Republic of the Philippines

Province of Bukidnon
Municipality of Don Carlos
DON CARLOS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
Purok 2, Poblacion Norte ,Don Carlos, Bukidnon

“ IMPROVING THE READING SKILLS OF SLOW LEARNERS

IN GRADE 2 OF KAPALARAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
THROUGH PHONICS APPROACH ”

AN ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL

SUBMITTED TO:
ELPEDIO Y. LOMARDA, PhD
Instructor

SUBMITTED BY:
SABALDANA, LOVELY JEAN P.

September 18, 2023

I. CONTEXT AND RATIONALE

Reading is a uniquely human activity characterized by the translation of

symbols,or letters into words and sentences that communicate information
and mean something to the reader. Reading is the key to skillful learning and
better living. The learners who read well develop better understanding and
effective adjustment towards life’s situations. When the learners understand
what they read they could identify, classify, build,organize, synthesize, make
adjustments and arrived at proper decisions. Reading therefore is one of the
potent areas where the learners must be placed under and where an
appropriate design may be addressed or utilized to assure the learners to
learn effectively the basic skills in reading.

It is necessary to get back to the importance of reading for meaning

Reading is central to teaching and learning and it considers the circumstances
in which the developing child is required to extract and apply meaning derived
from the text. Reading comprehension skills become more important as
children progress through the educational system Models of reading
comprehension can help us to understand the different skits and processes
Involved in interpreting the text. The simple view of reading (Gough &
Tunmer. 1986) offers a useful model for characterizing successful reading
Gough and Tunmer (1986 in Clarke, et al. 2014) propose that two skills are
needed in order to read for meaning the ability to recognize or pronounce the
words (decoding) and the ability to understand spoken the language (listening
comprehension)

Improving reading skills of the students is the most problem nowadays

a midst of Corona Virus all over the world that's why the learning of the
learners is affected. Government change the educational system to modular
distance learning which is hard from students to do self-learning. It is more
than 3 years since the Department of Education change the educational
system (face to face classes) to modular distance learning. The method of
teaching in modular is so different from the past method of teaching in which
there is an interaction between learners and the teachers. The researcher
believe that students is lack of learning during modular time.
 Poor reading performance is one of the various problems that a
teacher encountered as she teaches. While such problems could be attributed
to some causes such as social, economic, environmental or psychological
factors. It is then a vital task of all concerned especially the teachers to
improve the quality of instruction to help the slow readers and readers at-risks
acquire the basic knowledge and skills in reading which could be utilized as
avenues to undertake other subject areas prescribed in the curriculum. The
quality of education acquired by the pupils depend largely upon the pupil s’
know how to read and interpret printed materials adequately; and without
such abilities they are barred practically from learning effectively and
meaningfully to the other subjects in the curriculum.

Remedial reading measures would then be expected if the pupils could

not come up with their expected performance. This is one way of knowing and
meeting the needs of pupils. It is through remedial teaching which will help the
pupils in achieving better reading skills and comprehension. When pupils are
given assistance, encouragement and challenges that one intends to improve
performance, they will be inspired to study that would enable them to perform
better than they ordinarily do.

As a result of the Phil. IRI Pre-Test conducted, it is found out that 24

out of 36 or67% of the pupils are slow readers and having difficulties in
recognizing words; while three ( 12 ) or 33% are found at-risks and having
difficulties in sounding out [Link], they belong to the frustration level
in word recognition, much more incomprehension. These pupils are the low
performing and achieving pupils in any of the tests given.

Several factors may have contributed to these reading difficulties. One

factor for most learners is that basic skills in reading have not been fully
developed or mastered. It is for this reason that the researcher conducted an
action research to find some teaching strategies that will improve the oral
reading skills of slow readers in Grade II of Kapalaran Elementary School
using the phonics approach.
II. ACTION RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This action research aims to improve the reading skill of slow readers
in Grade II of Kapalaran Elementary School for the school year 2023-2024
through phonics approach. This will provide the necessary remedial measures
to correct and improve the reading potentials of these pupils.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How to improve the reading skills of the slow readers relative to the
identified reading difficulties?

2. What is the recognition level of each group of pupils after the

phonics approach will be used?

3. Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test

scores in word recognition of the learners after the intervention?

Research Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Phonics Approach Learners Reading Skills

Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the relationship between independent

and dependent variables.
III. HYPOYHESIS OF THE STUDY

Below are the null hypothesis of the study.

Ho1: There is a difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in word
recognition of the learners after the intervention.

Ho2: There is no difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in word
recognition of the learners after the intervention.

IV. PROPOSED INNOVATION, INTERVENTION AND STRATEGY USED

This action research attempts to use the phonics approach to improve

the reading skills of slow readers in Grade II of Kapalaran Elementary School
for the school year 2023-2024.

In the Phonics Approach to reading word recognition is taught by using

the grapheme-phoneme association method. A grapheme is the written letter
(what you see on paper). A phoneme is the sound that the letter represents
(what you hear). Learners are taught the vowels, consonants and blends.
They are then taught to combine the sounds and blend them into words. In
this way the learner read unfamiliar words by using the association of speech
sounds with certain letters or groups of letters. The early introduction of a
phonics program as part of an overall reading approach has become an
almost universal practice in the teaching of reading. The phonics approach
can be added to a basal reading approach as well as the language
experience approach as soon as learners have mastered a basic sight
vocabulary of about 50 - 100 words.

There are two phonics methods used in this study – the synthetic and
the analytical method depending upon the identified reading difficulties of the
learners. Using the synthetic method the sounds are taught in isolation, they
learn that the letter represents a certain sound, e.g. b = buh, and must then
learn to blend the sounds to form words or, in other words, synthesize. The
analytical method, on the other hand, teaches the sound as part of a word,
e.g. b as in bat . The learners learn the new words as the phonic elements are
introduced to them. Using this approach pupils were able to read
independently.

V. ACTION RESEARCH METHODS

a. Participants of the Study

Complete enumeration will be utilized to determine the

participants of this study. The subjects of this action research will be
the slow readers of Grade II of Kapalaran Elementary School for S.Y.
2023-2024.

b. Research Design

This action research relies chiefly on the results of the different

oral reading tests (recognition level) conducted during the period of the
program. The descriptive method of research will be use in the study to
find out the reading performance of the pupils. The data gathered will
be tabulated, evaluated and analyzed using percentages to identify the
reading levels of the learners.

c. Data Collection Method

The study concerns on the reading skills of slow learners in

Grade II of Kapalaran Elemantary School through phonics approach
for school year 2023-2024. Pre-test and post-test oral reading will be
administered to the participants of the study before and after using the
phonics approach. Then, results of the oral reading test were
evaluated as guide in carrying out the necessary remedial measures to
improve reading skills.
 d. Data Analysis Plan

To answer question number 1, oral reading tests (recognition

level) conducted during the period of the program. To answer question
number 3, descriptive statistics will be used mean-and standard
deviation. And to answer question number 3, the data gathered will be
tabulated, evaluated and analyzed using percentages to identify the
reading levels of the learners.

VI. ACTION RESEARCH WORK PLAN AND TIMELINES

GANTT Chart on the implementation of IMPROVING THE READING SKILLS

OF SLOW LEARNERS IN GRADE 2 OF KAPALARAN ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL THROUGH PHONICS APPROACH.

First Secon Third Fourth Second

week d week of week of week of
of week January Januar February
ACTIVITIES/ TASK Janu of 2024 y and 2024
ary Januar first
2024 y 2024 week of
Februa
ry
2024

1. Pre- implementation

 Strengthen the remedial

reading program design
using the phonics
approach to correct and
improve the reading
skills of slow readers.

2. Implementation

 Clustering of slow
readers with common
errors while reading for
 intensive remedial
reading. And conduct
oral reading test after
each component in the
reading program.

3. Post implementation

 Results of the oral

reading test will be
evaluated as guide in
carrying out the
necessary remedial
measures to improve
reading skills.

 Reading corner will be

made attractive and
more functional.

 Using muti-media for

more comprehensive
lessons in phonics.

 Involved parents to make

follow-ups of their
children’s homework.

VII. COST ESTIMATES

Eligible Items Description Quantity Unit Total

Cost Cost

Bond paper 3 200 600

Printer ink 1 200 200

Supplies and Materials Duct tape 3 35 105

Glue 5 20 100

Folders 10 10 200
Decoration for phonics Decoration 2 257 514
approach materials

Communication Internet 1 500 500

expenses

Food expenses (Lunch and snacks) 30 50 1,500

15 persons x 2

Reproduction, printing Photocopy, printing 1500 1,500

and binding and binding

GRAND TOTAL 5, 217

VIII. PLANS FOR DISSEMINATION & UTILIZATION

ACTIVITIES STRATEGIES TIME FRAME PERSON REMARKS

INVOVLED

Informing Sending letter First week of Parents

parents of the January 2024 Teacher
identified Grade Head
5 learners

Meeting with School Second week Parents

the parents of meeting/ of December Teacher
the identified Home 2024 school head
Grade 5 visitation stakeholder
learners

Giving the Pre- Using PHIL- Third week of Stakeholder

test to learners IRI selection December Parents
"Alexander 2024 Teacher
Graham Bell” volunteer
Assessing the Checking the Fourth week Learners
result Pre-test of December teacher
2024

Applying the Video First week of Parents

innovation presentation February Teacher
of PHIL-IRI 2024 learners
selection “Ale stakeholder
xander
Graham Bell”

Assess the Using phonics Second week Learners

learning approach of February teacher
process 2024
IX. REFERENCES

A. Books

Miranda, Benita N. 2008. English For You And Me (Reading) 4NPSBE.

Book Wise Publishing House, Inc.

Punsalan, Twila G. and Gabriel G. Uriarte. 1997. Statistics, A Simplified

Approach. Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Villamin, Araceli M. and Villamin, Chita R. 2005. Remedial Reading.

Handbook for Teachers and Students. Phoenix Publishing House.

B. Unpublished Materials

Effective Reading Intervention Programs | [Link]

[Link]
[Link]#ixzz1bkKMWMnZ

Hanks, S. M.S. CF-SLP (2012) The Effect of Video Presentation and Printed
Reading Materials http/[Link] https:/library/[Link]
X. APPENDICES

Republic of the Philippines

PROVINCE OF BUKIDNON
Municipality of Don Carlos

DON CARLOS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Purok 2, Poblacion Norte, Don Carlos, Bukidnon

September 25, 2023

Imelda Billiones
Principal I
Kapalaran Elementary School
Purok 1, Kapalaran Dangcagan Bukidnon

Madam:

Warmest Greeting!

I am the Bachelor of Elementary Education student currently enrolled in the

Field Study 1 and 2 subject wherein the completion of our Action Research is
a requirement of the subject and said program. The study is entitled
“IMPROVING THE READING SKILLS OF SLOW LEARNERS IN GRADE 2
OF KAPALARAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THROUGH PHONICS
APPROACH. With this, I would like to ask your permission to allow me to
conduct a survey among the selected students at the school.
The said survey would last for 5 days and would be arranged at a time
convenient to the students’ schedule. Participation in the survey is entirely
voluntary and there are no know or anticipated risks to participate in this
study. We further assure to keenly observe all the health and safety protocols
upon the conduct of the interview.

If you agree, kindly sign below acknowledging your consent and permission
for us to conduct this study/survey at your school and return the signed form
on an enclosed envelope.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated. Thank you in
advance for your interest and assistance with this research.

Respectfully yours,

LOVELY JEAN P. SABALDANA

Student
Noted by:

Elpedio Lomarda, PhD

Adviser

Approved by:

IMELDA BILLIONES
Principal I
 APPROVAL SHEET

An Action Ranch Proposal entitled "IMPROVING THE READING

SKILLS OF SLOW LEARNERS IN GRADE 2 OF KAPALARAN
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THROUGH PHONICS APPROACH” prepared and
submitted by LOVELY JEAN P. SABALDANA of Kapalaran Elementary
School, is hereby accepted arid approved by the school research committees.

COOPERATING TEACHER Date signed

SCHOOL PRINCIPAL Date signed

ELPEDIO Y. LOMARDA, PhD

FIELD STUDY TEACHER Date Signed

RUBILYN GRANADEROS
EDUCATION DEAN Date Signed

GEMMA A. QUIMPANG, PhD

COLLEGE PRESIDENT Date Signed

Republic of the Philippines

 PROVINCE OF BUKIDNON
Municipality of Don Carlos

DON CARLOS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Purok 2, Poblacion Norte, Don Carlos, Bukidnon

September 25, 2023

Jorevi T. Virtudes
Principal II
Boc Boc Central Elementary School
Purok 1, Kapalaran Dangcagan Bukidnon

Madam:

Warmest Greeting!

I am the Bachelor of Elementary Education student currently enrolled in the

Field Study 1 and 2 subject wherein the completion of our Action Research is
a requirement of the subject and said program. The study is entitled
“IMPROVING THE READING SKILLS OF SLOW LEARNERS IN GRADE 2
OF KAPALARAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL THROUGH PHONICS
APPROACH. With this, I would like to ask your permission to allow me to
conduct a survey among the selected students at the school.
The said survey would last for 5 days and would be arranged at a time
convenient to the students’ schedule. Participation in the survey is entirely
voluntary and there are no know or anticipated risks to participate in this
study. We further assure to keenly observe all the health and safety protocols
upon the conduct of the interview.

If you agree, kindly sign below acknowledging your consent and permission
for us to conduct this study/survey at your school and return the signed form
on an enclosed envelope.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated. Thank you in
advance for your interest and assistance with this research.

Respectfully yours,

LAIZA JEAN SARTAGODA

Student

Noted by:
Elpedio Lomarda, PhD
Adviser

Approved by:

JOREVI T. VIRTUDES
Principal II