Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
CO
OLUMN AN
NALYSIS AND
A DESIG
GN
Radiu
us of gyrattion:
Theorretical valuee K=1
K K=
=0.7 K=00.5 K=2
Practiical value K=1
K K=
=0.8 K=0
0.65 K=2
2.1
Effecttive length
h:
.
Slend
derness ratio:
.
.
Colum
mn constaant:
2
LONG
G COLUMN
N S.R > CC Euler forrmula:
Pagge 1 of 36
Allowable Mechanical Design Formulas for Open Book Exam
SHORT COLUMN S.R < CC Johnson formula:
. 1
4
Allowable load:
Crooked Column:
1 . .
1 0
0.5 4
Eccentrically Loaded Columns:
⁄ 1 . sec
2
1 . sec
2
sec 1
2
Page 2 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
DESIGN
N OF CHAIN
N DRIVE
Strand
d Factor:
Design
n Power:
Speed Ratio:
Pagge 3 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for Open Book Exa
am
Pagge 4 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for Open Book Exa
am
Pagge 5 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for Open Book Exa
am
Pagge 6 of 36
Allowable Mechanical Design Formulas for Open Book Exam
Number of Teeth on the Large Sprocket:
Actual Expected Output Speed:
Pitch Diameters of The Sprockets:
and
Note: The (sin) function must be calculated in (Deg) form.
The Assumed Center Distance Between Sprockets :
≅ 30 50
The Chain Length in Pitches:
2
2 4
The Actual Center Distance for Integer and Even Chain Length:
1 8
4 2 2 4
= The Integer and Even Chain Length, in (Pitches)
The Angle of Wrap of the Chain for Each Sprocket:
180 2 sin 120
2
180 2 sin
2
Page 7 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Pagge 8 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Pagge 9 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
DESIGN
N OF BELT
T DRIVE
Design
n Power:
Selectiion Chart for V‐Beltt:
Page
e 10 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Powerr rating: 3V
V belts
Powerr rating: 5V
V belts
Page
e 11 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Powerr rating: 8V
V belts
Powerr added ve
ersus spee
ed ratio:
Angle of wrap:
sin
Page
e 12 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Correcction facto
or of wrap
p angle :
Trial ceenter disttance:
Requirred belt le
ength:
.
Final center disttance:
w
where .
Page
e 13 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Length
h correctio
on factor:
Actual rated pow
wer:
Page
e 14 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
DESIGN
N OF SPUR
R GEAR
Design
n Power:
Nomin
nal velocitty ratio:
No. of teeth for Gear:
Page
e 15 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Pitch d
diameterss:
,
Centerr distance:
Pitch liine speed
d:
Tangen
ntial force
e:
Face w
width:
Nomina
al value of
Bendin
ng Stress Number:
N
Page
e 16 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Contacct Stress Number:
N
Geomeetry facto
or ( J ) for pressure
p aangle (20o):
Page
e 17 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Geomeetry facto
or ( J ) for pressure
p aangle (25o):
Pittingg geometrry factor (II) for presssure anglle (20o):
Page
e 18 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Pittingg geometrry factor (II) for presssure anglle (25o):
Size factor (KS):
Rim th
hickness faactor (KB)::
Page
e 19 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Load d
distributio
on factor (Km):
.
=p
pinion proportion fa
actor
=m
mesh alig
gnment facctor
Dynam
mic factor (Kv):
Page
e 20 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Hardneess ratio factor
f (CH):
)
Reliability factor (KR):
Numbeer of cycle
es:
( ) = number of loaad applications per revolutio n
Page
e 21 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Stress cycle life (YN):
Pittingg resistancce, stress cycle fact or (ZN):
Page
e 22 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Materials for pinion and gear
g or (SSac, Sat):
Page
e 23 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Page
e 24 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
DESIGN OF HELICAL GEAR
Axial p
pitch and
d Transvers pitch:
, cos
Face w
width:
Geomeetry facto
or ( J ) for normal
n ngle (15o)::
prressure an
Page
e 25 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Geomeetry facto
or ( J ) for normal
n ngle (20o)::
prressure an
Page
e 26 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Geomeetry facto
or ( J ) for normal
n ngle (22o)::
prressure an
Page
e 27 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
mal pressure angle (20o):
Pittingg geometrry factor (II) for norm
mal pressure angle (25o):
Pittingg geometrry factor (II) for norm
Page
e 28 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
DESIGN
N OF BEVEEL GEAR
Face width
w . , ,
Pinion
n mean radius ⁄ sin
s wheere taan ⁄ ,
Gearr mean raadius ⁄ sin where taan ⁄ ,
Pitcch line speed , aand Tang
gential forrce,
Bendin
ng Stress Number:
N
Contacct Stress Number:
N
Geomeetry facto 2 o pressu
or ( J ) for 20 ure angle and 90o shaft anglee:
Page
e 29 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Pittingg geometrry factor (II) for 20o normal pressure
p angle and 990o shaft angle:
Load d
distributio
on factor (Km):
Page
e 30 of 36
Allowable Mechanical Design Formulas for Open Book Exam
Dynamic factor (Kv):
.
For checking must be greater than ( ), if its
not achieved then a higher quality number should be specified
Note : The calculation of inverse tangent must be in radians
The factors , and are the same as , and
Using . allows the use of the same allowable contact stress as for
spur and helical gear
Page 31 of 36
Allowable Mechanical Design Formulas for Open Book Exam
DESIGN OF WORM GEAR
No. of threads or starts for Worm (from 2 to 8 or more)
Diametral pitch (3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 24 , 32 , 48)
Pressure angle (14.5o , 20o , 25o , 30o )
nominal velocity ratio
Circular pitch for Gear ⁄ axial pitch for worm ,
normal circular pitch , and the face width of gear
The Lead
The pitch diameter of the worm within
. .
The lead angle ⁄
The pitch line speed of the worm and gear
,
The sliding velocity
⁄ ⁄
Page 32 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
The co
oefficient of
o friction
n
The output torrque ,
Frriction force , Power loss
l / ,
Input Poower
Effficiency
Page
e 33 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Bendin
ng Stress:
Surface Durabiliity (Rated
d Tangentiial Load):
.
Lewis fform facto
or for worrm gear teeeth
The dyynamic loaad factor:
⁄ ( in ft/min)
The dyynamic loaad:
⁄
The maaterial facctor:
Sand-C
Casting Bronzes:
B
.
. .
.
Static--Chill-Cast or Forg
ged Bronzzes:
.
. .
.
Centriifugally Cast
C Bronzes:
. .
Page
e 34 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
Notee: if stand
dard addeendum gears are ussed,
The efffective face width in
i inches:
.
. .
The Raatio correcction facto
or :
.
.
.
.
.
.
Page
e 35 of 36
Allowa
able Mech
hanical Design
D Fo
ormulas for
f Open Book Exa
am
The veelocity factor ( ):
.
.
.
.
.
.
Design
n conditions:
Firrst condittion
. ,
. )
Secoond condiition
Thiird condittion
Page
e 36 of 36
