Name:___________________( ) Class:________________ Date:__________________
Plane Geometry Revision Notes
Angles and Parallel Lines
a+ b=180 ° a+ b+c=180 ° a=b
[adj.∠s on st. line] [∠s at a pt.] [vert. opp.∠s]
If AB//CD a = b If AB//CD a + b = 180°
[corr.∠s, AB//CD] [alt.∠s, AB//CD] [int.∠s, AB//CD]
If a = b AB//CD If a + b = 180° AB//CD
[corr.∠s equal] [alt.∠s equal] [int.∠s supp.]
To prove Congruent Triangles
[S.S.S.] [S.A.S.] [A.S.A.] [A.A.S.] [R.H.S.]
If two Δs are congruent, their corresponding angles and sides are equal.
[corr. ∠s, ≅Δs] [corr. sides, ≅Δs]
To prove Similar Triangles
[A.A.A.] [3 sides prop.] [ratio of 2 sides, inc.∠]
If two Δs are similar, their corresponding∠s are equal, their corr. sides are in proportional.
[corr. ∠s, ~Δs] [corr. sides, ~Δs]
Angles of Triangle Isosceles Triangle
a+ b+c=180 ° [∠sum of Δ]
a+ b=d [ext.∠of Δ]
Isosceles Triangle AB=AC, if one of the condtions
below is true, then the other two
conditions must also be true.
i) d=e
ii) BC⊥AM
If AB=AC b = c If b = c AB=AC iii) BM = MC
[base∠s, isos. Δ] [sides. opp. equal∠s] [property of isos. Δ]
Name Example Point of Special Example
concurrency Property
circumcentr
perpendicular e circumcetre O
bisector (in/out/on OA = OB = OC
side of Δ)
in-centre in-centre I
angle bisector
(insideΔ) ID = IE = IF
AD : DN = 2 : 1
centroid
median BD : DM = 2: 1
(insideΔ)
CD : DP = 2 : 1
orthocenter
(in/outsideΔ
altitude or on vertex) -
*vertex is on
the sides
Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon Sum of Exterior Angles of a Polygon
n-sided polygon: (n−2)×180 ° ¿ 360 °
[∠ sum of polygon] [sum of ext. ∠s of polygon]
Parallelograms Tests for Parallelograms
If ABCD is a parallelogram, i) If AB = DC and AD = BC ABCD is //gram
[opp. sides equal]
ii) If∠A =∠C and∠B =∠D ABCD is //gram
AB = DC; AD = BC [opp. sides of //gram]
∠A =∠C ; ∠B =∠D [opp. ∠s of //gram] [opp. ∠s equal]
AO = OC ; BO = OD [diagonals of //gram]
iii) If AO = OC and BO = OD ABCD is //gram
Rhombuses [diags. bisect each other]
If ABCD is a rhombus,
i) All properties of a // gram. iv) If AD // BC and AD = BC ABCD is //gram
ii) AC⊥BD
iii) interior angle is bisected by diagonal [2 sides equal and //]
(e.g. ∠BCA = ∠DCA)
[property of rhombus]
Rectangles Squares
i) All properties of a // gram.
ii) ∠A =∠B =∠C =∠D = 90∘ i) All properties of a rectangle.
iii) AC = BD ii) All properties of a rhombus.
iv) diagonal bisect each other into 4 equal line iii) Angle between a side and a diagonal
segments. (i.e. AO = BO = CO = DO) is 45∘(e.g. ∠ACB = 45∘)
[property of rectangle] [property of square]
Mid-point Theorem Intercept Theorem
InΔABC, if AD = DB and AE = EC, If AD // BE // CF and AB = BC
DE = EF
i) DE // BC [intercept theorem]
ii) 1
DE= BC
2
[mid-pt. theorem]
Properties of Circle Revision Notes
Chords
If ON AB, If AN = BN, If AB = CD & ON CD If OM = ON & ON CD
& OM AB, & OM AB,
AN = BN ON AB OM = ON AB = CD
from centre to chord line joining centre to equal chords, chords equidistant from
bisects chord mid-pt. of chord chord equidistant from centre centre are equal
Chords Angles
If AN = NB and PNAB If AOB is a diameter,
O is on PN x = 2y x=y x = 90°
bisector of chord ∠at centre twice ∠s in the same segment ∠in semi-circle
passes through centre ∠at circumference
Angles, Arcs and Chords
equal angles ↔ equal chords ↔ equal arcs
[arcs prop. to ∠s at centre] [equal (reason) , equal (result) ]
[arcs prop. to ∠s at circumference] e.g. [equal angles , equal arcs] , etc
Cyclic Quadrilaterals
If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral,
x + y = 180° & a + b = 180° x=y
[opp. ∠s, cyclic quad.] [ext. ∠, cyclic quad.]
Tests for Cyclic Quadrilaterals
If x = y, If x + y = 180°, If x = y,
ABCD are concyclic. ABCD are concyclic. ABCD are concyclic.
[converse of [opp. ∠s supp.] [ext.∠ = int. opp.∠]
∠s in the same segment]
Tangents
If AB is tangent to the circle at P, If AB is tangent to the circle at P,
AB OP If AB & AC are tangents to the x=y
[tangent radius] circle at B & C respectively, [∠ in alt. segment]
AB = AC ; a = b ; x = y
If AB OP, [tangent properties] If x = y ,
AB is tangent to the circle at P AB is tangent to the circle at P
[converse of tangent radius] [converse of ∠ in alt. segment]
