Passband Data Transmission
PSK
1. A binary signal is applied to a correlator supplied with a phase reference that deviates
from the exact carrier phase by φ radians. Determine the average probability of error
of the system.
2. The signal component of a coherent PSK system is defined by
s (t ) = Ac k sin( 2πf c t ) ± Ac 1 − k 2 cos(2πf c t )
where 0 ≤ t ≤ Tb , and the plus sign corresponds to symbol 1 and the minus sign
corresponds to symbol 0, The first term represents a carrier component included for
the purpose of synchronizing the receiver to the transmitter.
a. Draw a constellation diagram for the scheme described here.
b. Show that, in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise of zero mean and
power spectral density N 0 / 2 , the average probability of error is
1 Eb
Pe = erfc (1 − k 2 )
2 No
where
1 2
Eb = Ac Tb
2
c. Suppose that 10 percent of the transmitted signal power is allocated to the carrier
component. Determine the Eb / N o required to realize a probability of error equal
to 10-4.
d. Compare this value of Eb / N o with that required for a conventional PSK system
with the same probability of error.
QPSK
3. Let PeI and PeQ denote the probabilities of symbol error for the in-phase and
quadrature channels of a digital communication system. Show that the average
probability of symbol error for the overall system is given by
Pe = PeI + PeQ − PeI PeQ
1
Solution:
Passband Data Transmission
1. The transmitted binary PSK signal is
s1 (t ) = Eb φ (t ) and
s2 (t ) = − Eb φ (t )
2
where φ (t ) = cos(2πf c t ) 0 ≤ t < Tb
Tb
The locally generated basis function at the receiver is
2
φ r (t ) = cos(2πf c t + φ )
Tb
2
= [cos(2πf c t ) cos(φ ) − sin(2πf c t ) sin(φ )]
Tb
The correlator output is
Tb
x1 = ∫ x(t )φ r (t )dt
0
Tb 2 Eb 2
=∫ cos(2πf c t ) ⋅ cos(2πf c t + φ ) + n(t ) dt
0 Tb Tb
= Eb cos φ + W Q sin( 2πf c t ) is orthogonal to cos(2πf c t ) over the bit interval
Following the same procedure in G.22 to G.26, the average probability of error is
1 Eb cos φ
p e = erfc
2 N
o
2. a. the constellation diagram is
Tb
Ac k
2
Tb Tb
− Ac
2
(1 − k 2 ) Ac (1 − k 2 )
2
2
b. The signal at the decision input (or the correlator ouput) is
Tb
x1 = ∫ x(t )φ (t )dt
0
= ∫ [si (t ) + w(t )]φ (t )dt
Tb
0
Tb
= ± Eb (1 − k 2 ) + ∫ w(t )φ (t )dt
0
Following a procedure similar to that used for evaluating the average
probability of error for PSK, the new average probability error is
1 Eb
Pe = erfc (1 − k 2 )
2 N
o
c. When Pe = 10 −4 and k2=0.1, we get
1
10 − 4 = erfc(0.9 E b / N o )
2
and then
Eb / N o = 7.74
1 Eb
d. For a conventional PSK system, we have Pe = erfc . In this case, we
2 N
o
find that Eb / N o = 6.92 . Thus the conventional PSK system requires less
Eb / N o
3. Since the individual outputs of the in-phase and quadrature channels are statistically
independent, the overall average probability of correct reception is
Pc = (1 − PeI )(1 − PeQ )
= 1 − PeI − PeQ + PeI PeQ
The overall average probability of error is therefore
Pe = 1 − Pe
= PeI + PeQ − PeI PeQ
