SOCIAL SCIENCE

Social science is the branch of social developed to the study of human society and the relationship
among individuals within those societies. The term was furmenty used to reler to the field of sociology
the original "science of society" established in the 19th century. In addition to sociology. It now
encompasses a wide array of academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, economics,
human, geography, linguistics, management science, media studies, musicology, political science,
psychology, welfare and nursing studies and social history.

• History of Medicine and public health example thr history of piblic health and human medicine.

• Business history studies the history of the development of business, companies and industrics.

• Biographies studies the history of great persons in history.

• Political Science primarlly studies human behavior in relation to political system, government, laws,
and international relations.

Political has several fields of study

• Domestic politics studies public opinion, election, national and local governments.

• Comparative politics studies politics within countries and analysis the similarities and differences
between among countries.

• International relations focus on the study of political relationship and interaction between and among
countries.

•Public administration studies national and local governments and bureaucracy.

•Public law examines legal system, civil rights, and criminal justice.
 Primary Goals of Counseling
Different individuals have different perceptions of what can be expected of counseling. However there
are five commonly named goals of counseling.

1. FACILITATING BEHAVIOR CHANGE The goal of counseling is to bring about change in

behavior that will enable to the client to be more productive. Goals can be measurable so that client can
measure that program. According to Rogers (1951) behavior change is a necessary result of the
counseling process although specific behaviors receive little or no emphasis during process.

2. IMPROVING RELATIONSHIP Many clients tend to have major problems relating to others due
to poor self- image. Likewise inadequate social skills cause individuals to act defensively in relationships.
The counselor would then strive to help the client improve the quality of their lives by developing more
effective interpersonal relationships.

3. FACILITATE CLIENT’S POTENTIAL Helping individuals to cope with new situation and
challenges. We will inevitably run into difficulties in the process of growing up. Most of us do not
completely achieve all over our development tasks within a life time. All of the unique expectations and
requirements imposed on us by others will eventually lead to problem learning coping patterns ,
however may not always work.

4. PROMOTING DECISION MAKING The goal of the counseling is to enable the individual to
make critical decisions regarding alternative courses of actions without outside influence. Counseling
will help individuals obtain individuals obtain information and to clarify emotional concern that may
interfere with or be related to the decision involved.

5. ENHANCE POTENTIAL AND ENRICH SELF DEVELOPMENT Help individuals to cope

with new situations and challenges. Counseling seek to maximize an individual freedom by giving him or
her control over their environment while analyzing responsiveness and reach to the environment .
Counselors will work to help people learn how to overcome.
 Secondary Goals of counseling

Insight - understands of the origins and development of emotional difficulties, leading to an increased
capacity to take rational control over feelings and actions.

Relating with others - Relating with others is becoming better able to firm and maintain meaningful
and satisfying relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace

Self – awareness - Self - awareness is becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been
blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.

Self – acceptance - Self - acceptance is the development of positive attitude towards self, marked by an
ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the subject of self - criticism rejection.

Self – actualization - Self - actualization is moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an
integration of previously conflicting parts of self.

Enlightenment - Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual awakening.

Problem Solving - Problem solving is finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not
been able to resolve alone acquiring a general competence in problem solving.

Psychological Education - Psychological education is enabling the client to acquire ideas and
techniques with which to understand and control behavior.

Acquisition of Social Skills - Acquisition of social skills is learning and mastering social and
interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact turn taking in conversation assertive or anger
control.

Cognitive Change - Cognitive change is modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or mal

adaptive thought patterns associated with self-destructive behavior.

Behavior change - The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or maladaptive or self-

destructive patterns of behavior.

Systematic change - Introducing change into the way in social systems operate.

Empowerment - Working on skills, awareness, and knowledge that will enable to client to take control
of his or her own life.

Restitution - Helping the client to make amends for previous destructive behavior.

Generality - Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for others and pass on knowledge and
to contribute to the collective good through political engagement.
 Needs of Counseling

This service helps people navigate difficult life situations, such as the death of a loved one, divorce,
natural disasters, school stress and the loss of a job.

1. Personal development

2. Prevention.

3. Understanding where you came from.

4. Breaking old relationship patterns.

5. Ditching bad habits.

6. Creating a new normal.

7. Trying something new.

8. Trying something different.

9. Investing in yourself.

Benefits of Counseling

 improved communication and interpersonal skills

 greater self-acceptance and self-esteem

 ability to change self-defeating behaviors/habits

 better expression and management of emotions, including anger

 relief from depression, anxiety or other mental health conditions

 increased confidence and decision-making skills

 ability to manage stress effectively

 improved problem-solving and conflict resolution abilities

 greater sense of self and purpose

 recognition of distorted thinking

Scope of Counseling
Life span Developmental - Life span development means the full process of human development from
conception to death.

Cognitive modification - The most important area of counseling is thought modification. Through the
contemporary perceptual approach, negative thoughts can be replaced by new positive and rational
thoughts.

Behavior modification - In this area, Counselor can work on the part of behavioral modification. Re
learning processes helps an individual to change his pattern of behavior. Reinforcement, de-sensitization
and transfer of learning are the relevant examples.

Marital discord, child and family crisis - Here the scope of counseling in the child counseling, pre-
marital counseling, Interpersonal relationship, adjustment problems, and age related problems also. The
major areas are family counseling, group counseling, client – centered counseling.

Career / Educational counseling - Carrer counseling is the area of counseling where it ensures helping
and act as guidance for students who face conflicts and confusions in these areas. Here the counselors
deal with the educational and organizational problems. Here, any national and international companies
makes posting of a counselor for the employees. The role of counselor is to counseling in offices and
industries.

Challenges Counseling - This area mainly focused on disabilities, suicide-prone person’s sexual
harassment. The life challengers counseling can help these types of people and develop great future or
focus in their own life.

Principles of counseling

Principles of Learning- the presence of the learning elements in the entire process are accepted and
recognized.

Principles of Acceptance - the counselors show positive regards and accept the client irrespective of
who she/he is. The client should be given due regards= to his./her rights.

Principles of Permissiveness- developing optimism through professional relationship allows freedom

of choice and behavior.

Principle of Respect for the Individual -This is an attitude, which portrays the belief that every person
is a worthy being that is competent to decide what he or she really wants, has the potential for growth,
and has the abilities to achieve what he or she really wants from life.

Principle of Thinking with the Individual - It is the role of the counselor to put him/herself in the
shoes of the counselee in order to analyze his/her thoughts.

Roles and Functions of counselors

Individual Assessment - Assessment is the process by which counselors gather the information
they need to form a holistic view of their clients and the problems with which they present.

Individual Counseling - focused on the individual's immediate or near future concerns.

Group Counseling and Guidance - involves a number of students working on shared tasks and
developing supportive relationships in a group setting, is an efficient, effective and positive way of
providing direct service to students with academic, career and social/emotional developmental issues
and situational concerns.

Career assistance - a service that helps people begins, change, or advance their careers.

Placement and follow up - ensures that the student has learned appropriate behaviors and decisions
regarding his/her problem or need.

Referral - is when counselors make recommendations of where else a client might seek treatment.

Consultation - is voluntarily provided by the counselor to assist another professional or an organization

with a problem.

Research - provides evidence for the range of issues where therapy can be effective and the positive
outcomes for clients.

Evaluation and accountability - taking responsibility for working with clients - letting them know of
any issues or difficulties that the therapeutic work may involve and what is required from the client
when engaging in therapy.

Prevention - means a discussion with a participant involved in a prevention component that follows the
objectives established in the prevention plan and is intended to reduce risk factors and increase
protective factors.

Work settings counseling

Counselors in School - Counselors are recognized especially in the preventive interventions and
developmental stage.

Counselors in Community Setting - This setting refers to employment in community, agency, and
other non-school professional situations.

Counselors in the Private Sector - Refers to counselors who decided to do full- time work as private
practitioners or engage in part-time private practice while employed by community agencies.

Counselors in the Government - Counselors are also present in various agencies of government or
institutions supported by the government that is into social welfare, health, and education
 Responsibilities of Counselors

Leading group counselling sessions

Addressing social or behavioral problems

Keeping confidential records

Work with families

Creating counselling and treatment plans

Providing counselling services

Evaluate and improve the counseling program

Establishing relationship with the client

Refer students to external agencies

Code of Ethics chapter 1

PROPOSED CODE OF ETHICS

(REVISED AS OF DECEMBER 21,2006@ [Link]’S RESIDENCE

1. GENERAL RESPONSIBILITY

2. RESPECT FOR RIGHTS

3. BOUNDARIES OF COMPETENCE

4. CONTINUING EDUCATION

5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

6. ETHICAL BEHAVIORS

7. SENSITIVITY TO DIVERSITY

8. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY

9. GOOD QUALITY OF PRACTICES

10. KNOWLEDGE OF LEGISLATIVE LAWS

 11. EXTENSTION OF ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Code of Ethics chapter 2

1. General Responsibility – Counselors have a primary responsibility to respect the integrity and
promote the welfare of their clients.

2. Confidentiality - his means that under normal circumstances no one outside the Counseling Center is
given any information — even the fact that you have been here — without your expressed written
consent.

3. Children and Persons with Diminished Capacity – Counselors conduct the inform consent process with
those legally appropriate to give consent when counseling children and/or persons with diminished
capacity.

4. Maintenance of Records – Counselors maintain records is sufficient detail to track the sequence and
nature of professional services rendered and consistent with legal, regulatory, agency. Or institutional
requirements.

5. Access to Records- Counselors understand that clients have the right to access their counseling
records.

6. Dual Relationship- Counselors avoid personal, familial, social and/or business relationships except
those already existing prior to the establishment of the counseling relationship.

[Link] Diversity- Counselors actively work to understand the diverse cultural background of
the clients with whom they work, and do not condone or engage in discrimination based on age, color,
culture, ethnicity, disability, gender, religion, sexual orientation, marital, or socioeconomic status.

8. Relationships with Former Clients- Counselors exercise caution about entering any friendly, social,
financial and business relationships with former client until such time that the issues in relational
dynamic present during counseling have been fully resolved and properly terminated.

9. Multiple Clients- When counselors agree to provide counseling to two or more persons to have a
relationship (such as husband and wife, or parents and children),counselors clarify at the outset which
person or persons are clients and the nature of the relationship they will have each person.

10. Multiple Helpers- If, after entering a counseling relationship, a counselor discover the client is
already in a counseling relationship then, the counselor is responsible for discussing the issues related
continuing or terminating counseling with the client.
11. Group Work- Counselors have the responsibility to protect group members from physical and/or
psychological harm resulting from interaction with in the group, both during and following the group
experience.

12. Termination of Counseling- Counselors must terminate the counseling relationships when it is
deemed necessary. More specifically terminating the counseling relationship should be done when
12.1 Goals of counseling have been met.

13. Computer Use- When computer applications are used as a component of counseling services, as in
testing or assessment, counselors must insure that: Client is capable of using the computer application;
The computer application is appropriate to the needs of the client; The client understands the purpose
and operation of the computer application.

Code of Ethics Chapter 3

CONSULTING AND PRIVATE PRACTICE

1. General Responsibility-Counselors provide consultative services only in those areas in which

they have demonstrated competency by virtue of their education and experience.

2. Undiminished Responsibility and Liability- Counselors who Work in private practice, whether
incorporated or not, must ensure that there is no diminishing of their individual Professional
responsibility to act in accordance of PGCA Code of Ethics are in their liability of any failure to
do so.

3. Consultative Relationships-Counselors ensure that consultation occurs within the voluntary

relationship between a counselor and a client, group, or organization, and that the goals are
understood by all parties concerned.

4. Informed Consent- Counselors, who provide services for the use of third parties, acknowledge
and clarify for the informed consent of clients, all applications of such consulting relationships,
including the purpose, entitlement to information and any restriction on confidentiality.

5. Accurate Advertising- Counselors, when advertising services as private practitioners, do so in

a manner that accurately and clearly informs the public of their services, areas of expertise,
credentials such as licensure and aggregation in an accurate manner that is not false, misleading,
deceptive, or prudent.

6. Respect for Privacy-Counselors limit any discussions of client information obtained from a
consulting relationship to persons clearly involved with the case.
7. Cooperating Agencies-Before sharing information, counselors make efforts to ensure that
these other agencies have defined policies that serve the clients interest.

8. Conflict of Interest-Counselors who engage in consultation avoid circumstances where the

duality of relationships or the prior possession of information could lead to a conflict of interest.

9. Professional Fees-professional fees are based on standard prescribed by the existing laws,
ordinances, promulgation, and resolutions counselors consider the financial status of clients and
locality in establishing fees or professional counseling services.

10. Pro-bono Services-Counselors render professional services in community or society for

which is little or no financial return (pro-bono).

Code of Ethics Chapter 4

RELATIONSHIPS With other professionals

1. General Responsibility - Counselors maintain harmonious working relationships with other

professional in their work setting and affiliated organization.

2. Roles and functions - Counselors set the parameters and levels of their professional roles and
functions.

[Link] agreement - Counselors establish working agreements with supervisors, colleagues,

and subordinates regarding counseling relationships, adherence to professional standards, house
rules, work load, time schedule, responsibility, and accountability.

4. Evaluation - Counselors submit regularly to professional review and evaluation by their

employer and peer.

5. In-service - Counselors participate in in-service training for professional growth and

development.

6. Damage control - Counselors alert their employers to conditions that may be potentially
disruptive or damaging to the counselor’s professional responsibilities or that may limit their
effectiveness.

7. Supervisory relationships - Counselors in supervisory position foster good working

relationship and treat all colleagues fairly.

8. Consulting with Other professionals - Counselors may consult with other professionally
competent persons about the client.
9. Client advocate - Counselors strive to reach agreement with employers as to acceptable
standards of conduct that allow for changes in institutional policy conductive to the growth and
development of clients.

10. Coordination - Counselors maintain proper coordination with fellow professionals in relation
to counseling services and programs implemented in their workplace.

11. Networking and linkages - Counselors establish a good system of networking and linkages
with other sectors to promote public and social awareness as well as for the enhancement of the
profession.

12. Referral Fee - Counselors desist from accepting referral fee from other professionals.

13. Professional conduct - Counselors have a responsibility both to clients and the institution
within which services are performed to maintain high standards of professional conduct.

PORTFOLIO IN DIASS

Presented to:

Sir: Gerald Yabut

DIASS(DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE) Facilitator

Senior High School Department

Ramon Avanceña National High school

Submitted by:
 Shane Francis U. Martinete

12-HUMSS Thessalonians

October 25, 2023

PORTFOLIO IN DIASS

Presented to:

Sir: Gerald Yabut

DIASS(DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE) Facilitator

Senior High School Department

Ramon Avanceña National High school

Submitted by:

Froylan Toledanes

12-HUMSS Thessalonians
October 25, 2023