UNIT Practr(e Numeucals

YDm Uneversal galu

A) Roalisatun of Banc jats
Excluseve

NAND
NOT 9 t uknq
Y= A-
= AA =A
AND Galo ueng
AB
A NAND Qatels
y=AB
= AB

D
A
Y= A B= At3
Usinq_d Morgans
theore
NAND qal
CR Gjati usen

A Y= A.B - AtB
AB

us NAND 9all
NOR Gati n
AAD AB
Y= ABt AB
A
A
Ex-0 R UStn
B.A AB
NAND G
 A A 13

A Y- ADB
A B-t Ab

A B6
2al
EXNOR from
NAND

conVert all gatas r

Qustron to
6) actce
NOR qat

Boolian pression
Prove thu ollowrnq uakng.
PrDve . =AtBC
i) A+AB =A i) AtB )A+¢)

)( AT6 )CAB)
= o
AB
uAtB )+
AB =I
W) AB + + AGt
vAB +ABC +AB A = A

Vi) AB +A tAD
tAB =

vii) A + +

eln: i) AtAB A1TB) A1 = A

u)A+ B AG)) (A +8 )CAG)

CA +BC tAS =A
(A+3
tAB tB B)CAG)
AAt AB
= (A +A + ) ( = /A + B(ItA)|LAG

AB CAB) AAB+ + = o +0 =o
 Convert th exbraRten Y= A + Ac +0

into Stantard CoP om

AB+ AC+BC
Srn Y
Mi Muse. Misseng
C B A
letural + T t s Complimw
Adding muce m,

ACC+) +A (Bt@)t BeAtA)

+AC B tACB + GCA +BCA
ABC + ALC
L
ABC tA6c
ABC+ABG )+ (A C+ABC )+
.xtX=X
=ABc + ABc + ABC + ABC
y
Standard SoP
all ute rls
Contauning

Cenvert th esprssin Y=[A te CA tC )CBtT)

énte Stovndord POsrm

Y=(A+B
CA+¢) CB +T)

Miseins Miing
MiunG A
c
tC
7 =
CA ++c (A tC + BB AA tB
CA+0tC CA++T)(AtC
L
+B)CAtCtB)
CBtT+A B + +A XtcC
CxtcA)
 AB+ AB + AG +AB
B CA+A) + (A tA) B 1 +0 1

V A + ABC + AB AB (1tC) +AB

AB +AG A (B+6) A

AG +A+AB
USuia. de Morgans heotom,
AB = A+ 13

AtG+A+ AB = A +8 +AB

Usuia de Morgans thoren

At etC

=A B A
A +B t A B = A 6
AB

=A (A +6)
= A AB+A BB.
D

O t A 0 =

Vi) AB + + B +AB =1

tAB +AB tAG =(A tA )8 A +A)B

AB Y

= IB +16 = +F
B+
 Convert the exbrikteon Y= A +Ac t0C
into Stadard Sof -Pom

AB+ AC +BC
Srtn Y
Missing Mu Missens
C
A
+ Tts Complimut
Adding misso Lituml

y = A(C+) +A (B+ 6)+ Bc(AtA

B tACB + BCA +BCA
ABC+AC +AC

ABC tA6c
ABc+ABC )+ (AC+ ABC )t
ABC+ABC +A BC xtx= X
ABC+

Standarc SoP
Cotrunin all utunls

Cenvert thu exprsin Y=[At6 XA t¢)CGFT)

POSrm
ente Stmdord
CAtC) C +T)
Y=(A+0)

Miseng Meins Missin

AO
c
+BB AA +8 tc )
7
=
CA + B +cc) (A t c
x B)CAtct)
OCA+6+T) (AtC+
=
(A +8+c
CBtiAB+T +A ) X +cc

L =Cxtc)(tt)
 -Ma Minimitalinn
2 Varalle Stnulue k-ma

A F-fA,A)
Comnatim = A =4

Msh LSA
3 Vanalk Stncture k map F-[CA,Ac)
Comlain aln = 2=
C C
CO

Thu Coqunce
A M
iloos 9my Crda
A
and net nay

Vaiake Stnuulwra k - map

- 2-16
F-f CA, 6,c,D) Cemar natrm

A CD cD TD CD

AB 00
YMc

A M

AB lo he OW
 But A++C) CA tC+6) =
(A +B+

8 CA t B+C )CA +0tC) =(A t0+

Y A+6+C )(A +0+ XA tB+)

A 4tC)
Stondanrd Pos frm

F o r thu tnuth tulbk , Onit thu lngi.

SoP Lom
expressin in stendard

Firct we ototaun
A BC ) d u c k koTm
Mo o O
hawèng Cembenatm

O er dniih y= |
2 add(oR ) Tmti-
L ) we.
a
m
BC +A BC
m y= A
TT +ABC

Stndard

Sof m
= m, + mt M
m,4,7
6 A loqu al
erraern. . tha chandard
(orm "au fels
+ABT +ABC +ABC
Y =ABc
Min mue. t wni. the k- mab ichnuqLu

Solv
AA PBC AC BC
AB
A

ABC

+AAC
Y= AB +AC
e alise Khu Lilactn
k map
Using inimln Numbe of
eybresior usen
Y=m(1,2,3,4,S,*7,,13,1)
gal

Cetn CD CD CD
10
Y- A BC+D
AA

AB D
A

AB 10
 A
A A bc

Y-Asc +D
c
D
minimum qal
with
Realizatuwn

t h o f oowins
llowins
usen
useng. Map
KMap
SMinimue

2, 5, 13,Is)
Y-m°,1,

CD CD
D
AtBs

Ab

AB
L tAcD
BCD
+ABC+
Y= Ae5
+AB D