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SECTION 230713 - DUCT INSULATION

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract
and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes semirigid and flexible duct, plenum, and breeching insulation;
insulating cements; field-applied jackets; accessories and attachments; and sealing
compounds.
B. Related Sections include the following:
1. Division 7 Section "Through-Penetration Firestop Systems" for firestopping
materials and requirements for penetrations through fire and smoke barriers.
. Division 23 Section "Equipment Insulation" for insulation materials and application for
pumps, tanks, hydronic specialties, and other equipment.
3. Division 23 Section "Pipe Insulation" for insulation for piping systems.
4. Division 23 Section "Metal Ducts" for duct liner.
1.3 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. Materials shall be compatible and shall not contribute to corrosion, soften, or otherwise
attack surfaces to which they are applied in either the wet or dry state. Materials to be used
on stainless-steel surfaces shall meet ASTM C 795 requirements. Materials shall be
asbestos free.
B. Thermal-insulation system materials shall be noncombustible, as defined by NFPA 220.
Adhesives, coatings, sealants, facings, jackets, and thermal-insulation materials, except
cellular elastomers, shall have a maximum flame-spread classification (FSC) of 25 and a
smoke-developed classification (SDC) of 50. Flame-contributed classification (FCC) shall
be as specified for the application. These maximum values shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM E 84 and NFPA 255.
C. Adhesives, coatings, and sealants shall be nonflammable in their wet state. Adhesives,
coatings, and sealants shall have published or certified temperature ratings suitable for the
entire range of working temperatures normal for the surfaces to which they are to be applied.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: Identify thermal conductivity, thickness, and jackets (both factory and field
applied, if any), for each type of product indicated.
B. Shop Drawings: Show fabrication and installation details for the following:
1. Removable insulation sections at access panels.
2. Application of field-applied jackets.
3. Applications at linkages for control devices.
C. Samples: For each type of insulation and field-applied jacket. Identify each Sample,
describing product and intended use. Submit 300-mm square sections of each sample
material.
1. Manufacturer's Color Charts: Show the full range of colors available for each type of
field-applied finish material indicated.

D. Material Test Reports: From a qualified testing agency acceptable to Engineer, indicating,
interpreting, and certifying test results for compliance of insulation materials, sealers,
attachments, cements, and jackets with requirements indicated. Include dates of tests.

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E. Installer Certificates: Signed by the Contractor certifying that installers comply with
requirements.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: Skilled mechanics who have successfully a craft training program
certified by an agency acceptable to Engineer.
B. Fire-Test-Response Characteristics: As determined by testing materials identical to those
specified in this Section according to ASTM E 84, UL-723, NFPA 225 or ANSI A.2.5, by a
testing and inspecting agency acceptable to Engineer. Factory label insulation and jacket
materials and sealer and cement material containers with appropriate markings of applicable
testing and inspecting agency.
1. Insulation Installed Indoors: Flame-spread rating of 25 or less, and smoke-developed
rating of 50 or less.
2. Insulation Installed Outdoors: Flame-spread rating of 75 or less, and smoke-developed
rating of 150 or less.
C. Mockups: Before installing insulation, build mockups for each type of insulation and finish
listed below to demonstrate quality of insulation application and finishes. Build mockups
according to the following requirements, using materials indicated for the completed Work:
1. Include the following mockups:
a. One 3-m section of rectangular straight duct.
b. One 90-degree square elbow and one 90-degree radius elbow.
c. One branch takeoff.
d. One transition fitting.
e. Four support hangers.
2. Build mockups with cutaway sections to allow observation of application details for
insulation materials, mastics, attachments, and jackets.
3. Build mockups in the location indicated or, if not indicated, as directed by Engineer.
4. Notify Engineer seven days in advance of dates and times when mockups will be
constructed.
5. Obtain Engineer's approval of mockups before starting insulation application.
6. Maintain mockups during construction in an undisturbed condition as a standard for
judging the completed Work.
7. Demolish and remove mockups when directed.
8. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time
of Substantial Completion.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Packaging: Ship insulation materials in containers marked by manufacturer with appropriate
ASTM or other approved specification designation, type and grade, and maximum use
temperature.
1.7 COORDINATION
A. Coordinate clearance requirements with duct Installer for insulation application.
1.8 SCHEDULING
A. Schedule insulation application after testing duct systems. Insulation application may begin
on segments of ducts that have satisfactory test results.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MANUFACTURERS

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A. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering

products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the
following:
B. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
following:
1. CertainTeed Manson.
2. Fiberglass Ltd.
3. Johns-Manville.
4. Knauf FiberGlass GmbH.
5. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp.
6. Schuller International, Inc.
7. St. Gobain.
8. Izocam
9. Manson
10. or approved equal
2.2 INSULATION MATERIALS
A. Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation: Glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting resin.
Comply with ASTM C 553, Type II, without facing and with all-service jacket
manufactured from kraft paper, reinforcing scrim, aluminum foil, and vinyl film.
1. Thermal Conductivity: 0.038W/mK at 20 deg. C (68 deg. F).
2. Density : 24kg/m3.
B. Calcium Silicate Insulation: Flat-, curved-, and grooved-block sections of noncombustible,
inorganic, hydrous calcium silicate with a nonasbestos fibrous reinforcement. Comply with
ASTM C 533, Type I.
2.3 ACCESSORIES AND ATTACHMENTS
A. Glass Cloth and Tape: Comply with MIL-C-20079H, Type I for cloth and Type II for tape.
Woven glass-fiber fabrics, plain weave, presized a minimum of 270 g/sq. m.
1. Tape Width: 100 mm.
B. Bands: 19 mm wide, in one of the following materials compatible with jacket:
1. Stainless Steel: ASTM A 666, Type 304; 0.5 mm thick.
2. Galvanized Steel: 0.13 mm thick.
3. Aluminum: 0.18 mm thick.
4. Brass: 0.25 mm thick.
5. Nickel-Copper Alloy: 0.13 mm thick.
C. Wire: 2.0-mm, nickel-copper alloy; 1.6-mm, soft-annealed, stainless steel; or 1.6-mm, soft-
annealed, galvanized steel.
D. Adhesive-Attached Anchor Pins and Speed Washers: Galvanized steel plate, pin,
and washer manufactured for attachment to duct and plenum with adhesive. Pin length
sufficient for insulation thickness indicated.
1. Adhesive: Recommended by the anchor pin manufacturer as appropriate for surface
temperatures of ducts, plenums, and breechings; and to achieve a holding capacity of
45 kg for direct pull perpendicular to the adhered surface.

2.4 VAPOR RETARDERS

A. Mastics: Materials recommended by insulation material manufacturer that are compatible
with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.
PART 3 - EXECUTION

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3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine substrates and conditions for compliance with requirements for installation and
other conditions affecting performance of insulation application.
B. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Surface Preparation: Clean and dry surfaces to receive insulation. Remove materials that
will adversely affect insulation application.
3.3 GENERAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
A. Apply insulation materials, accessories, and finishes according to the manufacturer's written
instructions; with smooth, straight, and even surfaces; and free of voids throughout the length
of ducts and fittings.
B. Refer to schedules at the end of this Section for materials, forms, jackets, and thicknesses
required for each duct system.
C. Use accessories compatible with insulation materials and suitable for the service. Use
accessories that do not corrode, soften, or otherwise attack insulation or jacket in either wet
or dry state.
D. Apply multiple layers of insulation with longitudinal and end seams staggered.
E. Seal joints and seams with vapor-retarder mastic on insulation indicated to receive a vapor
retarder.
F. Keep insulation materials dry during application and finishing.
G. Apply insulation with tight longitudinal seams and end joints. Bond seams and joints with
adhesive recommended by the insulation material manufacturer.
H. Apply insulation with the least number of joints practical.
I. Apply insulation over fittings and specialties, with continuous thermal and vapor-retarder
integrity, unless otherwise indicated.
J. Hangers and Anchors: Where vapor retarder is indicated, seal penetrations in insulation at
hangers, supports, anchors, and other projections with vapor-retarder mastic. Apply
insulation continuously through hangers and around anchor attachments.
K. Insulation Terminations: For insulation application where vapor retarders are indicated, seal
ends with a compound recommended by the insulation material manufacturer to maintain
vapor retarder.
L. Apply insulation with integral jackets as follows:
1. Pull jacket tight and smooth.
2. Joints and Seams: Cover with tape and vapor retarder as recommended by
insulation material manufacturer to maintain vapor seal.
3. Vapor-Retarder Mastics: Where vapor retarders are indicated, apply mastic on
seams and joints and at ends adjacent to duct flanges and fittings.
M. Cut insulation according to manufacturer's written instructions to prevent compressing
insulation to less than 75 percent of its nominal thickness.
N. Install vapor-retarder mastic on ducts and plenums scheduled to receive vapor retarders.
1. Ducts with Vapor Retarders: Overlap insulation facing at seams and seal with
vapor-retarder mastic and pressure-sensitive tape having same facing as insulation.
Repair punctures, tears, and penetrations with tape or mastic to maintain vapor-
retarder seal.
2. Ducts without Vapor Retarders: Overlap insulation facing at seams and secure with
outward clinching staples and pressure-sensitive tape having same facing as
insulation.

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O. Roof Penetrations: Apply insulation for interior applications to a point even with top of roof
flashing.
1. Seal penetrations with vapor-retarder mastic.
2. Apply insulation for exterior applications tightly joined to interior insulation ends.
3. Seal insulation to roof flashing with vapor-retarder mastic.
P. Interior Wall and Partition Penetrations: Apply insulation continuously through walls and
partitions, except fire-rated walls and partitions.
Q. Fire-Rated Wall and Partition Penetrations: Terminate insulation at fire/smoke damper
sleeves for fire- rated wall and partition penetrations.
R. Floor Penetrations: Terminate insulation at underside of floor assembly and at floor support
at top of floor.
1. For insulation indicated to have vapor retarders, taper termination and seal insulation
ends with vapor-retarder mastic.
3.4 MINERAL-FIBER INSULATION APPLICATION
A. Blanket Applications for Ducts and Plenums: Secure blanket insulation with adhesive and
anchor pins and speed washers.

1. Apply adhesives according to manufacturer's recommended coverage rates per

square foot, for 100 percent coverage of duct and plenum surfaces.
2. Apply adhesive to entire circumference of ducts and to all surfaces of fittings and
transitions.
3. Install anchor pins and speed washers on sides and bottom of horizontal ducts and
sides of vertical ducts as follows:
a. On duct sides with dimensions 450 mm and smaller, along longitudinal
centerline of duct. Space 75 mm maximum from insulation end joints, and 400
mm o.c.
b. On duct sides with dimensions larger than 450 mm. Space 400 mm o.c. each
way, and 75 mm maximum from insulation joints. Apply additional pins and
clips to hold insulation tightly against surface at cross bracing.
c. Anchor pins may be omitted from top surface of horizontal, rectangular ducts
and plenums.
d. Do not overcompress insulation during installation.
4. Impale insulation over anchors and attach speed washers.
5. Cut excess portion of pins extending beyond speed washers or bend parallel with
insulation surface. Cover exposed pins and washers with tape matching insulation
facing.
6. Create a facing lap for longitudinal seams and end joints with insulation by removing
50 mm from one edge and one end of insulation segment. Secure laps to adjacent
insulation segment with 13- mm staples, 25 mm o.c., and cover with pressure-
sensitive tape having same facing as insulation.
7. Overlap unfaced blankets a minimum of 50 mm on longitudinal seams and end
joints. Secure with steel band at end joints and spaced a maximum of 450 mm o.c.
8. Apply insulation on rectangular duct elbows and transitions with a full insulation
segment for each surface. Apply insulation on round and flat-oval duct elbows with
individually mitered gores cut to fit the elbow.
9. Insulate duct stiffeners, hangers, and flanges that protrude beyond the insulation
surface with 150- mm wide strips of the same material used to insulate duct. Secure
on alternating sides of stiffener, hanger, and flange with anchor pins spaced 150 mm
o.c.
B. Board Applications for Ducts and Plenums: Secure board insulation with adhesive and
anchor pins and speed washers.

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1. Apply adhesives according to manufacturer's recommended coverage rates for

100 percent coverage of duct and plenum surfaces.
2. Apply adhesive to entire circumference of ducts and to all surfaces of fittings and
transitions.
3. Space anchor pins as follows:

a. On duct sides with dimensions 450 mm and smaller, along longitudinal

centerline of duct.
Space 75 mm maximum from insulation end joints, and 400 mm o.c.
b. On duct sides with dimensions larger than 450 mm. Space 400 mm o.c. each
way, and 75 mm maximum from insulation joints. Apply additional pins and
clips to hold insulation tightly against surface at cross bracing.
c. Anchor pins may be omitted from top surface of horizontal, rectangular ducts
and plenums.
d. Do not overcompress insulation during installation.

4. Cut excess portion of pins extending beyond speed washers or bend parallel with
insulation surface. Cover exposed pins and washers with tape matching insulation
facing.
5. Create a facing lap for longitudinal seams and end joints with insulation by removing
50 mm from one edge and one end of insulation segment. Secure laps to adjacent
insulation segment with 13- mm staples, 25 mm o.c., and cover with pressure-
sensitive tape having same facing as insulation.
6. Apply insulation on rectangular duct elbows and transitions with a full insulation
segment for each surface. Groove and score insulation to fit as closely as possible to
outside and inside radius of elbows. Apply insulation on round and flat-oval duct
elbows with individually mitered gores cut to fit the elbow.
7. Insulate duct stiffeners, hangers, and flanges that protrude beyond the insulation
surface with 150- mm wide strips of the same material used to insulate duct. Secure
on alternating sides of stiffener, hanger, and flange with anchor pins spaced 150 mm
o.c.
8. Apply vapor-retarder mastic to open joints, breaks, and punctures for insulation
indicated to receive vapor retarder.
3.5 CALCIUM SILICATE INSULATION APPLICATION
A. Apply insulation according to the manufacturer's written instructions and as follows:
1. Secure single layer of insulation to duct with stainless-steel bands. Tighten
bands without deforming the insulation material.
2. Apply two-layer insulation with joints tightly butted and staggered at least 75 mm.
Secure inner layer with 1.6-mm, soft-annealed, stainless-steel wire. Secure outer
layer with stainless-steel bands.
3. On exposed applications, without metal jacket, finish insulation with a skim coat of
mineral-fiber, hydraulic-setting cement to surface of installed insulation. When dry,
apply flood coat of lagging adhesive and press on one layer of glass cloth or tape.
Overlap edges at least 25 mm. Apply finish coat of lagging adhesive over glass
cloth or tape. Thin the finish coat to achieve smooth finish.
3.6 FIELD-APPLIED JACKET APPLICATION
A. Apply glass-cloth jacket, where indicated, directly over bare insulation or insulation with
factory-applied jackets.
1. Apply jacket smooth and tight to surface with 50-mm overlap at seams and joints.
2. Embed glass cloth between two 1.6-mm thick coats of jacket manufacturer's
recommended adhesive.
3. Completely encapsulate insulation with jacket, leaving no exposed raw insulation.
3.7 FINISHES

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A. Glass-Cloth Jacketed Insulation: Paint insulation finished with glass-cloth jacket as

specified in Division 9 Section "Painting."
B. Flexible Elastomeric Thermal Insulation: After adhesive has fully cured, apply two
coats of insulation manufacturer's recommended protective coating.
C. Color: Final color as selected by Engineer. Vary first and second coats to allow visual
inspection of the completed Work.
3.8 DUCT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
A. Insulation materials and thicknesses are specified in schedules at the end of this Section.
B. Materials and thicknesses for systems listed below are specified in schedules at the end of
this Section.
C. Insulate the following plenums and duct systems:
1. Indoor concealed supply-, and return air ductwork.
2. Indoor exposed supply-, and return air ductwork.
3. Outdoor exposed supply and return ductwork.
4. Indoor exposed range-hood exhaust ductwork.
D. Items Not Insulated: Unless otherwise indicated, do not apply insulation to the following
systems, materials, and equipment:
1. Metal ducts with duct liner.
2. Factory-insulated flexible ducts.
3. Factory-insulated plenums, casings, terminal boxes, and filter boxes and sections.
4. Flexible connectors.
5. Vibration-control devices.
6. Testing agency labels and stamps.
7. Nameplates and data plates.
8. Access panels and doors in air-distribution systems.
3.9 INDOOR DUCT AND PLENUM APPLICATION SCHEDULE
A. Service: Supply-air ducts.
1. Material: Mineral-fiber blanket.
2. Thickness: 25 mm.
3. Number of Layers: One.
4. Field-Applied Jacket: Foil and paper where concealed; aluminum jacket where
exposed to view or in mechanical rooms.
5. Vapor Retarder Required: Yes.

B. Service: Return-air ducts.

1. Material: Mineral-fiber blanket.

2. Thickness: 25 mm.
3. Number of Layers: One.
4. Field-Applied Jacket: Foil and paper where concealed; aluminum jacket where
exposed to view or in mechanical rooms.
5. Vapor Retarder Required: Yes.

END OF SECTION 230713

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