INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

KASHMIR UNIVERSITY
ZUKARA,190006
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO :
[Link] DANISH
CONTENT
➢SELECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS

➢FIRE BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS

➢IMPORTANCE

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BUILDING MATERIAL IS ANY MATERIAL WHICH IS
USED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSE
➢ FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF BUILDING
MATERIAL

01. STRENGTH
• Ability of a material withstand the failure
• Caused by loads
• E .g Compression ,Tension etc
• Source of loads can be natural or man-
made

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[Link]
• Capability of any material to weathering action ,
chemical attack ,abrasion while maintaining its
desired engineering purposes
• Ensure the longevity and performance

3. COST OF MATERIAL
• Cost of construction materials will lead to the
final decision regarding material selection.
• It controls the entire cost of the project.

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4. LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS

• The availability of materials locally affects

both the cost and the construction
• Material availability > Far away > cost >
high
• Material availability > locally > cost > low

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5. HANDLING AND STORAGE
• Handling and storage of
materials is another factor
• It affects construction time,
requirements for labor and cost.
• Improper handling or storage can
degrade overall quality and
durability

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• 06. CLIMATE :
• Another important aspect of the choice of
materials is the climate.
• Factors like the average range of
temperature throughout the year, rain or
snowfall, seasons, amount of sunlight,
required ventilation and wind are areas of
concern.
• Ensure that the materials you choose are
according to the climate you are building
house in

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07. SKILLS REQUIRED AND ITS AVAILABILITY :
• While selecting the material it is
important to know the extent of skill
required to use such materials.
• increase the cost of the construction
• to appoint/hire a skilled person to
use that material
• if the skilled person is not available
particularly in remote areas then it
will delay the work.

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08. SPECIFICATIONS
09. NATURE OF PROJECT
• Based on your requirements
like
The choice of material should be
strength, aesthetic look etc.
done cautiously as it directly affects
• it should define the the user.
specifications and quality of
materials that would go into One significant area of concern which
the house. governs the choice of material is the
nature of the project.
Nature of project means residential,
commercial, gathering
space etc.
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 10. MAINTENANCE :
• Maintenance is also an important
selection criterion for construction
material
• good materials are those which are
easy and economical to maintain.

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❑ FIRE RESISTING ➢ CONCRETE :
BEHAVIOUR OF o Concrete is the most widely used
construction material
DIFFERENT o It shows very good resistance to fire
MATERIALS o It offers greater resistance to fire than
steel
Fire resisting properties of o The actual behavior of concrete in
common building materials such case of depends on composition
as stone, brick, timber, cast-iron, o Up-to 250 degree , strength of
glass, steel and concrete are concrete is not affected
mentioned :
o RCC structures can resist fire for about
1 hour at 1000 C
o Easy to prepare after the fire
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o Does not liberate toxic gases
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➢ BRICKS
• These are the most traditional
material mostly used for construction
of wall
• It is found that the bricks are not
seriously affected until very high
temperature is provided
• A well – constructed brick wall can
offer great resistance to fire
resistance
• At their best a brick wall withstand
heat 1200 C for 4 hours in blaze ;at
their worse this may only be an hour
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➢ STONE • It is the most unsuitable material
from a fire safety point of view
• It is a bad conductor of heat but
suffers appreciably under the effect
of fire
• It disintegrates into small piece
which leads to failure of structure
• Use of stone in construction should
be restricted minimum
• GRANITE {explodes when exposed
to heat and disintegrates }
• SLATE {expands and forms cracks }
• LIMESTONE {crumbles into
17 quicklime during fire }
➢ CAST IRON
• rarely used as structural material
at present.
• This material flies into pieces when
heated and suddenly cooled.
• Hence, when this material is used in
construction, it is covered either by
brickwork of one brick thickness or
any other fire resisting material
such as concrete

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➢ TIMBER
• Timber ignite and get rapidly
destroyed in case of fire.
• They add to the intensity of fire.
• timber is a very bad conductor of
heat.
• Timber are sometimes coated with
certain chemicals such as ammonium
phosphate and sulphate, zinc
chloride, etc.
• The timber can also be made fire-
resistant by the application of
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certain paints on its surface.
➢ STEEL :
• Steel is a good conductor of heat
and hence, it is rapidly heated in
case of fire.
• It is found that steel loses its tensile
strength with the increase in heat .
• Under intense fire, the unprotected
steel beams sag, the unprotected
steel columns deforms and the
structure collapses. Steel completely
melts at a temperature of 14000C.
• Steel building often incorporate
insulation coating to enhance their
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fire resistance
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❖ IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING PROPERTIES OF
BUILDING MATERIAL
Studying the properties of building materials is important for
several reasons:

➢ SAFETY
Understanding the properties of building
materials is critical to ensuring safety in
the construction and use of buildings. By
knowing the properties of materials,
engineers can design buildings that are
structurally sound and can withstand
various types of stresses such as wind,
22 earthquakes, and fire
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➢ DURABILITY
Different materials have different properties, which affect their
durability. By studying the properties of building materials, architects
and engineers can select materials that are appropriate to use and can
withstand the environmental conditions of the building's location.

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➢ SUSTAIN–ABLE
• Building materials can impact their
environmental impact. For example,
materials that require a lot of energy
to produce, transport or dispose of
can have a significant carbon
footprint.
• Knowledge of material properties
contribute to promote
environmentally friendly choices

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➢ COST EFFECTIVENESS
The properties of building
materials can also impact their
cost. By understanding the
properties of different materials,
builders can select materials that
are cost-effective and provide the
necessary performance for the
building's intended use

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IMAGES ARE FROM
GOOGLE

PRESENTED BY :
IRTIKA FAROOQ
UROOS –UN-NISA
RAKSHANDA
ANISA FAYAZ
BAZILLAH