DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
Introduction
Mohamed Salem, Ph.D.
Helwan University
Faculty of Fine Arts
Department of Architectural Engineering
Introduction to Steel Structures
2
➢ Understand the construction techniques
and material.
➢ Understand the Pros and Cons of Steel
Structures.
➢ Application of Steel Structures.
Construction techniques and material
3
➢ Reinforced Concrete.
➢ Steel Structures.
➢ Blocks or Stone.
➢ Timber.
Advantage of Steel
4
➢ High load carrying capacity.
➢ Well defined and predictable behavior.
➢ Fast construction.
Disadvantage of Steel
5
➢ Cost.
➢ Fire resistance.
➢ Corrosion.
➢ Fatigue.
➢ Frequent Maintenance Requirements.
Course Aims to Teach
6
➢ The properties of structural steel.
➢ Standard and built-up steel profiles.
➢ The basic design theory of structural steel elements.
➢ Steel elements and their functionality within the
structure.
➢ Structural steel connections and their basic design
theory.
Specific Learning Outcomes
7
➢ Understand the common structural steel elements and their
functionality.
➢ Calculate the applied loads on buildings, including DL, LL, and
WL.
➢ Determine the straining actions induced on structural elements.
(Based on the student’s background of Structural Analysis).
➢ Evaluate structural steel element’s size and profile using basic
design theories.
➢ Evaluate connection size and configuration using basic design
strategies.
Format and Procedure
8
➢ PowerPoint presentations.
➢ PDF handouts.
➢ Attending all lectures is essential.
Course Requirements and Grades
9
➢ Assignments and Homework. 10 %
➢ In Class Quizzes. 10 %
➢ Midterm Exam(s). 20 %
➢ Final Exam. 60 %
Course Requirements and Grades
10
➢ Late assignments will never be accepted
unless serious evidence is presented.
➢ Quiz times may or may not be announced
➢ Under no circumstance, Quizzes can be retaken.
➢ Half of the quiz grade is given to the attendance.
➢ All quizzes and exams, including the final exam,
are Open Book and Notes
Course Outline
11
1. Introduction to steel structures.
2. Properties of plane areas.
3. Loads on buildings and structures.
4. Layout of steel structures.
5. Design of tension members.
6. Design of compression members.
7. Bolted shear connections.
8. Structural welding.
9. Design of steel beams.
10. Design of beam-columns.
11. Steel column base.
12. Design of braces.
Applications of Steel Structures
12
Cover (Ceiling) for large spans
Applications of Steel Structures
13
Industrial buildings
Applications of Steel Structures
14
Aesthetics and Cosmetic Applications
Applications of Steel Structures
15
Large span bridges
Applications of Steel Structures
16
Complicated and Challenging Projects
Applications of Steel Structures
17
Stadiums
Applications of Steel Structures
18
Large halls and Airports
Applications of Steel Structures
19
Repair and retrofit of existing structures
Hot Rolled Steel Sections
20
Hollow Box, Steel Plate,
I-Beams or H-Beam Channel, C, or U
Angle, or L or H.S.S. or PL
Hot Rolled Steel Sections
21
Steel Plates Steel Pipes
Cold formed Steel Sections
22
S-Section
Z-Sections C-Section
Roof and Wall Cladding
24
Corrugated Sheets
Roof and Wall Cladding
25
Sandwich Panels
Steel Properties
26
Tensile experiment is used to define the stress-
strain curve of steel
Testing Machine
Test Specimen
Strain
Gauge
Steel Properties
27
The tension force is applied gradually during
the experiment
The stress applied to the test specimen is
calculated by:
Applied Force
Force
Stress =
Area Cross sectional area of
the specimen
Steel Properties
28
The corresponding strain is
measured by a strain gauge
Change in length
L
Strain =
L0 Original length
The stress-strain curve is
developed by plotting the
obtained stress and strain data
Steel Properties
29
The stress-strain curve for steel specimen
typically looks like the following figure
Fu
Fy
Steel Properties
31
Mechanical Properties:
Property Average Value
Modulus of Elasticity, E 210,000 N/mm2 (2100 t/cm2)
Shear Modulus, G G = E / [2(1+n)]
Poisson’s ratio, n 0.3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, a 12 x 10-6/oC
Density, g 7.85 t/m3
Steel Properties
32
Yield and Tensile Strength:
Steel Tensile Strength, fu (t/cm2)
Yield Strength, fy (t/cm2)
Grade Also called Ultimate Strength
St 37 2.4 3.6
St 44 2.8 4.4
St 52 3.6 5.2
Steel versus Concrete
33
Item Steel Concrete
Span range Larger -
Own weight of structure Lighter -
Ease of construction - -
Construction time Faster -
Durability - More
Maintenance Needed Less needed
Fire resistance Less -
Ductility Higher -
