Victorian Certificate of Education

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE

2022

Letter
STUDENT NUMBER

MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Written examination 2
Thursday 3 November 2022
Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes)
Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of book
Section Number of Number of questions Number of
questions to be answered marks
A 20 20 20
B 5 5 60
Total 80

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers,
a protractor, set squares, aids for curve sketching, one bound reference, one approved technology (calculator
or software) and, if desired, one scientific calculator. Calculator memory DOES NOT need to be cleared. For
approved computer-based CAS, full functionality may be used.
• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or correction fluid/tape.
Materials supplied
• Question and answer book of 25 pages
• Formula sheet
• Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions
Instructions
• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.
• Check that your name and student number as printed on your answer sheet for multiple-choice questions are
correct, and sign your name in the space provided to verify this.
• Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.
• All written responses must be in English.
At the end of the examination
• Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this book.
• You may keep the formula sheet.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into
the examination room.
© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2022
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 2

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section A

Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions.
Choose the response that is correct for the question.
A correct answer scores 1; an incorrect answer scores 0.
Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question.
Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.

Question 1

do not write in this area

The period of the function f (x) = 3 cos(2x + π) is
A. 2π

B. π
2π
C.
3
D. 2

E. 3

Question 2
1
The graph of y   4 has a horizontal asymptote with the equation
( x  3) 2
A. y = 4
B. y = 3
C. y = 0
D. x = –2
E. x = –3

Question 3
The gradient of the graph of y = e3x at the point where the graph crosses the vertical axis is equal to
A. 0
1
B.
e
C. 1

D. e

E. 3

SECTION A – continued
 3 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

Question 4
Which one of the following functions is not continuous over the interval x ∈ [0, 5]?
1
A. f ( x) 
( x  3) 2

B. f ( x)  x  3
1
C. f ( x) = x3

 x
D. f ( x)  tan  
3
 x
E. f ( x)  sin 2  
do not write in this area

3

Question 5
The largest value of a such that the function f : (–∞, a] → R, f (x) = x2 + 3x – 10, where f is one-to-one, is
A. –12.25
B. –5
C. –1.5
D.   0
E.   2

Question 6
Which of the pairs of functions below are not inverse functions?
 f ( x)  5 x  3 x  R

A.  x3
 g ( x)  5 xR

 2
 f ( x)  3
x  2 xR
B. 
 g ( x)  3
x  3 xR
 2

 f ( x)  x 2 x0
C. 
 g ( x)  x x0

 1
 f ( x)  x x0
D. 
 g ( x)  1 x0
 x

 f ( x)  log e ( x)  1 x  0
E.  x 1
 g ( x)  e xR

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 4

Question 7
The graph of y = f (x) is shown below.

do not write in this area

The graph of y = f ' (x), the first derivative of f (x) with respect to x, could be
A. y B. y

x x

C. y D. y

x x

E. y

SECTION A – continued
 5 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

Question 8
b a b
If

0
f ( x) dx  10 and

0
f ( x) dx   4, where 0 < a < b, then
∫
a
f ( x) dx is equal to

A. – 6
B. – 4
C.   0
D.  10
E. 14

Question 9
do not write in this area

f
(x, y)

x
O

Let f :  0,    R, f ( x)  2 x  1.
The shortest distance, d, from the origin to the point (x, y) on the graph of f is given by
A. d = x2 + 2x + 1
B. d = x2 + 2 x + 1
C. d= x2  2 x  1
D. d=x+1
E. d = 2x + 1

Question 10
An organisation randomly surveyed 1000 Australian adults and found that 55% of those surveyed were happy with
their level of physical activity.
An approximate 95% confidence interval for the percentage of Australian adults who were happy with their level of
physical activity is closest to
A. (4.1, 6.9)
B. (50.9, 59.1)
C. (52.4, 57.6)
D. (51.9, 58.1)
E. (45.2, 64.8)

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 6

Question 11
d
∫
1
If  x  sin( x)   sin( x)  x  cos( x), then x cos( x) dx is equal to
dx k

A.  
k x  sin( x)  sin( x) dx  c 

1
B. x  sin( x)  sin( x) dx  c
k

C.
1
k  
x  sin( x)  sin( x) dx  c 
1
D.  x  sin( x)  sin( x)   c
k

do not write in this area

E.
1
k   x  sin( x) dx   sin( x) dx   c
Question 12
A bag contains three red pens and x black pens. Two pens are randomly drawn from the bag without replacement.
The probability of drawing a pen of each colour is equal to
6x
A.
(2 + x)(3 + x)
3x
B.
(2 + x)(3 + x)
x
C.
2+x
3+ x
D.
(2 + x)(3 + x)
3+ x
E.
5 + 2x

Question 13
x  a
The function f ( x)  log e   , where a is a positive real constant, has the maximal domain
 x  a
A. [–a, a]
B. (–a, a)
C. R \ [–a, a]
D. R \ (–a, a)
E. R

SECTION A – continued
 7 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

Question 14
A continuous random variable, X, has a probability density function given by

 2  1 x2
 xe 9 x0
f ( x)   9
0 x0


The expected value of X, correct to three decimal places, is

A. 1.000
B. 2.659
C. 3.730
D. 6.341
do not write in this area

E. 9.000

Question 15
The maximal domain of the function with rule f ( x)  x 2  2 x  3 is given by
A. (–∞, ∞)
B. (–∞, –3) ∪ (1, ∞)
C. (–1, 3)
D. [–3, 1]
E. (–∞, –1] ∪ [3, ∞)

Question 16
1
The function f ( x)  x3  mx 2  nx  p, for m, n, p ∈ R, has turning points at x = –3 and x = 1 and passes through
3
the point (3, 4).
The values of m, n and p respectively are
7
A. m = 0, n = − , p = 2
3

B. m = 1, n = –3, p = –5

C. m = –1, n = –3, p = 13

5 3 83
D. m= , n= , p= −
4 2 4
5 91
E. m= , n = 6, p= −
2 2

SECTION A – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 8

Question 17
A function g is continuous on the domain x ∈ [a, b] and has the following properties:
• The average rate of change of g between x = a and x = b is positive.
ab
• The instantaneous rate of change of g at x  is negative.
2
Therefore, on the interval x ∈ [a, b], the function must be
A. many-to-one.
B. one-to-many.
C. one-to-one.
D. strictly decreasing.
E. strictly increasing.

do not write in this area

Question 18
If X is a binomial random variable where n = 20, p = 0.88 and Pr(X ≥ 16 | X ≥ a) = 0.9175, correct to four decimal
places, then a is equal to
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
E. 15

Question 19
A box is formed from a rectangular sheet of cardboard, which has a width of a units and a length of b units, by first
cutting out squares of side length x units from each corner and then folding upwards to form a container with an open
top.
The maximum volume of the box occurs when x is equal to
a  b  a 2  ab  b 2
A.
6

a  b  a 2  ab  b 2
B.
6

a  b  a 2  ab  b 2
C.
6

a  b  a 2  ab  b 2
D.
6

a  b  a 2  2ab  b 2
E.
6

SECTION A – continued
 9 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

Question 20
A soccer player kicks a ball with an angle of elevation of θ °, where θ is a normally distributed random variable with
a mean of 42° and a standard deviation of 8°.
The horizontal distance that the ball travels before landing is given by the function d = 50 sin(2θ).
The probability that the ball travels more than 40 m horizontally before landing is closest to
A. 0.969
B. 0.937
C. 0.226
D. 0.149
E. 0.027
do not write in this area

END OF SECTION A
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 10

SECTION B

Instructions for Section B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
In all questions where a numerical answer is required, an exact value must be given unless otherwise specified.
In questions where more than one mark is available, appropriate working must be shown.
Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.

Question 1 (11 marks)

x2
The diagram below shows part of the graph of y = f (x), where f ( x) = .

do not write in this area

12

y
x2
f ( x) =
12

x
O

a. State the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of f. 1 mark

b. State the derivative of f with respect to x. 1 mark

The tangent to f at point M has gradient −2.

c. Find the equation of the tangent to f at point M. 2 marks

SECTION B – Question 1 – continued

 11 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

The diagram below shows part of the graph of y = f (x), the tangent to f at point M and the line
perpendicular to the tangent at point M.

N
x2
f ( x) =
12

M
do not write in this area

x
O

d. i. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the tangent passing through point M. 1 mark

ii. The line perpendicular to the tangent at point M also cuts f at point N, as shown in the diagram
above.
Find the area enclosed by this line and the curve y = f (x). 2 marks

SECTION B – Question 1 – continued

TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 12

x2
e. Another parabola is defined by the rule g ( x) = , where a > 0.
4a 2
A tangent to g and the line perpendicular to the tangent at x = –b, where b > 0, are shown below.

x2
g ( x) =
4a 2

do not write in this area

x
–b O

Find the value of b, in terms of a, such that the shaded area is a minimum. 4 marks

SECTION B – continued
 13 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2
do not write in this area

CONTINUES OVER PAGE

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 14

Question 2 (16 marks)

On a remote island, there are only two species of animals: foxes and rabbits. The foxes are the predators
and the rabbits are their prey.
The populations of foxes and rabbits increase and decrease in a periodic pattern, with the period of both
populations being the same, as shown in the graph below, for all t ≥ 0, where time t is measured in weeks.
One point of minimum fox population, (20, 700), and one point of maximum fox population, (100, 2500),
are also shown on the graph.
The graph has been drawn to scale.

P (number of individuals)

4000 rabbit population

do not write in this area

3500
r(t)
3000 (100, 2500)
2500
2000
1500
1000
f (t)
500 (20, 700) fox population
0 t (weeks)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

 t 
The population of rabbits can be modelled by the rule r (t )  1700 sin    2500 .
 80 
a. i. State the initial population of rabbits. 1 mark

ii. State the minimum and maximum population of rabbits. 1 mark

iii. State the number of weeks between maximum populations of rabbits. 1 mark

SECTION B – Question 2 – continued

 15 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

The population of foxes can be modelled by the rule f (t )  a sin  b(t  60)   1600.

b. Show that a = 900 and b  . 2 marks
80

c. Find the maximum combined population of foxes and rabbits. Give your answer correct to the nearest
do not write in this area

whole number. 1 mark

d. What is the number of weeks between the periods when the combined population of foxes and rabbits
is a maximum? 1 mark

The population of foxes is better modelled by the transformation of y = sin(t) under Q given by

 90 
t   0   t   60 
Q : R2  R2 , Q       
  y    0 900   y  1600 
 

e. Find the average population during the first 300 weeks for the combined population of foxes and
rabbits, where the population of foxes is modelled by the transformation of y = sin(t) under the
transformation Q. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number. 4 marks

SECTION B – Question 2 – continued

TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 16

Over a longer period of time, it is found that the increase and decrease in the population of rabbits gets
smaller and smaller.
The population of rabbits over a longer period of time can be modelled by the rule

 t 
s (t )  1700  e 0.003t  sin    2500 ,   for all t ≥ 0
 80 
f. Find the average rate of change between the first two times when the population of rabbits is at a
maximum. Give your answer correct to one decimal place. 2 marks

do not write in this area

g. Find the time, where t > 40, in weeks, when the rate of change of the rabbit population is at its greatest
positive value. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number. 2 marks

h. Over time, the rabbit population approaches a particular value.

State this value. 1 mark

SECTION B – continued
 17 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

Question 3 (14 marks)

1 1
Mika is flipping a coin. The unbiased coin has a probability of of landing on heads and of landing on
tails. 2 2
Let X be the binomial random variable representing the number of times that the coin lands on heads.
Mika flips the coin five times.
a. i. Find Pr(X = 5). 1 mark

ii. Find Pr(X ≥ 2). 1 mark

do not write in this area

iii. Find Pr(X ≥ 2 | X < 5), correct to three decimal places. 2 marks

iv. Find the expected value and the standard deviation for X. 2 marks

SECTION B – Question 3 – continued

TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 18

The height reached by each of Mika’s coin flips is given by a continuous random variable, H, with the
probability density function

ah 2  bh  c 1.5  h  3
f ( h)  
0 elsewhere

where h is the vertical height reached by the coin flip, in metres, between the coin and the floor,
and a, b and c are real constants.
3
b. i. State the value of the definite integral
∫
1.5
f (h) dh. 1 mark

do not write in this area

ii. Given that Pr(H ≤ 2) = 0.35 and Pr(H ≥ 2.5) = 0.25, find the values of a, b and c. 3 marks

iii. The ceiling of Mika’s room is 3 m above the floor. The minimum distance between the coin and
the ceiling is a continuous random variable, D, with probability density function g.
The function g is a transformation of the function f given by g(d) = f (rd + s),
where d is the minimum distance between the coin and the ceiling, and r and s are real constants.
Find the values of r and s. 1 mark

SECTION B – Question 3 – continued

 19 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

c. Mika’s sister Bella also has a coin. On each flip, Bella’s coin has a probability of p of landing on heads
and (1 – p) of landing on tails, where p is a constant value between 0 and 1.
Bella flips her coin 25 times in order to estimate p.
Let P̂ be the random variable representing the proportion of times that Bella’s coin lands on heads in
her sample.

i. Is the random variable P̂ discrete or continuous? Justify your answer. 1 mark

do not write in this area

ii. ̂ 0.4, find an approximate 95% confidence interval for p, correct to three decimal places.
If p  = 1 mark

iii. Bella knows that she can decrease the width of a 95% confidence interval by using a larger
sample of coin flips.

̂ 0.4, how many coin flips would be required to halve the width of the confidence interval
If p  =
found in part [Link].? 1 mark

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 20

Question 4 (10 marks)

 1 1  1 1 
Consider the function f, where f :   ,   R, f ( x)  log e  x    log e   x  .
 2 2   2   2 
Part of the graph of y = f (x) is shown below.

1 1
x=− x=
2 2

do not write in this area

x
O
f

a. State the range of f (x). 1 mark

b. i. Find f ' (0). 2 marks

ii. State the maximal domain over which f is strictly increasing. 1 mark

SECTION B – Question 4 – continued

 21 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

c. Show that f (x) + f (–x) = 0. 1 mark

d. Find the domain and the rule of f −1, the inverse of f. 3 marks
do not write in this area

SECTION B – Question 4 – continued

TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 22

 1 1 1  1 1 
e. Let h be the function h :   ,   R, h( x)   log e  x    log e   x   , where k ∈ R and k > 0.
 2 2 k  2 2 
e kx  1
The inverse function of h is defined by h 1 : R  R, h 1 ( x)  .
2(e kx  1)
The area of the regions bound by the functions h and h–1 can be expressed as a function, A(k).
The graph below shows the relevant area shaded.

y
1 1
x=− x=
2 2
h–1

do not write in this area

h
x
O

You are not required to find or define A(k).

i. Determine the range of values of k such that A(k) > 0. 1 mark

ii. Explain why the domain of A(k) does not include all values of k. 1 mark

SECTION B – continued
 23 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2
do not write in this area

CONTINUES OVER PAGE

SECTION B – continued
TURN OVER
2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2 24

Question 5 (9 marks)
Consider the composite function g ( x)  f  sin( 2 x)  , where the function f (x) is an unknown but
differentiable function for all values of x.
Use the following table of values for f and f '.

1 2 3
x
2 2 2

f (x) –2 5 3

1
f ' (x) 7 0
9

do not write in this area


a. Find the value of g   . 1 mark
6

The derivative of g with respect to x is given by g ( x)  2  cos( 2 x)  f   sin(2 x)  .

  1
b. Show that g     . 1 mark
6 9


c. Find the equation of the tangent to g at x  . 2 marks
6

SECTION B – Question 5 – continued

 25 2022 MATHMETH EXAM 2

 
d. Find the average value of the derivative function g' (x) between x  and x  . 2 marks
8 6

e. Find four solutions to the equation g' (x) = 0 for the interval x ∈ [0, π]. 3 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Victorian Certificate of Education
2022

MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Written examination 2

FORMULA SHEET

Instructions

This formula sheet is provided for your reference.

A question and answer book is provided with this formula sheet.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic
devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2022

MATHMETH EXAM 2

Mathematical Methods formulas

Mensuration

area of a trapezium  
1 ab h
volume of a pyramid
1
Ah
2 3
curved surface area 4 3
2π rh volume of a sphere πr
of a cylinder 3
1
volume of a cylinder π r 2h area of a triangle bc sin  A 
2
1 2
volume of a cone πr h
3

Calculus
d n
dx
 
x  nx n  1
 x dx  n  1 x
n 1 n 1
 c, n  1

d
dx
 
(ax  b) n  an  ax  b 
n 1
 (ax  b) n dx 
1
a (n  1)
(ax  b) n  1  c, n   1

d ax 1 ax
dx
 
e  ae ax
e
ax
dx 
a
e c

d

1 1
 log e ( x)   x x
dx  log e ( x)  c, x  0
dx
d

1
 sin (ax)   a cos (ax) sin (ax)dx   cos (ax)  c
a
dx
d
 cos (ax)dx  a sin (ax)  c
1
 cos (ax)  =  a sin (ax)
dx
d a
 tan (ax)  = 2  a sec 2 (ax)
dx cos (ax)
du dv
v u
d dv du d u dx dx
product rule  uv   u  v quotient rule  
dx dx dx dx  v  v2

dy dy du
chain rule =
dx du dx
 3 MATHMETH EXAM

Probability

Pr(A) = 1 – Pr(A′) Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A) + Pr(B) – Pr(A ∩ B)

Pr  A  B 
Pr(A|B) =
Pr  B 

mean µ = E(X) variance var(X) = σ 2 = E((X – µ)2) = E(X 2) – µ2

Probability distribution Mean Variance

discrete Pr(X = x) = p(x) µ = ∑ x p(x) σ 2 = ∑ (x – µ)2 p(x)

b  
continuous Pr(a  X  b) 
a
f ( x)dx 
 
x f ( x)dx 2 
 
( x   ) 2 f ( x)dx

Sample proportions
X
P̂ = mean E(P̂ ) = p
n
approximate
standard ˆ) = p (1 − p ) 
 ˆp − z
ˆp (1 − ˆp ) , p + z ˆp (1 − ˆp ) 
deviation
sd ( P
n
confidence
 n
ˆ n 
interval  

END OF FORMULA SHEET