Manouba University TUCE 1111

MS-Engineering

Calculus I
Tutorials 3: Advanced Di erentiation
Exercise 1 Find the value or values of c that satisfy the equation
f (b) f (a)
f 0 (c) =
b a
in the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem for the functions and intervals
p
f (x) = x 1 [1; 3]
f (x) = arcsin x [ 1; 1]
f (x) = ln (x 1) [2; 4]

Exercise 2 It took 14 sec for a mercury thermometer to rise from -19 C to 100 C
when it was taken from a freezer and placed in boiling water. Show that somewhere
along the way the mercury was rising at the rate of 8.5 C/sec.

Exercise 3 A trucker handed in a ticket at a toll booth showing that in 2 hours she
had covered 159 mi on a toll road with speed limit 65 mph. The trucker was cited
for speeding. Why?

Exercise
p 4 The geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is the number
ab. Show that the value of c in the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem for
f (x) = x1 on an interval of positive numbers [a; b] is
p
c = ab

Exercise 5 The arithmetic mean of two numbers a and b is the number (a+b2
. Show
that the value of c in the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem for f (x) = x2 on
any interval [a; b] is
a+b
c=
2
Exercise 6 A split polynomial, can be written
Y
r
P (x) = c (x ai )mi
k=1

wher mi is the multiplicity of the root ai : A split polynomial is with simple roots
when mi = 1; for every i; i.e all the ai are simple roots.

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 1. Proof that if P is a split polynomial with n simple roots, then P 0 is a split
polynomial with n-1 simple roots.

2. Generalize this result.

Exercise 7 Prove that, for x 0

ex 1+x

deduce that, for x 0

x2
ex 1+x+
2
Exercise 8 Show that
x
8x > 0 arctan x >
1 + x2
Exercise 9 Show that
h i x2 x4
8x 2 0; : 1 cos x
2 2 24

Exercise 10 Let f be de ned by

1
x 6= 0 : f (x) = exp
x

1. Show that for every x > 0; there exists c 2 (x; x + 1) such that
1 1
f (x) f (x + 1) = ec
c2

2. Find 1
1
lim x2 e x e x+1
x!1

Exercise 11 :

1. Prove, that
1 1
8x > 0 < ln (x + 1) ln x <
x+1 x
2. deduce that the functions , de nied for x > 0, by
x x+1
1 1
f (x) = 1+ g (x) = 1+
x x
are monotonic.

3. Find the limits, at in nity, of ln f and ln g; then of f and g:

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Exercise 12 Darboux function: for any two values a < b in the domain of f
and any y between f (a) and f (b) ; there is some c 2 (a; b) with f (c) = y::

1. Let f be a di erentiable function on [a; b] : Show that if f 0 (a) f 0 (b) < 0 then
there exists
c 2 (a; b) : f 0 (c) = 0

2. Deduce that if f is di erentiable on an interval I then f 0 is a Darboux function.

Exercise 13 High-Order Derivatives of f g; Leibniz Rule

Let I be an interval of R, let f and g are n-times di erentiable functions, then the
product f g is also n-times di erentiable on I and
X
n
n
(f g)(n) = f (k) g (n k)
k
k=1

1. Prove the Leibniz rule by induction on n: Use

n n 1 n 1
= +
k k k 1

2. Application: Find the n-th derivative of

f (x) = x2 ln x

Exercise 14 For n 2 N; and x 6= 0 :

1
fn (x) = xn exp
x
Prove that for every n 2 N

( 1)n+1 1
fn(n+1) (x) = exp
xn+2 x

Exercise 15 For x 2 [0; 1] ; let ' be the function de ned by

1
' (x) =
1 + x2
and let fun g be the sequence de ned by
1
u1 2 [0; 1] un+1 =
1 + u2n

1. Show that for every n 2 N :

0 un 1

2. Prove that if fun g converges to a real number L then L is a xed point of ':

3
 3. Show that for every x 2 [0; 1]
p
3 3
j'0 (x)j k=
8

4. Show that for every x1 and x2 in [0; 1]

j' (x2 ) ' (x1 )j k jx2 x1 j

' is said to be a K-Lipschitzian function, moreover a contraction function

when k is less than 1.

5. Show that for every n 2 N

jun+1 Lj k jun Lj

and prove that fun g converges to L:

Exercise 16 In this exercise, we want to prove the following xed point theorem
Let I be a closed and bounded interval and ' a contraction function (previous exer-
cise) from I to I. Then the function ' admits a unique xed point a, which is the
limit of any sequence fun g de ned by u1 2 I and un+1 = ' (un ) :

1. Show that if a xed point of ' exists, then it is unique.

2. Show that fun g is a Cauchy sequence, i.e,

8" > 0 9N 2 N for every n N and k 0

jun+k un j < "

and thus is convergent to a limit a. We admit that every Cauchy sequence in

R is convergent (Completeness of R).

3. Show that a 2 I:

4. Show that a is a xed point of '.

Exercise 17 Let ' be de ned

1
'(x) = e x2 if x 6= 0
'(0) = 0

1. Prove that ' is continuous and di erentiable on R.

2. Prove that ' is continuous on R. Is '0 di erentiable on R:

3. Show that, 8x 2 R
2'(x) = x3 '0 (x)

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Exercise 18 Find 1 1
lim (x + 1)1+ x+1 x1+ x
x!+1

Exercise 19 Find the absolute maximum value of

1
f (x) = x2 ln
x

and say where it is assumed.

Exercise 20 Find extrema for the following functions:

1 2
f (x) = x 2
x g (x) = 21 x4 x2 + 1

h (x) = ln (x2 2x + 2) k (x) = x2 ex

Exercise 21 Evaluate
x sin x 1 cos x
lim 3
lim
x!0 x x!0 x + x2
p p
sin x 1+x 1 x
lim lim
x!0 x2 x!0 ln (1 + x) ln (1 x)
x
ln (x) + 1 x e 1+x
lim 2 lim 2
x!1 (x 1) x!0 x

Exercise 22 Find the limits of

sec x ln x ex
lim lim p lim
x! 2 1 + tan x x!1 2 x x!1 x2

Exercise 23 Find the limits of

1 p
lim x sin lim+ x ln x
x!1 x x!0

Exercise 24 Find the limits of

1 1
lim
x!0 sin x x

Exercise 25 Find the limits of

1 1
lim (1 + x) x lim x x
x!0 x!1

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Exercise 26 Find the x-coordinate of the point where the curve y = x3 x crosses
the horizontal line y = 1:

Exercise 27 Locating a planet To calculate a planet's space coordinates, we have

to solve equations like
x = 1 + 0:5 sin x

1. Sketch the graph of the function

f (x) = x 1 0:5 sin x

notice that f has a root near x = 1:5:

2. Use one application of Newton's method to improve this estimate. That is,
start with x0 = 1:5 and nd x1 . (The value of the root is 1.49870 to ve
decimal places).