ad90 bolts are to be installed asd tightened to the tension specified in Table 4 in material having a specified yield pointless than 40 ksi (5). Where A325 bolts of any diameter or A490 botsequaltoor ess than inch in diameter areto be installed and tightened in an oversize or shor slot tedholein an outer py, a hardened washer conforming t ASTM F36 shal be used. (6) When A490bolts over | inch in diameter are to installed and tight ened in an oversize or short slotted hole in an outer ply, hardened washers conforming to ASTM F436 except with She inch minimum thickness shall be used under both the head and the nut in iew of standard thickness hard- ened washers. Multiple hardened washers with combined thickness equal to or greater than ie inch donot satisfy this requirement. (7) Where A325 bolts of any diamerer or A490 bolisequaltoor ess than inch in diameter are tobe installed and tightened in along sloted hoe in an ‘outer ply. a plate washer or continuous bar ofa least ie inch thickness with standard holes shall be provided. These washers or bars shall havea size sufficient to completely cover the slot after installation and shall be of| Siructural grade material, but need not be hardened except as follows. When ‘A490 bolts over | inch in diameter are to be used in long slotd holes in external ples, a single hardened washer conforming (o ASTM F436 but with Sho nch minimum thickness shall be used in ievof washer or bars of structural grade material, Multiple hardened washers with combined thick- ness equal to or greater than. inch do nox satisfy this quirement (8) Alternate design fasteners meeting the requirements of 2(d) with a geometry which provides a bearing circle onthe head or nut witha diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of hardened washers meeting the requirements ASTM F436 satisfy the requirements for washers specified in paragraphs 7(¢)(4) and 7(€)(5).. 8, Installation and Tightening (a) Handling and Storage of Fasteners, Fasteners EO 212 + RCSC Specification for Structural Joins (1/1318)© © @ cleaned of accumulated rust or dirt resulting from job site conditions, shall be cleaned and relubricated prior to installation. Tension Calibrator. A tension measuring device shall be required at all job sites where bolts in slip-critical joints or connections subject to direct tension are being installed and tightened. The tension measuring device shall be used to confirm: (1) the suitability to satisfy the requirements of Table 4 of the complete fastener assembly, including lubrication if required tobesed in the work, (2) calibration of wrenches, if applizable, and (3) the ‘understanding and proper use by the bolting crew of the method to be used The frequency of confirmation testing, the number of tests to be performed and the test procedure shall be as specified in &(@), as applicable. The accu- racy ofthe tension measuring device shall be confirmed through calibration by an approved testing agency at least annually. Joint Assembly and Tightening of Shear/Bearing Comections. Bolts in connections not within the slip-critical category as defined io Section '5(a) nor subject to tension loads nor required to be fully tensioned bearing: type connections shall be installed in properly aligned holes, but need only be tightened to the snug tight condition. The snug tight condition is defined as the tightness that exists when all plies in a joint are infirm contact. This ‘may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of a ‘man using an ordinary spud wrench. See Commentary. If a slotted hole ‘occurs in an outer ply, a flat hardened washer or common plate washer shall be installed over the slot. Bolts which may be tightened only to a snug tight condition shall be clearly identified on the drawings. Joint Assembly and Tightening of Connections Requiring Full Pre- iensioning. In slip-citicl connections, connections subject to direct ten- sion, and fully pre tensioned bearing connections, fasteners, together with ‘washers of size and quality specified, located as required by Section 7c), Shall be installed in properly aligned holes and tightened by one ofthe meth~ tds described in Subsections 8(4)(1) through 8(@)(4) to atleast the mini- ‘mum tension specified in Table 4 when all he fasteners are tight. Tighten- ing may be done by turing the bolt while the nat is prevented from rotating ‘when itis impractical to turn the nut. Impact wrenches, if used, shall be of adequate capacity and sufficiently supplied with aro perform the required tightening ofeach bolt in approximately 10 seconds. (1) Turn-of-nut Tightening. When turn-of-nut tightening is used, hard. cened washers are not required except as may be specified in 7(c). ‘A representative sample of not less than three bolts and nuts of each diameter, length and grade to be used in the work shall be checked at the start of work in a device capable of indicating bolt tension. The test shall ‘demonstrate that the method of estimating the snug-tight condition and con- trolling turns from snug tight 1o be used by the bolting crews develops aten- ‘sion not less than five percent greater than the (ension required by Table 4, Bolts shall be installed in all holes of the connection and brought to @ snug-tight condition, Snug tight is defined as the tightness that exist when the plies of the joint are in firm contact. This may be attained by a few