NAME NIDA MUKHTAR
ROLL NO 70096051
SUBJECT Pharmaceutical Technology
SECTION 9th B
ASSIGNMENT NO 2
INSTRUCTOR Sr Muhammad Farooq
WHY WE USE DOSAGE FORM?
A pharmaceutical dosage form is the entity that is administered to patient so that they
receive an effective dose of a drug. It is a formulation that typically contains drug
substance(s) and excipients in quantities and physical form designed to all the accurate and
efficient administration of the drug substance to the human or animal patient.
Some common examples are tablets, capsules, suppositories, injections, suspensions,
transdermal patches, etc.
Definition: The manner in which drug substance are presented in the market (e.g- solids,
liquids or semi solids) Need for convert drug to dosage forms:
1-Accurate dose.
2-Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed ampoules. 3-Protection from gastric juice.
4-Masking taste and odour (to make palatable). 5-Placement of drugs within body tissues. 6-
Sustained release medication.
7-Controlled release medication.
8-Optimal drug action.
9-Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal, vaginal) 10-Use of desired vehicle for insoluble
drugs.
Need for different dosage form of same drug
To minimise discomfort and instant relief and improve patient compliance
Desirable properties of dosage form:
Should:
• Convenient to handle, use and store
• Stable during storage and use
• Withstand mechanical shock during transport
• Flexibility in different drug strength
• Provide expected therapeutic effect
• Extent, drug release, onset, intensity, duration of action predictable
• Economical and elegant
pharmaceutical dosage forms are needed for the following additional
reasons:
1. To provide drug products that bypass the first-pass metabolism e.g., injections, topical
dosage forms etc.
2. To protect the drug substance from the destructive influence of atmospheric oxygen or
humidity e.g., coated tablets.
3. To protect the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the destructive influence of
gastric acid following oral administration of the dosage form e.g., enteric-coated tablets.
4. To mask the bitter, salty, or undesirable taste or odour of drug substances e.g., capsules,
coated tablets, taste-masked suspensions, and flavoured syrup.
5. To provide useful dosage form for administering substances that are either insoluble or
unstable in the desired vehicle e.g., suspensions.
6. To provide rate-controlled drug action e.g., various controlled-release tablets, capsules,
and suspensions.
7. To provide drug products that are stable, effective, and safe for consumption under
specified suitable storage conditions e.g., powders for reconstitution.
8. To provide optimal drug action from topical administration sites g., creams, transdermal
patches, ointments, and ophthalmic, ear, and nasal preparations.
9. To provide sterile, clear, and particulate-free liquid dosage forms of substances e.g.,
injections and eye drops.
10. To provide site-specific and local drug delivery e.g., rectal and vaginal suppositories.
11. To target the drug at the desired site of action e.g., nano-particulate systems, liposomes,
etc.
12. To achieve rapid onset of action through inhalation therapy e.g., inhalants and inhalation
aerosols.
Definitions : Solid dosage forms
1. Powders: Solid dosage forms containing finely divided
2. particles in micron size
3. Tablets: Solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients
4. Granules: Aggregate of particles
5. Capsules: Drug enclosed with gelatine capsule
6. Cachets: Drugs enclosed with wafer sheet of rice
7. Pills: Small tablet containing excipients
8. Lozenges: Solid preparations containing sugar and gum used to medicate mouth
and throat
9. Suppositories: Solid dosage containing medicaments with suitable suppository
base that inserted in to the body cavities other than mouth, like rectum, nose,
ear
10. Poultices: Solid dosage form converted to paste like preparation used externally
in the skin to reduce inflammation
Definitions: Liquid dosage forms
1. Collodions: Liquid preparations for external use having
2. nitro cellulose used to protect the skin
3. Droughts: Liquid preparations for oral containing medicaments available in single
dose or multiple dose
4. Elixirs: Liquid preparation for oral containing medicaments with suitable
excipients
5. Emulsions: Biphasic liquid dosage form for oral containing medicaments in which
fine oil globules dispersed in continuous phase
6. Suspensions: Biphasic liquid dosage form for oral containing medicaments in
which fine solid particles suspended in continuous phase
7. Enemas: Liquid preparation for rectal containing medicaments
8. Gargles: Concentrated aqueous solutions for external use used to treat throat
infections
9. Gels: Aqueous colloidal suspensions containing medicaments used as antacids
10. Linctures: Viscous, liquid oral preparations used to relief cough
11. Lotions: Liquid preparations for external application usually applied without
friction
12. Liniments: Liquid preparations for external application usually applied with
friction
13. Mixtures: Liquid oral preparations containing one or more medicaments
14. Mouth washes: Concentrated aqueous solutions for external use used to treat
mouth infections and oral hygienic
15. Nasal drops: Liquid preparations containing medicaments that are instilled in to
the nose with a dropper used to treat nose infections and blockage of nose
16. Paints: Liquid preparations for external application to the skin or mucous
membrane with soft brush
17. Solutions : Clear liquid preparation containing with or without medicaments used
to internal or external preparations
18. Syrups: Sweet, viscous, concentrated liquid preparations containing with or
without sugar and medicaments
Definitions: Semisolid dosage forms
1. Ointments: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing
1. with or without medicaments with suitable ointment base
2. Creams: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing with or without
medicaments with suitable fatty base
3. Paste: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing high proportion of
finely powdered medicaments with suitable fatty base
4. Gels: Transparent semisolid dosage forms for external use containing hydrophilic
or hydrophobic base with gelling agents
5. Poultices: Semisolid dosage forms for external use containing medicaments
applied to the skin to hold the dressing and protective
Definitions: Gaseous dosage forms
1. Aerosols: Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles with gas used to apply drug
to respiratory tract having atomiser with in device
2. Inhalations: Internal liquid preparations containing medicaments dissolved in
suitable solvent or if insoluble suspended in the propellent
3. Sprays: Gaseous preparations of drugs containing alcohol applied to mucous
membrane of nose or throat with atomiser or nebuliser
References:
https://www.pharmapproach.com/12-importance-of-dosage-forms/
www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-
pharmaceutical-science/drug-dosage-form
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19108798/
