Water Absorption Test
The water absorption tests the paper’s ability to resist water and maintain it’s structural
integrity. In short this is relevant to the paper making as it helps assess its durability, ink resistance,
archival quality (or deterioration), and user experience compared to the commercial paper.
Porosity
Since paper is composed of a randomly felted layer of fiber, it follows that the structure
has a varying degree of porosity. Thus, the ability of fluids, both liquid and gaseous, to
penetrate the structure of paper becomes a property that is both highly significant to
the use of paper. Paper is a highly porous material and contains as much as 70% air.
Porosity is a highly critical factor in Printing Paper, Laminating Paper, Filter Paper,
Cigarette Paper, Bag Paper, Anti-tarnish Paper and Label Paper. Porosity is the
measurement of the total connecting air voids, both vertical and horizontal, that exists
in a sheet. Porosity of sheet is an indication of absorptivity or the ability of the sheets to
accept ink or water. Porosity can also be a factor in a vacuum feeding operation on a
printing press.
This part is for the pH level which means the alkaline paper is more resistant to deterioration
over time
Permanence is degree to which paper resists deterioration over time. Permanent paper
can resist large chemical and physical changes over and extended time (several hundred
years). These paper are generally acid-free with alkaline reserve and a reasonably high
initial strength. Paper containing pure cellulose fiber are more permanent. Permanency
is desirable in currency, bond and record papers.
The permanence and durability are two distinguish properties of paper. Permanence is
basically a measure of the chemical stability of paper. Durability, on the other hand, is
primarily a function of the performance of paper; it is a measure of the stability of its
physical and mechanical properties . A paper that is given rough treatment over a short
time should be durable, but little concern need be given to permanence. A paper that is
meant to last for a century must be compounded for chemical stability. Such chemical
stability can be enhanced by storing paper at a low temperature; at a constant, low
relative humidity; in the dark; and in an atmosphere free of pollutants . But if the paper
is also to be used--read, handled, folded, etc.--it's mechanical durability is also
important . Obviously, permanence and durability are not independent of each other,
but rather intimately related. This relationship is so intimate, in fact, that durability or
the stability of the strength and mechanical properties of paper has become the most
useful indicator of its permanence or chemical stability .
Wet Strength
Some grades of paper such as tea bag paper, coffee filter paper etc. come in contact
with water in use. So these paper have to be strong enough to withstand tear, rupture or
falling apart when saturated with water. To impart wet strength, paper are treated
chemically.
Formation
Formation is an indicator of how uniformly the fibers and fillers are distributed in the
sheet. Formation plays an important role as most of the paper properties depend on it.
A paper is as strong as its weakest point. A poorly formed sheet will have weaker and
thinner or thick spots. These will affect properties like caliper, opacity, strength etc.
Paper formation also affects the coating capabilities and printing characteristics of the
paper. A poorly formed sheet will exhibit more dot gain and a mottled appearance when
printed
There is no standard method or unit to express formation. It is a relative or subjective
evaluation. However when holding paper up to a light source, a well-formed sheet
appears uniform while a poorly formed sheet has clumps of fibers giving a cloudy look.
Why water absorption test is relevant
It is relevant as it tests the paper’s ability to resist water and maintain structural integrity.
Why pH level is relevant
It is relevant because the moisture contained within the paper contributes to acid hydrolysis and
paper deterioration. In an closed airtight environment, the paper retains the acidic degradation
products, which accelerate aging. In which, Alkaline buffers retard or prevent acid hydrolysis by
neutralizing acids that attack the cellulose chains
[Link]
alkaline more durable
if the pH level of the paper is alkaline it means that the paper is durable and
Is there a problem in paper industry
Why did the research study fail
The future researchers should find a more efficient method to powderize the corn husk and coconut
husk. Also, the researchers propose to use hydraulic press in flattening the CoCoPel. Moreover, bleaching
the paper to obtain a whiter outcome is also highly recommended. With this, the writings will be more
visible. As for the experiment, the future researchers can use other paper qualities and use appropriate
equipment in testing the paper. It is also recommended to test the product using different writing tools
like ballpens and pencils. Lastly, the CoCoPel can also be compared with other types of paper.
As mentioned in the research study, that a more efficient/advanced method to powderize the raw
materials meaning a technology/machinery is highly recommended to use.
