AI AND LAW: AUTOMATED DOCUMENT REVIEW

BBA LLB

1. ABSTRACT:
An new field of research known as automated document review makes use of
techniques from the field of artificial intelligence (AI) to examine and extract
information from legal documents. This process is known as "automated document
review." This technology has the ability to completely revolutionise the way legal
research is carried out by enabling academics to efficiently and reliably discover
essential information from vast quantities of legal texts.
In order to do document analysis and information extraction using automated review,
natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques are
typically combined and used in conjunction with one another. Researchers can save
time and resources by automating the document review process, which enables them
to focus on higher-level analysis and interpretation of the data rather than document
review.
In the context of research, however, automated document evaluation is not without its
share of obstacles to overcome. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for
bias in the algorithms that are utilised, as well as the requirement for continuing
training and monitoring to guarantee that the results are accurate and reliable.
In spite of these obstacles, automated document review has the potential to make legal
research substantially more productive while simultaneously reducing the amount of
time spent on it. It is an interesting field of research that is likely to continue to
advance and broaden in the years to come. The purpose of this article is to provide a
full overview of automated document review in the context of legal research. This
overview will include topics such as the advantages and disadvantages of the
technology as well as the most effective methods for putting it into reality.

2. KEYWORD:
Law, AI, Machine, Automated, processing, Language, Research
3. INTRODUCTION:
The process of utilising software to automatically review and analyse documents,
such as legal contracts, case law, and other forms of legal writing, is referred to as
automated document review. It entails using technologies such as artificial
intelligence and machine learning to detect and extract useful information from vast
volumes of data. This makes it possible to conduct document review work in a more
timely and accurate manner.
When it comes to the process of doing legal research, automated document review has
the potential to completely transform how legal practitioners carry out their research.
Legal researchers can utilise automated document review tools to rapidly and reliably
extract the information they require, rather than spending hours manually reading
papers in order to discover relevant information. This saves the researchers a
significant amount of time.
When conducting research on the law, adopting automated document review can have
a number of advantageous effects, including higher productivity and accuracy,
decreased expenses, and enhanced access to relevant legal material. Yet, there is the
possibility of disadvantages associated with the utilisation of this technology, such as
the possibility of algorithmic bias and the requirement of continuing monitoring and
training in order to guarantee the precision and dependability of the outcomes.
In spite of these obstacles, the topic of automated document review for legal research
is advancing at a breakneck pace and shows a lot of potential for the field of legal
research in the future. This research paper intends to present an overview of the
current status of the field as well as identify topics for additional research and
development. Specifically, the paper will focus on the following: This research study
seeks to contribute to the continued development of a significant technology in the
field of law by analysing the advantages and disadvantages of automated document
review as well as the most effective methods for putting it into reality.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Automated document review has become an increasingly important topic in the legal
field, as more and more legal professionals are turning to technology to help them
efficiently and accurately review large volumes of documents. The following
literature review provides an overview of some of the key research on automated
document review.

One study by Al-Mamun, Khan, and Mahbub (2019) explored the use of natural
language processing techniques for automated document classification and topic
modeling in the legal domain. The study found that automated document review
techniques could significantly reduce the time and effort required for legal document
review, while also improving the accuracy of the results.

Another study by Dabas and Dahiya (2019) examined the use of machine learning
algorithms for automated document review in the context of intellectual property law.
The study found that machine learning techniques could effectively identify relevant
patents from large patent databases, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the
patent search process.

In a study by Li, Wu, and Hu (2018), the authors explored the use of deep learning
algorithms for automated document review in the context of contract management.
The study found that deep learning techniques could accurately identify key clauses
and provisions in contracts, providing significant time and cost savings for contract
review.

While there are many potential benefits to using automated document review
techniques in the legal field, there are also potential drawbacks and limitations to
consider. For example, there is a risk of algorithmic bias in automated document
review, which could lead to inaccuracies or unfair outcomes. As a result, ongoing
monitoring and training are critical to ensure the accuracy and fairness of automated
document review techniques.

Overall, the research on automated document review suggests that this technology
holds great promise for the future of legal research and document review. However,
further research is needed to fully understand the benefits and limitations of
automated document review, as well as best practices for implementation and
monitoring.
5. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for automated
document review:
Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques play a crucial role in automated
document review. NLP is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that focuses on the
interaction between computers and humans using natural language. It involves the
application of computational techniques to analyze, understand, and generate human
language.
In the context of automated document review, NLP techniques are used to analyze and
extract relevant information from large volumes of text-based documents. This
involves several stages, including document pre processing, text segmentation, named
entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling.
Document pre processing involves the removal of noise from the text, such as
punctuation marks, stop words, and special characters. Text segmentation involves
breaking the text into smaller segments, such as paragraphs or sentences. Named
entity recognition involves identifying entities in the text, such as people,
organizations, and locations.
Sentiment analysis involves determining the sentiment of the text, such as positive,
negative, or neutral. Topic modeling involves identifying the topics covered in the
text.
NLP techniques can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of automated
document review. By automating the process of extracting relevant information from
large volumes of text-based documents, NLP can help researchers save time and
resources, and also help ensure that important information is not overlooked.

6. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for document classification and

extraction:
Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can be used for document classification and
extraction in automated document review. ML is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence
that involves the use of statistical techniques to enable computers to learn from data,
without being explicitly programmed.
In the context of automated document review, ML algorithms can be trained on large
volumes of text-based documents to classify them into predefined categories or
extract relevant information from them. This involves several stages, including data
pre-processing, feature extraction, model selection, and evaluation.
Data pre-processing involves cleaning and preparing the data for training, such as
removing noise and converting the text to a suitable format. Feature extraction
involves selecting the most relevant features from the data, such as keywords or
phrases, to enable the ML algorithm to learn from the data.
Model selection involves choosing an appropriate ML algorithm, such as a decision
tree or neural network, and training it on the data. The model can then be used to
classify new documents into predefined categories or extract relevant information
from them.
Evaluation involves assessing the performance of the ML algorithm, such as its
accuracy or precision, and refining the model as needed.
ML algorithms can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of document
classification and extraction in automated document review. By enabling computers to
learn from large volumes of text-based documents, ML can help researchers save time
and resources, and also help ensure that important information is not overlooked.
7. Comparison of different automated document review tools and tech:
Automated document review tools and technologies have rapidly evolved in recent
years due to advancements in natural language processing (NLP), machine learning
(ML), and other related fields. There are various tools and technologies available for
automated document review, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
One of the most popular tools for automated document review is LexisNexis, which
uses NLP and ML techniques to extract relevant information from large volumes of
legal documents. Other popular tools include Relativity, Catalyst, and Everlaw, each
with its own unique features and capabilities.
When comparing different tools and technologies, it is important to consider factors
such as accuracy, speed, ease of use, scalability, and cost. Some tools may be more
accurate but slower, while others may be faster but less accurate. Additionally, some
tools may be more user-friendly and easier to navigate, while others may require more
technical expertise to operate.
It is also important to consider the specific needs and requirements of the organization
or research project when selecting an automated document review tool or technology.
For example, a research project focused on a specific legal topic may require a tool
that is tailored to that particular area of law, while a law firm may need a tool that is
capable of handling a wide range of legal documents.
Overall, the field of automated document review is constantly evolving, and there are
many different tools and technologies available to meet the needs of researchers, legal
professionals, and other users.

8. Benefits and limitations of automated document review in the legal

industry:
Automated document review has become increasingly prevalent in the legal industry
as a way to streamline document review and reduce the costs and time associated with
manual review. Some of the benefits of using automated document review in the legal
industry include:
BENEFITS
Improved accuracy: Automated document review tools are designed to minimize
human error, resulting in more accurate and consistent document review.
Increased efficiency: Automated document review tools can process large volumes of
documents in a fraction of the time it would take a team of human reviewers to
complete the same task.
Cost savings: By reducing the time and resources required for manual document
review, automated document review can significantly reduce costs for law firms and
their clients.
Enhanced compliance: Automated document review can help ensure compliance with
legal regulations and standards, minimizing the risk of legal disputes and penalties.
However, there are also some limitations to the use of automated document review in
the legal industry, including:
LIMITATION
Limitations of technology: Automated document review tools are not infallible and
may miss important information or make errors in document classification or
extraction.
Need for human oversight: While automated document review can improve efficiency
and accuracy, it still requires human oversight to ensure that the results are accurate
and reliable.
 Initial investment: The initial investment in automated document review technology
can be significant, which may deter some law firms from adopting these tools.
Difficulty in handling non-standard documents: Automated document review tools
may struggle with non-standard document formats or those with complex layouts,
such as contracts or legal briefs.
Overall, while there are some limitations to the use of automated document review in
the legal industry, the benefits in terms of increased efficiency, accuracy, and cost
savings make it a valuable tool for law firms and their clients.

9. The future of automated document review in the legal industry:

Automated document review is becoming an increasingly important tool in the legal
industry. The benefits of using these tools, such as increased efficiency, accuracy, and
cost savings, are undeniable. As technology continues to advance, the future of
automated document review looks promising.
One potential area of growth for automated document review is in the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms. These tools are becoming
increasingly sophisticated and are able to perform more complex tasks, such as
identifying patterns and making predictions. This could lead to even more accurate
and efficient document review processes.
Another potential area of growth is in the integration of automated document review
tools with other legal technologies, such as e-discovery software and contract
management systems. This could lead to a more seamless and comprehensive
approach to document review and management.
However, there are also some limitations and challenges to be addressed. One of the
biggest challenges is the need to ensure that these tools are transparent, explainable,
and unbiased. There is also a need to address concerns around data privacy and
security.
Overall, the future of automated document review in the legal industry looks
promising, but it will require continued innovation and careful consideration of ethical
and legal implications.

10.CONCLUSION:
Automated document review has emerged as a powerful tool in the legal industry,
offering numerous benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness.
The use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and Machine Learning
(ML) algorithms has made it possible to automate tasks such as document
classification, extraction, and analysis, which were previously performed manually.
However, there are also limitations to automated document review, such as the risk of
errors and biases, as well as the need for human oversight and interpretation.

Despite these limitations, the future of automated document review in the legal
industry looks promising, with continued advances in technology and the increasing
availability of data. As the demand for faster and more efficient legal services
continues to grow, automated document review will play an increasingly important
role in enabling legal professionals to work more efficiently and effectively.
 BIBLOGRAPHY:

1. Cohen, Aaron M, et al. “Studying the Potential Impact of Automated Document

Classification on Scheduling a Systematic Review Update.” BMC Medical

Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 12, no. 1, 19 Apr. 2012,

https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-12-33. Accessed 16 Apr. 2020.

2. Varghese, Arun, et al. “Supervised Clustering for Automated Document Classification

and Prioritization: A Case Study Using Toxicological Abstracts.” Environment

Systems and Decisions, vol. 38, no. 3, 26 Dec. 2017, pp. 398–414,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-017-9670-5. Accessed 4 Feb. 2020.

3. Baviskar, Dipali, et al. “Efficient Automated Processing of the Unstructured

Documents Using Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review and Future

Directions.” IEEE Access, vol. 9, 2021, pp. 72894–72936,

ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9402739/keywords#keywords,

https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072900.