Citizenship
in-practice
Article 4 Section 1
Article 4 Section 1
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
the time of the adoption of this
constitution;
2. Those whose Fathers or Mothers are citizens
Article 4 Section 1
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
the time of the adoption of this
constitution;
2. Those whose Fathers or Mothers are citizens
of the Philippines.
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
Article 4 Section 1
2. Those whose
the timeFathers or Mothers
of the adoption are citizens
of this
of constitution;
the Philippines.
Article 4 Section 1
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Article 4 Section 1
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino Mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority;
and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance
Article 4 Section 1
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino Mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority;
and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance
with law.
Citizenship
Signifies membership of a citizen in
a political society, which
membership implies, reciprocally
the duty of allegiance on the part of
the member and a duty of protection
on the part of the state.
Citizen
A citizen is someone who holds citizenship and is
a member of a democratic community. They have
full civil and political rights, with certain
disqualifications outlined by law, and are
protected within and outside the borders of their
country. In a monarchy, they are commonly
referred to as subjects.
Alien or Foreigner
A citizen of a country who is residing
in or passing through another
country. He is not given all
citizenship rights, such as voting
rights.
Nationality
Refers to membership in
any type of political
community, whether
democratic or not.
National
A national is someone who owes loyalty to a
country and is not considered a foreigner. All
citizens are nationals, but not all nationals are
citizens. In the past, Filipinos were seen as
nationals of the United States, but they were
not considered citizens.
GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING
CITIZENSHIP
INVOLUNTARY METHOD
By birth, because of blood
relationship (Jus Sanguinis) or by
birth (Jus Soli or Loci); and
Jus Sanguinis
(Right of Blood)
-Descent from a parent
who is a citizen or
national of the Republic
of the Philippines
Jus Soli
-Being born on the soil
of the country, even to
foreign parents, grants
one citizenship.
VOLUNTARY METHOD
By naturalization, except in the case of
collective naturalization of the inhabitants of a
territory which takes place when it is ceded by
one state to another as a result of conquest or
treaty.
TWO KINDS OF CITIZENS
These two mode of acquiring
citizenship correspond to the two
kinds of citizens- Natural born and
Naturalized Citizens
Citizens at the Time of Adoption
of the Constitution
Citizens at the Time of Adoption of the
Constitution
Under the 1987 Constitution, individuals who
were Filipino citizens under the 1973
Constitution are recognized as citizens.
However, if they had already lost their
citizenship before the new Constitution was
ratified, they are not considered citizens.
Citizens by Blood or
Parentage
The Philippines adheres to jus sanguinis, granting
citizenship to children born of Filipino citizens,
regardless of their legitimacy. If born in a jus soli
state, dual citizenship can result, while opposite
circumstances can leave a child stateless (Jacobsen
and Lipman, 1965).
Citizens by Election
Section 1(3) applies to those born to Filipino mothers and
alien fathers who acquired Philippine citizenship under
the 1935 Constitution. If they were born after the 1973
Constitution's effectivity on January 17, 1973, there's no
need to elect Philippine citizenship. Commonwealth Act
No. 623 governs the choice to elect Philippine citizenship,
and illegitimate children inherit their mother's
citizenship, eliminating the need for an election.
Citizens by Naturalization
Naturalization is the legal path for foreigners to gain
citizenship.
Under section 1(4), a foreigner can become a Filipino
citizen by following the law. To do so, they must file a
court petition, demonstrating their qualifications while
avoiding disqualifications as set by law. The legislative
body can also pass a direct citizenship-granting act.
