STUDY GUIDE MODULE 17: EVOLUTION AND ITS SOCIAL REPERCUSSIONS.

1. Who were the naturalists whose evolutionary theory is based on

adaptation and natural selection?

A) Alfred Wallace and Charles Lyell.

B) Jean Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin.
C) Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace.
D) Charles Lyell and Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

2. Which option contains the words that complete the following sentence?
The ____________ is the set of all living beings and species that exist on
earth and their interaction and is the result of the __________ of life over
millions of years.

A) Population - Demonstration.
B) Biodiversity - Manifestation.
C) Biodiversity - Evolution.
D) Population - Evolution.

3. Which instrument illustrates the independent segregation of alleles

according to Mendel's laws?

A. Mendel's Laws
B. Punnet Chart
C. Culture Fund
D. Genotypes

4. Select the option that contains the words that complete the following
description.
The demographic theory developed by Malthus during the industrial
revolution considered that population growth responds to a progression
____________ while the rate of increase of survival resources maintains a
progression ____________.

A) Arithmetic - decreasing.
B) Geometric - arithmetic.
C) Geometric - increasing.
D) Arithmetic - increasing.
 5. How are genetic traits transmitted from parents to offspring of sexually
reproducing organisms?

A. By duplication during the process of genetic recombination during

mitosis.
B. By dependent segregation during the process of genetic recombination
during mitosis.
C. By duplication during the process of genetic recombination during
meiosis.
D. By dependent segregation during the process of genetic recombination
during meiosis.

6. What is the science that studies the reconstruction of phylogeny or

evolutionary history?

A) Genetics.
B) Taxonomy.
C) Biodiversity.
D) Systematic.

7. Complete the following sentence.

The ___________ was proposed by Auguste Comte and proposes that
humanity as a whole and the individual is determined to pass through
different social states corresponding to different degrees of intellectual,
metaphysical and scientific development.

A) Phenomenalist theory.
B) Law of the three states.
C) Rationalist theory.
D) Theory of realism.

8. What is the practice that aims to increase the endowment of desirable

genes by reproducing "high quality" beings using assisted reproductive
techniques?

A. In vitro fertilization
B. Artificial insemination
C. Negative Eugenics
D. Positive Eugenics
 9. Which of the following concepts is widely used in the interdisciplinary
community of science, technology and society studies to designate the
social and technological context of science?

A) Technology.
B) Technoscience.
C) Knowledge.
D) Technology.

10. Select the phrase that completes the following sentence:

During the experiments performed by Mendel when he controlled a single

character such as flower color for example, he called all these plant species
of the first F1 generation he obtained from genetically pure lines:
____________.

A) Monohybrids.
B) Co-dominant.
C) Dihybrids.
D) Homozygous.

11. Select the option that completes the following sentence:

The development of increased pest resistance and the proliferation of
weeds affect: _____________________.

A. Equilibrium of ecological systems

B. Crop relocation process
C. Chemical industry earnings
D. Profitability of agricultural crops

12. What is the name given to the offspring of two different varieties, for
example tall plants and short plants obtained in a first cross?

A) Second generation.
B) Monohybrids.
C) Dihybrids.
D) Pure lines.
 13. To conduct his experiments, Morgan selected a species of fruit fly called
Drosophila Melanogaster.

Which of the following are advantages in the choice of that species?

1. It is a common insect, generally harmless.

2. It has only 5 pairs of chromosomes.
3. It is a species that reproduces prolifically.
4. It has only 4 pairs of chromosomes.
5. The existence of a large number of different varieties.

A) 1,4,5
B) 2y5
C) 1,3,4
D) 3y5

14. Complete the following sentence:

Heritable variations in the characters of individuals are due to:

_______________.

A) Activity.
B) Mutations.
C) Mobility.
D) Food.

15. What is the total set of genes in a population called?

A. Genetics
B. Gene pool
C. Gene mutation
D. Genetic variability

16. Which of the following concepts includes several levels of biological

organization, encompasses plant and animal species living in a site, their
genetic variability, the ecosystems of which these species are part and
the landscapes or regions where the ecosystems are located, and also
includes the ecological and evolutionary processes that occur at the
gene, species, ecosystem and landscape levels?
A) Biome.
B) Biodiversity.
 C) Habitat.
D) Biosphere.

17. Which of the options completes the following sentence?

One area of application of genetic variability techniques is the:

______________.

A) Agroecology.
B) Organic chemistry.
C) Aquaculture.
D) Biotechnology.

18. What is the name given to the evolutionary force that acts together with
natural selection to change the characteristics of species over time?

A) Mutation.
B) Gene flow.
C) Recombination.
D) Genetic drift.

19. What is genetic drift?

A) Gene sorting that occurs during the transmission of gametes from parents to
offspring.
B) Mutation of genes that occurs in the transmission of gametes from parents
to offspring.
C) Loss of genes that occurs during the transmission of gametes from parents
to offspring.
D) Loss of genetic variability that occurs in the transmission of gametes from
parents to offspring.

20. What do you do when someone is talking about neo-Darwinian theory

and gets what they say wrong in your presence?

A) Nothing, because you don't think it's worth putting him on the spot at the
time.
B) You correct it so that it learns the aspects in which you have mastery.
C) You intervene in a way that makes it clear that you are mocking even if it is
not your intention.
D) You criticize it, but your opinion seems harsh as an indicator of your
knowledge.

21. Select the option that completes the following description:

Galton defined eugenics as "the science that: __________"

A) It studies the morality of human behavior.

B) It is used by humans to alter the DNA of an organism.
C) It studies the composition, physiology and heredity of organisms.
D) Seeks to improve the innate qualities of a breed.

22. What is a point mutation?

A. A chromosome region is lost.

B. One nitrogenous base is substituted for another.
C. One amino acid is substituted for another and its structure is changed.
D. One region of a chromosome is exchanged for another.

23. Who discovered nucleic acids?

A) Avery.
B) Meischer.
C) Signer.
D) Mendel.

24. What is the name given to the representation of human chromosomes,

when they are arranged in pairs starting with the longest chromosome in
a photomicrograph?

A) Karyotype.
B) Recombination.
C) Locus.
D) Mutation.

25. Which of the following nitrogenous bases are common in the structure of
ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids?
1. Adenine.
2. Thymine.
 3. Guanine.
4. Cytosine.
5. Uracil.

A) 2,3,4
B) 2,4,5
C) 1,2,5
D) 1,3,4

26. Which of the following are benefits of transgenic plants?

1. Desirable traits such as delayed harvests.

2. Resistance to attack by organisms.
3. Nitrogen removal.
4. Addition of a special nutrient beneficial to humans.

A) 2, 3 y 4
B) 1y3
C) 1y4
D) 1, 2 y 4

27. Select the characteristics of somatic cells:

1. They form the growth of tissues and organs of a living being.

2. They are derived from stem cells originated during embryonic
development.
3. They have the form 4n.
4. They are from which the gametes are formed.
5. In humans they are diploid.

A. 1, 3, 4
B. 2, 4, 5
C. 1, 2, 5
D. 2, 3, 5

28. Select the option that completes the following sentence:

One of the risks of GM foods is that when these crops pollinate other non-
GM crops, there is genetic contamination, which can generate:
__________________.
A) Genetically pure crops with transgenic seeds.
B) Disappearance of transgenic foods.
C) Coexistence between transgenic and non-transgenic foods.
D) Disappearance of non-GMO foods.

29. Which of the following contains two of the principles of Bioethics?

A) Moral ethics, autonomy.

B) Autonomy, distributive justice.
C) Non-maleficence, deontological.
D) Charity, legal.

30. Complete the following definition:

Bioethics is a science because it is____________________.

A) The body of scientifically ordered knowledge to create products that

satisfy special needs.
B) Used to designate knowledge in the social and technological context of
science.
C) A set of systematically structured knowledge that can be articulated with
each other.
D) The set of knowledge obtained by intuition and experience through the
senses.

31. Select the option that completes the following description:

Based on principles and values of medical ethics, Special Bioethics

analyzes the: ________________________.

A) Application of state-of-the-art technology.

B) Alteration of evolutionary processes.
C) Use of techniques to prolong life.
D) Commercialization of advances in medicine.

32. Complete the following description with the correct words.

A modern practice that has developed in industrialized countries with a
tradition in genetic and medical research is related to the alteration of the
evolutionary process. This is ___________.
A) Organ transplantation.
B) Sterilization.
C) Cloning.
 D) Organ donation.

33. Which of the following contains an interpretation of the purpose of

Bioethics?

A) Search for solutions to ethical value conflicts caused in science by human

action.
B) Encountering conflicts and solutions of moral and ethical values in the world
of science in general.
C) Search for solutions to moral value conflicts in the world of biomedical
intervention.
D) Reconciliation between conflicts of moral values in the world produced by
biomedical intervention.

34. Complete the following text with the missing words in the two spaces:
According to American bioethics, the principle called ______________
states that it is the physician's obligation to respect the decisions of the
patient or experimental subject as to whether or not to take a certain
therapy or treatment. In order for the patient to make a morally
responsible decision, he/she should have all the relevant information
about the case for _______________.

A. Justice - Demand the right to health, inherent to the human being.

B. Beneficence - Mutual benefit.
C. Patient autonomy - To give informed consent.
D. Non-maleficence - Do no harm to the patient.

35. Transplanting tissues and organs from one person to another is a

complex process, but it is being done successfully. Considering the
functioning of the immune system, what is the reason for rejection of a
transplanted organ or tissue?

A. No drugs compatible with the patient's follow-up have been prescribed.

B. The organism attacks any foreign living agent that enters it.
C. Deterioration in the functions of the transplanted organ is induced.
D. There is an incompatibility between the donor and the recipient of the organ.
36. What is the name of the process that records the flow of blood through
the chambers and valves of the heart and blood vessels and is useful for
detecting heart problems in the fetus?

A) Ultrasound.
B) Echocardiography.
C) Tomography.
D) X-ray.

37. What is the name given to the high frequency wave (above 20000 Hz)
that is not perceptible to the human ear, which, upon encountering an
obstacle, will be reflected in part and the part that penetrates will do so to
the next obstacle and is a technique used in medical diagnostics?

A) Electromagnetic.
B) Infrasound.
C) Ultrasound.
D) Sonic.

38. What is the name given to the set of techniques available to determine
the proper formation and correct development of the fetus before birth in
order to correct early, as far as possible, any anomalies that may affect
it?

A) Prenatal diagnosis.
B) In vitro fertilization.
C) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
D) Diagnosis of genetic diseases.

39. Complete the following description:

The visible manifestation of genes, e.g. blond hair, brown eyes, aquiline
nose, skin color and height among others, is termed: _______________.

A) Karyotype.
B) Phenotype.
C) Locus.
D) Genotype.

40. What is the name given to the process by which a strand of genetic
material (DNA or RNA) is broken and joined to a different molecule of
genetic material?

A. Speciation
B. Variation
C. Genetic mutation
D. Genetic recombination