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Section A [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
1 Which simple covalent molecule has the highest standard enthalpy of atomisation?
A NO B N2 C O2 D O3
2 Born-Haber cycle for magnesium oxide is shown below.
MgO(s)
i
A//!
1r ir
Mg(g) 0(g)
A//3 A//4
i' 1r
Mg+(g) CT(g)
A//J A^6
1 ' 1r
2+
Mf ? (g^ 4- f
Which of the following has positive values for all of the enthalpy changes?
A A//,, A//2, AT/3 and A//4
B A//,, A//3, A//5 and A#6
C A//2, A//4, A//, and A//7
D A//3, A//4, A//5 and A//6
3 MgCl2 and NaCl are soluble salts. The enthalpies of solution for both salts are -106 kJ
and +3.9 kJ mol"' respectively. What could be deduced from these information?
A Mg 2+ ion has a higher hydration energy than Na^ ion.
B MgCl2 is more soluble at higher temperatures.
C MgCl, has a higher lattice energy than NaCl.
D NaCl is more soluble than MgCl2.
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4 The standard reduction potentials of two half-cells are given below.
E°/V
Fe3+(aq) + e Fe2+(aq) +0.77
3+ 2+
Co (aq) + e" Co (aq) +1.82
Which statement is true about the above data?
A Fe2+ ion is less stable than Fe3+ ion.
B Co3+ ion can oxidise Fe2+ ion to Fe3+ ion.
C Co2+ ion is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2" ion.
D The e.m.f. of the cell constructed from the two half-cells is 2.59 V.
5 An electrolytic cell is shown below.
Graphite electrode Metal M
KNO3(aq) M(N03)2(aq)
II
At the end of the experiment, 560 cm3 of O 2 was produced at the anode in /, while the mass of
the anode in II decreased by 2.75 g. Which statement is true about the experiment?
[1 mol gas occupies 24.0 dm3 under normal conditions]
A The amount of current flowing through the circuit is 0.023 F.
B The relative atomic mass of metal Mis 58.9.
C The volume of H2 produced in / is 560 cm3.
D The concentration of M(NO3)2 increases.
6 The rusting of iron is an electrochemical process. The half-equations of the rusting of an iron
nail are given below.
Cathode: O2(g) + 2H2O(1) + 4e" ^= 4OH'(aq) E° = +0.40 V
Anode: Fe2+(aq) + 2e~ ^= Fe(s) E° = -0.44 V
Which is not true about the process?
A It occurs at the anode.
B It involves the formation of Fe(OH)2.
C It occurs faster in a solution with higher pH.
D The oxidising agent is O2 gas.
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7 The first ionisation energies of five elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table is shown in the
graph below.
1400-
1200-
First ionisation
energy/kJ mol"1 100
°-
800-
600-
3 4 5 6 7
Proton number
Which statement explains the difference in the first ionisation energies between beryllium and
boron?
A Boron atom has more valence electrons.
B Boron atom has a greater shielding effect.
C Beryllium atom has a more stable electronic configuration.
D The 1p electron in boron atom is at a higher energy level than the 2s electron in beryllium
atom.
8 The acid-base properties of oxides are related to their structure and chemical bonding. Which
oxide dissolved in water to form an acidic solution?
A MgO B A1, C SiO, D SO,
9 Beryllium compounds behave anomalously in the following aspects:
• BeCl2 is acidic in water
• BeO forms [Be(OH)4]2" ion in excess alkali
The reason for this behaviour is because beryllium
A is a small ion
B is a Lewis base
C has a high charge density
D has a low electronegativity value
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10 PbCl4 could be used as a source of C12 gas. Which statement is correct about the property of
PbCl4?
A It is polar.
B It is soluble in water.
C It is a reducing agent.
D It is thermally unstable.
11 Which graph represents the solubility variation of Group 2 sulphates (beryllium to barium) in
the Periodic Table?
B
Solubility/ Solubility/
mol per mol per
100 cm3 100cm 3
of water of water
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Be Mg Ca Sr
Element Element
Solubility/ Solubility/
mol per mol per
100cm 3 100cm3
of water of water
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Be Mg Ca Sr Ba
Element Element
12 The reactivity of halogen on hydrogen decreases down the Group 17 in the Periodic Table.
Which factor explains this observation?
A The bond energy increases
B The melting point increases
C The electron affinity decreases
D The oxidising power decreases
13 Which substance is not a redox product of the reaction between potassium iodide and
concentrated sulphuric acid?
A I, B HI C SO, D H2S
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14 In general, block-d elements (scandium to zinc) have high melting points. Which statement
can best explain this physical property?
A The screening effect is high.
B The structure is close-packed.
C The ionisation energy is high.
D The metallic bonding involves 3d and 4s electrons.
15 Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is a coordination complex. Which is true about the
complex?
A Its ligand is bidentate.
B It is a square planar complex.
C Its structural formula is [Co(en)3]Cl2.
D It forms two ions in aqueous solution.
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V.
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Section B [15 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
16 (a) A part of a structure for a group of rock- forming silicate minerals found in many igneous
and metamorphic rocks is shown in the diagram below.
0 0 0 ? ? ?
O \)
(i) Identify the formula of the basic structural unit found in the silicate mineral rocks.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the common characteristic present in this silicate minerals. Explain your
answer. [2 marks}
(iii) Name the group of minerals which has this silicate structure. [1 mark]
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(b) Another part of the structure of silicate minerals found in rocks is shown in the diagram
below.
O = Si
(i) Name the group of these silicate minerals. [1 mark]
(ii) State the common characteristic present in this silicate minerals. Explain your
answer. [2 marks]
(iii) Name a fibrous mineral with this silicate structure that could be hazardous.
[1 mark]
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17 An element X has three valence electrons occupying 3d and 4s orbitals.
(a) Fill the valence electrons of X'm the energy level diagram below. [1 mark]
•3d
(b) The first ionisation energy of AT is 631 kJ mol '.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the first ionisation energy of X. [1 mark]
(ii) Estimate the second ionisation energy ofX. [\mark]
(iii) What is the most stable oxidation state of A"? [1 mark]
(iv) What is the colour ofX 3 + ion in an aqueous solution? Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
(c) Atom Y and X + ion are isoelectronic. State the group of Y in the Periodic Table. [1 mark]
Group:
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Section C [30 marks]
Answer two questions only in this section.
18 (a) An electrochemical cell is set up using Sn2+(aq)/Sn(s) and Ag (aq)/Ag(s) half-cells.
t^V/sn = -0. 14 V and E\^g = +0.80 V]
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the cell and indicate the direction of flow of cations and
anions. [5 marks]
(ii) Calculate E° for the reaction of cell. [2 marks]
ro 2+-1
(iii) Calculate the -_ I ratio when £cell is zero. [3 marks]
+2
+
[Ag ]
(iv) What is the effect on £cell when a few drops of concentrated aqueous solution of
NaCl is added to the silver half-cell? [3 marks]
(b) State two uses of electrolysis. [2 marks]
19 (a) Describe the thermal stability of tin(IV) oxide and lead(IV) oxide. [5 marks]
(b) PbO2 could be prepared by heating Pb(NO3)2 solution with chlorate(I) solution under
controlled conditions as shown by the ionic equation below.
Pb2+ + CIO" + 2OH" -^ PbO2 + H2O + Cl
(i) Describe the redox reaction involved and state an observation. [4 marks]
(ii) Calculate the volume of 0.105 mol dm"3 chlorate(I) solution required to produce
1.40gofPbO 2 . [3 marks]
(c) The melting point of silicon is 1410 °C while the melting point of diamond is 3550 °C.
Explain the difference of physical properties of silicon and diamond based on their melting points
respectively. [3 marks]
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20 (a) The physical properties of elements of Group 17 in Periodic Table change gradually down
the group.
(i) Describe the physical states and the colours of halogens (F to I) down Group 17.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the variation in their boiling points. [4 marks]
(b) The chlorine content of a sample of bleaching powder, Ca(OCl), could be estimated by
dissolving 1.50 g Ca(OCl)2 in an excess dilute HC1. C12 gas is liberated according to the reaction
below.
ocr + cr + 2H+ ^ ci2 + H2o
By adding an excess of acidified KI aqueous solution, the C12 is quantitatively reduced to
Cf by I~ ions which are then oxidised to I2. The I2 is titrated with a standard solution of sodium
thiosulphate.
(i) Write balance equations for the redox reactions between I2 and S2O32~ ion and
between C12 and I ion. [2 marks]
(ii) Deduce the mole ratio of the reactions OC122~, C12,12 and S2O32~. [1 mark]
(iii) Suggest a suitable indicator for this titration. State the colour changes that occurs at
the end point. [2 marks]
(iv) 26.00 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm"3 sodium thiosulphate solution were required to complete
the reaction. Calculate the percentage of chlorine in the sample of bleaching powder. [4 marks]
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