ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER Cebu Main: 4 floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, Cebu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 Manila: 3 floor JPD Bldg 1955, C M Recto comer N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Manila Tel # (02) 736-4438 MACHINE DESIGN - DAY 1 |. MACHINE ELEMENTS 41. Cylinders Rolling in opposite direction: ‘A. Tangential speed Vs=Vp==DiNi == D2Na B. Relation of diameter and speed Dy Ni = Dz Ns ©. Speed Ratio = Speed of Driver _ Speed of the Driven D. Center Distance = Ry + Ry PusPe 2. Cylinders Roling in the same direction ‘A. Tangential speed Vs =Vo= = D:Ny = D2Ne B. Relation of diameter and speed DyNy = DzNs ©. Speed Ratio = Speed of Driver _ Speed of the Drven D. Center Distance = Ry -R, = 22=P1 STRESSES Stress (S) -a total resistance that a material offers to an applied load, Ibfin’, kglem?, KN/m? Ultimate stress (S,)- is the stress that would cause failure Yield stress (S,) - maximum stress without causing deformation Allowable stress (Syi) - Ultimate stress/Factor of Safety Design stress (S.)-- siress used in determining the size of a member. S1= Su or Sp= SX where: FS = factor of safety Fs FS A A For sold circular cross-section: A= % p? 4 6. Tensile Stress (S:)_—S: = Forhatow crarcosssecion: A= $(0,2-0?) For rectangular cross-section: A=base xheight=bxh5 7. Compressive Stress (S.) Se x 8. Shearing Stress (S,) A For single tt vt reededo en tplawe ger. 8: = E where: For single rivet: A= x/4D* For double riveted joint: A = 2(r4 D®) BB. Shearing due to punching of hole, F Ea Soa Dt (for punching a hole) A= St (for square hole) Where: $ t length of side of square plate thickness. C. Pressure needed to punch a hole, F: xtx 80, tons Where: d= hole diameter, in t= thickness, in 8. Bearing Stress (S:) Sy=Fe/A where: A= DL 40. Factor of Safety (FS) ‘a, Basad on yeld strength FS =S\/Sai . Based on ultimate strength FS =S./Sa 11, Torsional Shear Stross (S.) 8 = TE. 157 xD where: (for circular cross section) diameter 12, Bending Stress(S;) Si = me For rectangular beam sel] bir where: M i i ‘oment distance of farthest fiber from neutral axis ‘moment of inertia about the neutral axis 'bh®/12 (for rectangular cross section) LM Z.= section modulu sé) os 13. Strain and Elongation Strain = * Stross = >In ‘Strain where: y= elongation due to applied load = original length A= area 'S = stress Ee = Sims. > . f F Sear ares ‘ ‘Ga D & | Proeat ao © oe 7 ato =] ay414, Thormal Elongation; Strossos yekL(e-t) S= EX=kE(e-t) efficient of thermal expansion, mim-°C 5x 104 infin = 11.7x 10% mim-C (for steel) 30 x 108 psi where: Relation between shearing and tensile stress based on theory of failure: Sime = Sy Sena = Syy/2 45. Variable Stress. where: FS = factor of safety S, = yield point Sy = endurance limit Smax + Smo Sq = moan stress 2 = Sna=Sn ‘Sy = variable component stress = Snax=Sae is z ‘Snex = maximum stress ‘Sge = minimum stress 416. Poisson's Ratio(u) is the ratio of lateral unit deformation to axial unit deformation. Where: G = shear modulus of elasticty = strain = u RE y= __Lateral Strain Ee 7 Longitudinal Strain Ex m4 ayPROBLEMS: MACHINE ELEMENTS 1. Two parallel shafts connected by pure rolling tum in the same direction and having a speed ratio of 2.75. What is the distance of the two shaft the smaller cyinder is 22 cm in diameter? ‘A. 16.60 cm B. 30.25 em ©. 25.25 em D. 19.25 em 2. Three cylinder A:B:C has a speed ratio of 3:2:4 are externally in contact to each other. If canter distance between cylinder A and C is *3in, fin the diameter of cyinder B. A15.34in, B.18.95in ©. 12.34in, D.9.37in STRESSES 41. steel tie rod on bridge must be made to withstand a pull of 600 Ibs, find the diameter of the rod assuming a Tactor of safaty of 5 and ullimate stress o 64,000 ps ‘A 0.705 B. 0.891 ©. 0.809 D. 0.773 2. How many 5/16 inch holes can be punch in one motion in a steel plate made of SAE thick using a force of 55 tons. The ultimate strength for shear is 50 ksi and use 2 factor of safety. ASB B37 cs D. 65 3. The shaft whose torque varies from 2000 to 6000 in Ibs has 1 ¥ in. in diameter and 60000 psi yield strength Compute for the shaft mean average stress. ‘A. 6036 psi B. 6810 psi ©. 8162 psi D. 8550 psi 4, Ahollow shaft carries a torque 3.4 KN-m at a shearing stress of 65 Mpa. The outside diameter is 1.25 times that ofthe inside dlameter. Find the inside diameter in mm, A 6487 B. 46.87 ©. 8467 D. 74.64 STRESS & STRAIN AND POISON RATIO 1. An engine parts being tested with a load of 60000 lb. The allowable tensile strass is 10,000 psi, modulus of clasticity of 40 x 10* psi. If the original length of specimen is 42 inches with elongation not exceeding 0.0015 in, what diameter of the specimen is rejacted? A 42in B.30in ©. 25in D. 5.17 in 2. Considered is 20 deg C and a maximum temperature of 30 deg Cis designed for, and the modulus of elasticity of steel to be 207,000 MPa, determine the clearance between rails such that adjoining rail wil ust touch at maximum design temperature, A234 8.2.92 c.3a1 D.1.86 3. A’square steel bar 50 mm on a side and 1 m long is subjected to an axial tensile force of 250 KN. Determine the decrease in lateral dimension due to this load, Consider € = 200 Gpa and Poisson's rato of 0,30, ‘A. 0.075 mm B. 0,00015 mm C_ 0.00075 mm D. 0.0075 mm