Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES PROVINCE
LOOB BUNGA HIGH SCHOOL
LOOB-BUNGA, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Science 9
Quarter 1 – Week 3-4
School Year 2022-2023

Teaching Date: September 25, 2023 (Monday)

I. OBJECTIVES:

A. CONTENT STANDARD The learners demonstrate understanding of the different patterns of

inheritance.
B. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learners should be able to set up and solve dihybrid crosses
correctly, predict phenotypic ratios, and explain the principles of
Mendelian inheritance.

C. LEARNING At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVE  Analyze and interpret the results of dihybrid crosses to
S predict phenotypic ratios.
 Appreciate the significance of understanding genetic
inheritance in everyday life
 Demonstrate the ability to set up Punnett squares for dihybrid
crosses accurately
D. CODE S9LT- Id-29

II. CONTENT: Dihybrid Cross

III. LEARNING RESOURCES:

1. TEACHER’S GUIDE PAGES

2. LEARNER MATERIAL
PAGES
3. TEXTBOOK PAGES
4. ADDITIONAL MATERIALS Television Set, PowerPoint Presentation
5. OTHER LEARNING
RESOURCES

IV. PROCEDURE:

A. BEFORE LESSON COT INDICATOR

1. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES: INDICATOR 5: Manage learner
a. Prayer behavior constructively by
b. Greetings applying positive and non-violent
c. Checking of classroom’s cleanliness discipline to ensure learning-
d. Reminder of the classroom health and safety protocols focused environments.
e. Checking of attendance
f. Reminding the learners of their behavior during the class

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 g. Review: Ask the learners to recall the monohybrid inheritance.
2. MOTIVATION
“FILL ME OUT USING PUNNET SQUARE”
The teacher will provide an example worksheet for the students to complete.

A monohybrid cross involves the inheritance of a single trait. Let’s consider a

monohybrid cross using the genotype Tt (heterozygous tall) crossed with Tt
(another heterozygous tall plant).

Trait: Plant Height

• Tall (T) is dominant.

• Short (t) is recessive.

Here are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring:

1. Parent 1: Tt (Tall)
2. Parent 2: Tt (Tall)

The learners can use a Punnett square:

The learners will now determine the offspring’s genotypes and phenotypes.

Genotype:
 TT, Tt, Tt, tt
Phenotype:
 3 Tall: 1 dwarf
Genotypic ratio
 : 1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio:
 3: 1

3. ESTABLISHING A PURPOSE FOR THE LESSON INDICATOR 3: Applied a range

Recalling the Non-Mendelian Inheritance. The teacher of teaching strategies to develop
will present the powerpoint to recall the lesson about the critical and creative thinking, as
monohybrid and the some terms. well as other higher-order
thinking skills.
WHAT IS MONOHYBRID CROSS ALL ABOUT?
INDICATOR 4: Managed
classroom structure to engage
A monohybrid cross involves the study of a single trait (usually learners, individually or in

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controlled by one gene) in the offspring of two parents. groups, in meaningful
exploration, discovery and
Monohybrid crosses use Punnett squares to predict the possible genetic hands-on activities within a
outcomes of offspring based on the parental genotypes. range of physical learning
environments.

TERMS TO REMEMBER

B. LESSON PROPER COT INDICATOR

4. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON INDICATOR 1: Applied
a. The lesson will be presented through a PowerPoint knowledge of content within and
presentation. across curriculum teaching
areas.
b. The teacher will:
1. enumerate and discuss the Dihybrid INDICATOR 2: Used a range of
Inheritance. teaching strategies that enhance
2. Cite examples about dihybrid learner achievement in literacy
and numeracy skills.
Dihybrid inheritance refers to the inheritance of two genes

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Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
 INDICATOR 3: Applied a range
that determine two different characteristics or influence the same of teaching strategies to develop
critical and creative thinking, as
characteristic. To represent the inheritance of two genes, a well as other higher-order
dihybrid cross can be used. Dihybrid crosses are visual thinking skills.
representations of the inheritance of the different versions of
these genes, termed “alleles.” INDICATOR 8: Selected,
developed, organized and used
appropriate teaching and
According to the law of independent assortment of Mendelian learning resources, including
inheritance, alleles of different genes are inherited independently ICT, to address learning goals.
of each other.

Let’s look at an example of dihybrid inheritance and a dihybrid

cross.

The seeds of pea plants can be green or yellow in color, and

smooth or wrinkled in shape. The characteristics of seed color
and seed shape are controlled by two different genes. Both of
these genes have two alleles that determine the different traits.
We will use the following letters for the alleles and the traits
they code for:

Y- yellow seeds

y- green seeds

R-smooth seeds

r- wrinkled seeds

We will use “R” and “r” to represent the alleles for smooth and
wrinkled seeds rather than “S” and “s” because there is a clearer
difference between the uppercase and lowercase letters. From
these alleles, we can determine that yellow seeds and smooth
seeds are the dominant color and shape, whereas green seeds
and wrinkled seeds are the recessive traits.

The dominant traits are those that will always be expressed in an

organism if the alleles are present. Recessive traits, however, are
only expressed if no dominant alleles for that gene are present in
the organism.

It is scientific convention to write dominant alleles using

uppercase letters (Y) and recessive alleles using lowercase
letters (y).

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Email Add: 301020@[Link]
How To: Determining the Combination of Alleles in a
Gamete from a Given Genotype Using the FOIL Method

When constructing genetic diagrams, we need to know what the

possible combinations of alleles are in the gametes of organisms
in order to predict how these alleles will combine when
producing a new organism.

Let’s say we want to construct a dihybrid cross between two

plants with the following genotypes: YyRr and Yyrr. The
dominant Y allele produces yellow seeds, and the recessive y
allele produces green seeds. The dominant R allele produces
smooth seeds, and the recessive r allele produces wrinkled seeds.

We can determine all the possible ways the alleles can combine
in the gametes of these organisms by using the FOIL method.
FOIL stands for first, outside, inside, last.

Let’s start with the first genotype, YyRr.

We start by taking the “first” letters, which represent an allele,

for each gene. Our first combination of alleles is therefore YR.

We then take the “outside” letters for each gene. Our second

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combination is Yr.

Next, we take the two “inside” letters. Our third possible

combination is yR.

Finally, we take the two “last” letters of each gene. Or you can
simply remember these as the “last” letters left to match! Our
final combination is yr.

To conclude, the possible combinations of alleles we may find in

the gametes produced by this organism are as follows:

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 5. DEVELOPING MASTERY INDICATOR 2: Used a range of
teaching strategies that enhance
Example Number 1: Let’s consider a dihybrid cross involving pea plants and learner achievement in literacy
two traits: seed color and seed shape. and numeracy skills.

Trait 1: Seed Color INDICATOR 6: Used

differentiated, developmentally
• Yellow (Y) is dominant. appropriate learning experiences
• Green (y) is recessive. to address learners’ gender,
needs, strengths, interests and
Trait 2: Seed Shape experiences.

• Round (R) is dominant. INDICATOR 9: Designed,

• Wrinkled (r) is recessive. selected, organized and used
diagnostic, formative and
Now, let’s cross a pea plant that is heterozygous for both traits (YyRr) with summative assessment strategies
another pea plant that is also heterozygous (YyRr). consistent with curriculum
requirements.
1. Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:
• Parent 1: YyRr
• Parent 2: YyRr
2. Create a Punnett square by multiplying the alleles for each
trait:

PHENOTYPE & GENOTYPE

📌Yellow, Round : (1) YYRR, (2) YYRr, (2) YyRR (4) YyRr

📌Yellow, Wrinkled : (1) YYrr, (2) Yyrr

📌Green, Round : (1) yyRR, (2) yyRr

📌Green, Wrinkled : (1) yyrr

PHENOTYPIC RATIOS OF THE OFFSPRING

📌 [Link]

This dihybrid cross demonstrates how two different traits, seed color and seed
shape, segregate and assort independently, resulting in a variety of phenotypic

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
combinations in the offspring.

Example Number 2:
Let’s consider a dihybrid cross involving two traits: seed color and flower
color.

Trait 1: Seed Color

• Brown (B) is dominant.

• black (b) is recessive.

Trait 2: Flower Color

• Purple (W) is dominant.

• White (w) is recessive.

Now, let’s cross a plant that is heterozygous for seed color (Bb) with another
plant that is heterozygous for flower color (Ww).

Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:

• Parent 1: Bb
• Parent 2: Ww

Create a Punnett square by multiplying the alleles for each trait:

PHENOTYPE & GENOTYPE

📌Brown Seeds, Purple Flowers : (1) BBWW, (2) BBWw, (2) BbWW (4)
BbWw

📌Brown Seeds, White Flowers: (1) BBww, (2) Bbww

📌Black Seeds, Purple Flowers: (1) bbWW, (2) bbWw

📌Black Seeds, White Flowers : (1) bbww

PHENOTYPIC RATIOS OF THE OFFSPRING

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Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
📌 [Link]

This dihybrid cross demonstrates how two different traits, seed color and
flower color, segregate and assort independently, resulting in a variety of
phenotypic combinations in the offspring with the BbWw genotype.

6. APPLICATION AND GENERALIZATION

Why is it important to know the dihybrid cross in any field?

(Showing the relevance of dihybrid cross in medical fields.)

Dihybrid crosses are highly relevant in real-life situations, particularly in

medical genetics, where they help predict the inheritance of complex genetic
traits and diseases. This knowledge aids in genetic counseling and
understanding the likelihood of specific health conditions in individuals,
ultimately contributing to personalized healthcare and informed decision-
making.

To summarize the lesson, let’s have a brief recall of today’s lesson.

The learners will answer the following guide questions.

1. What is a dihybrid cross?
2. In a dihybrid cross involving two genes (Gene 1 and Gene 2),
how many different combinations of alleles can be produced in
the gametes of an individual heterozygous for both genes?
3. What is the purpose of a Punnett square in a dihybrid cross?
4. In a dihybrid cross between individuals with the genotypes
AaBb (Mother) and AaBb (Father), what is the phenotypic ratio
for offspring with dominant phenotypes for both genes?

.
C. AFTER THE LESSON COT INDICATOR
The learners will perform a certain scenario INDICATOR 2: Used a range of
teaching strategies that enhance
Imagine a breeder studying a coat color and tail length in a fictional species learner achievement in literacy
of animals called “Furblins.” and numeracy skills.

Trait 1: Coat Color INDICATOR 9: Designed,

• Dark fur (D) is dominant. selected, organized and used
• Light fur (d) is recessive. diagnostic, formative and
summative assessment strategies
consistent with curriculum
Trait 2: Tail Length
requirements.
• Long tail (L) is dominant.
• Short tail (l) is recessive.

Situation:
A Furblin breeder is interested in understanding how coat color and tail
length are inherited in their species.

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Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
 Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:
Parent 1: ___
Parent 2: ___

The breeder decides to perform a dihybrid cross between these two parent
Furblins to predict the possible combinations of coat color and tail length in
the offspring (F1 generation).

3. Create a Punnett square by multiplying the alleles for each trait:

3. The learners will determine the genotype and phenotype of the offspring.

7. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES INDICATOR 2: Used a range of

Assignment: Write your ideas, opinions, and concerns about the lesson teaching strategies that enhance
in your notebook. Discuss what you learned in the lesson and what else learner achievement in literacy
you would like to learn in connection with today’s lesson. and numeracy skills.

V. REMARKS:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. REFLECTION:

A. No. of learners who earned 80% on the formative assessment

B. No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did this work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share with
other teachers?

Prepared by: Observed by:

JOHN CHRISTIAN R. FAMULARCANO MR. KEVIN FRANCIS MAGAOAY

STUDENT TEACHER Teacher III

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES PROVINCE
LOOB BUNGA HIGH SCHOOL
LOOB-BUNGA, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Appendix A
(Motivation)

Directions: The learners will determine the Genotype and Phenotype of the offspring. Using Punnet Square.

Genotype:
 TT, Tt, Tt, tt
Phenotype:
 3 Tall: 1 dwarf
Genotypic ratio
 : 1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio:
 3: 1

In this monohybrid cross, there is a 3:1 phenotypic ratio, meaning that approximately 75% of the offspring will be
tall, while 25% will be short. This demonstrates how the dominant and recessive alleles (T and t) are inherited in a
monohybrid cross involving two heterozygous individuals.

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
 SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES PROVINCE
LOOB BUNGA HIGH SCHOOL
LOOB-BUNGA, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Appendix B
(Developing Mastery)

Example Number 1:
Let’s consider a dihybrid cross involving pea plants and two traits: seed color and seed shape.

Trait 1: Seed Color

• Yellow (Y) is dominant.
• Green (y) is recessive.

Trait 2: Seed Shape

• Round (R) is dominant.
• Wrinkled (r) is recessive.

Now, let’s cross a pea plant that is heterozygous for both traits (YyRr) with another pea plant that is also heterozygous
(YyRr).
1. Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:
• Parent 1: YyRr
• Parent 2: YyRr
2. Create a Punnett square by multiplying the alleles for each trait:

PHENOTYPE & GENOTYPE

📌Yellow, Round : (1) YYRR, (2) YYRr, (2) YyRR (4) YyRr

📌Yellow, Wrinkled : (1) YYrr, (2) Yyrr

📌Green, Round : (1) yyRR, (2) yyRr

📌Green, Wrinkled : (1) yyrr

PHENOTYPIC RATIOS OF THE OFFSPRING

📌 [Link]

This dihybrid cross demonstrates how two different traits, seed color and seed shape, segregate and assort
independently, resulting in a variety of phenotypic combinations in the offspring.

EXAMPLE NUMBER 2:
Let’s consider a dihybrid cross involving two traits: seed color and flower color.

Trait 1: Seed Color

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 • Brown (B) is dominant.
• White (b) is recessive.

Trait 2: Flower Color

• Purple (W) is dominant.

• White (w) is recessive.

Now, let’s cross a plant that is heterozygous for seed color (Bb) with another plant that is heterozygous for flower
color (Ww).

Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:

• Parent 1: Bb
• Parent 2: Ww

Create a Punnett square by multiplying the alleles for each trait:

PHENOTYPE & GENOTYPE

📌Brown Seeds, Purple Flowers : (1) BBWW, (2) BBWw, (2) BbWW (4) BbWw

📌Brown Seeds, White Flowers: (1) BBww, (2) Bbww

📌Black Seeds, Purple Flowers: (1) bbWW, (2) bbWw

📌Black Seeds, White Flowers : (1) bbww

PHENOTYPIC RATIOS OF THE OFFSPRING

📌 [Link]

This dihybrid cross demonstrates how two different traits, seed color and flower color, segregate and assort
independently, resulting in a variety of phenotypic combinations in the offspring with the BbWw genotype.

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES PROVINCE
LOOB BUNGA HIGH SCHOOL
LOOB-BUNGA, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Appendix C
(Application and Generalization)

The learners will answer the following guide questions.

[Link] is a dihybrid cross?

A cross between two individuals heterozygous for two genes.
2. In a dihybrid cross involving two genes (Gene 1 and Gene 2), how many different combinations of alleles can
be produced in the gametes of an individual heterozygous for both genes?
16 combinations
3. What is the purpose of a Punnett square in a dihybrid cross?
To predict the possible genotypes of offspring..
4. In a dihybrid cross between individuals with the genotypes AaBb (Mother) and AaBb (Father), what is the
phenotypic ratio for offspring with dominant phenotypes for both genes?
[Link]

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES PROVINCE
LOOB BUNGA HIGH SCHOOL
LOOB-BUNGA, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Appendix C
(Evaluation)

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
The learners will perform a certain scenario

Imagine a breeder studying a coat color and tail length in a fictional species of animals called “Furblins.”

Trait 1: Coat Color

• Dark fur (D) is dominant.
• Light fur (d) is recessive.

Trait 2: Tail Length

• Long tail (L) is dominant.
• Short tail (l) is recessive.

Situation:
A Furblin breeder is interested in understanding how coat color and tail length are inherited in their species.

Determine the alleles for each trait for both parents:

Parent 1: Dd
Parent 2: Ll

The breeder decides to perform a dihybrid cross between these two parent Furblins to predict the possible
combinations of coat color and tail length in the offspring (F1 generation).

PUNNET SQUARE :

After conducting the cross and analyzing the F1 generation, the breeder observes the following genotypes and
phenotypes among the offspring:

PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES OF A FURBLIN

📌Dark Fur, Long Tails: (1) DDLL, (2) DDLl, (2) DdLL (4) DdLl

📌Dark Fur, Short Tails: (1) DDll, (2) Ddll

📌Light Fur, Long Tails: (1) ddLL, (2) ddLl

📌Light Fur, Short Tails: (1) ddll

PHENOTYPIC RATIOS OF THE OFFSPRING

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Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]
📌 [Link]

In this dihybrid cross situation, the breeder has successfully determined the genotypes and phenotypes of the
offspring, showing how two different traits (coat color and tail length) segregate and assort independently during
inheritance in Furblins.

Loob Bunga High School

Address: Loob-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales
Email Add: 301020@[Link]