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SPSS PROCEDURE
1. Chart diagrams
1. Simple bar diagram
If the yearly/monthly data is given about any
variable like sales, production, exports and
imports are given construct simple bar diagram
Go to variable view
→Enter year/month→ Numeric→ No.of years
(Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal
→Enter sales/production/exports data→
Numeric→ No.of years (Ex 10)→ center→
ordinal
Go to graphs→ Diaologs→ Bar→ Simple
Bar represent → sales/production/exports
Title → Simple bar diagram
Category label → variable → year/Month→ok
2. Multiple bar diagram
If the yearly/monthly data is given about any
variable like sales and production, exports and
profits and imports and profits are given
construct construct multiple bar diagram
Go to variable view
→Enter year/month→ Numeric→ No.of years
(Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal
→Enter sales/exports/imports data→ Numeric→
No.of years (Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal

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→Enter production/profits data→ Numeric→

No.of years (Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal
Go to graphs→ Diaologs→ Bar→ clusterd
Bar represent → sales
→ production
Title →multiple bar diagram
Category label → variable → year/Month →ok

3. Sub devided bar diagram

If the yearly/monthly data belonging to the
related characteristics is given like male and
female births then construct construct sub
devided bar diagram
Go to variable view
→Enter year/month→ Numeric→ No.of years
(Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal
→Enter male data→ Numeric→ No.of years (Ex
10)→ center→ ordinal
→Enter female data→ Numeric→ No.of years
(Ex 10)→ center→ ordinal
Go to graphs→ Diaologs→ Bar→ stacked
Bar represent → male births
→ female births
Title →sub devided bar diagram
Category label → variable → year/Month →ok

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4. Histogram
This chart is also like simple bar diagram
After simple bar diagram is constructed
Right click on any bar → select →all bars→ bar
options → width move to 100% then click apply
Histogram is obtained
5. Frequency curve
Select the data
Go to graphs→ dialogs→ line→ simple
Enter in chart area
Line represents→ variable name
Title → frequency curve
Category labels→ variable →class interval→ok
Frequency curve obtained
6. Ogive curve
Enter the data of variable, frequency, less than
cumulative frequency and more than cumulative
frequency and mid values of the variable
Select the data
Go to the graphs→ dialogs→ line →multiple
Enter in chart area
Line represents → LTCF
→ GTCF
Title→ Ogive curve

II. Desciptive statistics

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Enter the data of any variable in Spss spread

sheet
Go to Analyze→ descriptive statistics →
descriptive
In variable box enter the variable entered in
data → ok
We will get Arithmetic mean, median, standard
deviation, skewness and kurtosis

III. Correlation
Enter the data of two variables in the SPSS
spread sheet
 Analyze →Correlate →Bivariate… (open
the Bivariate Correlations dialogue
box)

 Select two variables to move into the Variables:
box.


 Pearson from Correlation Coefficients box
(Spearman’s Correlation , Kendall’s Tau-b)

 Test of Significance box →One-Tailed
ratio button→Options

 Statistics pane, select Means and standard
deviations→Continue → OK.

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
PARTIAL CORRELATION
 

Enter the data of all the given varables in SPSS spred

sheet
 Analyze→Correlate→Partial.


 Select two variables to the Variablespane.

 Select variables to the Controlling Forpane.

 Options (to select the statistics)
→Continue→OK.

IV Regression

Enter the data of all the given varables in SPSS spred
sheet
 

 Analyze→Regression→linear.


Dependent variable Box→ select dependent
variable
Independent variable Box→ select independent
variables
In method→ stepwise/back ward/ Far ward →ok

V. T tests

1. A One Sample t-test

2. An Independent Samples t-test
3. A Paired Samples (Repeated Measures) t-test

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Assumptions

 Scale of Measurement – Interval or Ratio.

Random Sampling – Values selected at random
 from the population.

 Normality – Values are normally distributed.




THE ONE-SAMPLE T-TEST
 Analyze→Compare Means→One-Sample T

Test…



 Select the variable you require into the Test

Variable(s): box.


 In the Test Value: box type the mean score (µ0)

→OK.

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
PAIRED T – TEST (REPEATED MEASURE T –

TEST)
 Analyze→Compare Means→Paired-Samples
T Test…

 Select the variables into Paired Variable: box
→OK.



INDEPENDENT-SAMPLES T-TEST
 Analyze→Compare Means→Independent
Samples T Test…

 Select the test variables into the Test
Variable(s): box.

 Select the grouping variable to Grouping
Variable: box.

 Define Groups…

 In Define Groups sub dialogue box,
in the Group 1: box, type the lowest value of the
grouping variable →TAB,
enter the second value for the grouping variable in

 Group 2: box.
 Continue→OK.

VI. ANOVA

ONE-WAY BETWEEN GROUP ANOVA WITH
 POST-HOC COMPARISONS
 Analyze→Compare Means→One-Way ANOVA…


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 One-Way ANOVA dialogue box, select the

dependent variable into the Dependent List:
box.

 Select the independent variable (Classes) into the
Factor: box.

 Options… (to open the One-Way
ANOVA:Options )

 Descriptive and Homogeneity-of-
variance.

 Continue and then Post Hoc… (to open One-
WayANOVA: Post Hoc Multiple
Comparisons sub-dialogue box) →(
preferablyTukey) →Continue→OK.


TWO-WAY BETWEEN-GROUPS ANOVA
 Analyze→General Linear
Model→Univariate…

 Select the dependent variable into the Dependent
Variable: box.

 Select the independent variables into the Fixed
 Factor(s): box.
 Options… (to open the Univariate:
Options) →Descriptive statistics,

Estimates of effect size, Observed power
and Homogeneity tests→Continue →OK.

 To Plot The Cell Means

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– Graphs→Line… (to open Line Charts dialogue

box) →Multiple box and ensure that the Summaries
for groups of cases is selected →Define (to open
Define Multiple Line: Summaries for
Groups of Cases sub dialogue box)
– Line Represent box, select Other Statistic
(e.g. mean).
– Select the dependent variable into the Variable:
box.
– Select the independent variables with most levels into
the Category Axis: box.
– Select the other independent variables into the
Define Lines by: box. →OK.

VII. Kolmogrov -Smirnov test


Enter the data of in SPSS spred sheet

Go to Analyze →Non parametric tests→Dialog
s→One sample K.S

In test variables→ samples

In test distribution → uniform →o.k


VIII. Two sample Wilcoxon mann whitney U test

Enter the data of two independent samples in SPSS
spread sheet in two columns as two groups (1,2)

Go to Analyze →Non parametric tests→Dialogs
→Two independent samples
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
In test variable list →Batch

In grouping variable →groups of in defined
groups(1,2)

In test type →Mann whitney U test → o,k 


Ix wilcoxon signed rank test

Enter the data of two related samples in SPSS spread
sheet in two columns as two groups (1,2)

Go to Analyze →Non parametric tests→Dialogs
→Two related samples

In test pairs →enter before and after

In test type → wilcoxon → o,k
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