-A type of rhythm in which different elements in a work repeat themselves ina predictable order. -Such variations are seen in progressive rhythm, in which the rhythm of elements of a work of art such as shape, texture, or color change slightly as they move, or progress toward a defined point in the composition. -"All emphasis is no emphasis.” -Directional lines. Lines that lead the eye to a focal point. Pablo re Family of Saltimbanques -Picasso's emphasis on the woman's aloneness draws us to her along the edge of the canvas (Fichner-Rathus 2008). -Is powerful, but, as the British writer Aphra Behn said, “Variety is the soul of pleasure." Without variety, life would comprise a bland sameness, a cookie-cutter existence from which we all shrink. Variety in art, as in life, is seductive. It demands our attention, turns predictable on edge (Fichner-Rathus, 2008). - In art, unity implies harmony. It suggests that the parts of a composition are thereby happenstance; rather, they fit together to forma meaningful whole (Fichner-Rathus, 2008). -Proportion refers to the relative size and scale of the various elements in a design. The issue is the relationship between objects, or parts, of a whole. This means that it is necessary to discuss proportion in terms of the context or standard used to determine proportions. -Is achieved when opposite elements are arranged togetherArt in Early -Is a term used to describe a period of history when stones were used to make tools for survival. ‘ivilization -The term conjures an image of men and women dressed in the skin, huddling before a fire ina cave. -Stone Age roughly span 14,000-2,000 BCE. NEOLITHIC -New Stone Age. *As the early humans started to transition from being nomads to permanent settlers, their everyday activities also had some changes, which is evident through the materials and even the works of art they have created, Despite changes as a result of adapting to their environment, there are central themes in their artworks. Most ancient artworks depict religious symbols, a wide array of organisms from nature, and activities of everyday life. Prehistoric Art Paleolithic Art -is a product of climate change. As the climate got colder, part of the early humans’ instinct is to look for shelters that would provide them will warmth. Caves became protective havens for the early humans and these caves paved the way for the birth of their first attempt to create art. Halls of Bulls- found in the cave In Lascaux, France The “Venus of Willendorf.”-This figure is a highly abstracted woman from highlighted body parts associated with fertility. -The representation may show the importance of taking care of these body parts for procreation and consequently the survival of species. -The purpose of this fascinating edifice remains a mystery up to this day age. Some regard it as a temple while others see it as a complex calendar the tracked the movements of both the Sun and Moon. Others ascribe some magical element to it by associating it with Merlin the Magician from King Arthurs's story. -The Egyptian civilization can be divided into three periods: Old Middle, and the New Kingdom. Looking at the three periods, it can be noticed that for the Egyptians, art should be something religious and spiritual. -It was a palette that utilized and applied dark colors around King Narmer's eyes. The palette was also, a symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. -During the old Kingdom, one of the Architectural wonders were also constructed. The pyramids in Giza served as tombs since their main purpose was to provide a resting place for the pharaohs.-There is an emphasis on life-like features of the face like an elongate jaw and thick-lidded eyes. Most artists created artworks that are natural and seemingly real, highlighting the features of their subjects. -Naturalism was not only used to depict the pharagh but also was used for members of the royal family. The bust of Queen Nefertiti has a long and sensuous neck. - He became king at a very young age and died at the age of eighteen. Howard Carter discovered his tomb in 1922. They were astonished to find gold artworks and that the coffin was made out of solid gold. The body of the young king was eredred in linen and a gold mask covered his face. Poetry Drama Philosophy The framework for the democratic form of government in modern times. ‘Art Involved +Painting + Sculpture + Architecture *one is required to have certain skill sets and body of knowledge -The center of society and how they trained their minds could be the very foundation of how they lived their lives. Greeks were notably passionate about the natural phenomenon and believed that nature should be in perfect or Time when Greece starting to get back from the onslaught of what seemed to be their Dark Ages +A period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the spotlight in most of the artworks.-The peak of Greek sculpture and architecture. The time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their temples and focusing on creating artworks. Archaic Period -The period placed importance on human figure. -This was primarily a result of Greece's trading activities with other civilizations -Time of Alexander the Great. -Art was primarily focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality. Laocoon, a Trojan priest, and his sons being strangled by serpents. Their position was a result of locoon's because he felt that the wooden horse offered by the Greeks as a gift to Athena was a trick. Poseidon, the Greek God of the sea was enlarged by such action which led him to send serpents to strangle. Laocoon and his sons. ANCIENT ROMI -Fusion Greek and Roman cultures can be seen in most Roman artworks. Roman civilization came from this age +The Roman Republic was established -Western Europe's mightiest empire. Look Stem, harsh, and strong *Invoke the principles of realism Highlighting the features of human z g. 2 3 -Colosseum +Amphitheater was planned and constructed during his reign-Writers of comedy have patterned their works to those of Greek works. -Just like the Greeks, the romans valued their gods and this was evident with their sculptures and artworks. -Products are copied from Christian scripture. -Scriptures were done by hand. ~was the central figure and authority of the period. Characterized by ignorance and darkness -Period between Roman empire and the Renaissance. -Great cathedrals were also built. inspired by the old Roman empire Northern flavor from the Goths— vulgar and barbarian. ee es ‘am i +a great emphasis on the proportionality of the human body. - Humanism shifted to empower the “individual - Artists valued the “individual” as a subject of arts. «this techniques provided a three- dimensional perspective. - Most artworks remained religious in its focus and themes.Revival of Roman theatricals plays + performed during special occasions at the courts of an Italian princess. + done in such a way that showcased grand and lavish entertainment for the audience. The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli HERES (aire deus! Bees, Bondone The School of Athens by Raphael Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci MANNERISM -a product of the Renaissance Period. During the Renaissance sartist would observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their observations As the Renaissance ended ‘artist started directly distorted figures two-dimensional spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of defined focal point Madonna with the Long Neck By ParmigianinoPortuguese term *" irregularly shaped pearl" a response to Protestantism + 1600 to 1750 +a lot of artists have developed styles and techniques different from their Renaissance predecessors. used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their works strengthened not only their religion but also other aspects like politics and art -EXPANSION was the central theme of this period suse of dramatic lighting and the concept of time + serve as a powerful tool to communicate messages + able to clearly distinguish loud from soft and solo from ensemble + Vivaldi, Corelli, and Monteverdi Bach and Handel slimited only to power institutions like the church and individuals like the Patrons smiddle class and the masses* Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) * Christmas Concerto Vespro della Beata Vergine * Saint Matthew’s Passion BWV 244, + Messiah, HWV 56 ¥ + French Revolution in 1789 + 1863 when there was an emergence. of modern painting exhibitions +a movement in Europe that transpired during the late 18th and early 19th centuries “It was the dominant art movement that time which basically aimed to revive and rekindle the influences of Greek and Roman into art and architecture+ placed emphasis on human reason and keeping society in order + This movement was a reaction to the artworks produced during the Baroque Period + There was a call to veer from such extravagance in terms of style and form of the Baroque Period + used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard + highlighted heroic elements into their work + there has been a tremendous focus on patriotic and nationalistic movements * One of the major revolutions in history + revolutionary movements became the focal point of most Romantic works + goodness of mankind ~ justice, equality, and social order - EMPHASIZES, emotions and feelings of man By Théodore Géricault By Gleb Ivanov - focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors reality -influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture since most artworks during period placed emphasis on the human body + it revolutionized themes and techniques in paintings + replaced by real manifestations of society + modern world were suitable for subjects of artGleaning was perhaps the lowest form of work for women in French society, a practice wherein female peasants were allowed to comb the fields after the harvest, "gleaning" bits of grain that were left behind to take home for food; hours of hunched-over labor would often be rewarded with a small amount of meal. - which led to a break from the tradition in European painting + astyle of painting that emerged in the mid-to late 1800s + incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct representation of color - The distinctive characteristics of this style is that it allows the artist to emphasize is communicated by the artist through his work and can be seen through the brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and the lights and shadows used by the artist. -a result of both the influence and rejection of impressionist but later on saw the inherent limitations and flaws of impressionism -Led to development of individual style that gave emphasis to defining from with the use of broken colors and short stroke + Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh *Most of the works of the said painters became the framework of the contemporary techniques and trends during the twentieth century * considered as a response to empirical realism of impressionism+ rely ona systematic and scientific techniques that have a predetermined visual effects not only on the art work itself but also how the audience perceive the art + recorded optical sensation ona more scientific manner stechnique called pointillism + utilizes discrete dots and ashes of pure color + witnessed the emergence and flourishing of a new art style -This ornamental style of art was a break from the Conservative historicism, which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks -uses long and organic lines that are concretely manifested in architecture, jewelry, and glass design, among others * asymmetrical line that usually is in the form of insect wings or flower stalks + line is done in such a graceful and elegant manner that somehow evokes a certain power to it + around the turn of the twentieth century + they used pure and vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint tubes directly to the canvas. This is done to produce a sense of explosion of colors in the canvas difference lies with how the fauves have this strong and expressive reaction to how they portray their subjects + most of their works reject the conservative and traditional renderings of three-dimensional space* coined the term “futurism” to reflect his purpose of disregarding the traditional methods of art in the past. + Between 1907 and 1914 “introduced. CUBISM, + believes that art should embrace -have a huge influence on artists and embody change during twentieth: century + Innovation, creativity, and cusrst originality. + highlighted the two-dimensional surface of the picture plane + Focusing on flat surface was a rejection of the dominant techniques like the use of perspective, foreshortening, and prevailing notion that art should imitate nature + highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism, and power of machines + restlessness and the past-space of modern life + poetry and visual arts