Language bank PB NN[E}U XC] Question forms (Questions can ask fora simple yes/noanswer: Have you met my cousin Martin? ‘They can also ask for information. Basic lwh-questions start with @ question word, Le. who, ‘what, which, when, where, why and how. Where did you meet each other? ‘You usually put prepositions at the end of the ‘question: What are you smiling at? In formal written English you can put the ‘reposition before the question word. You use whom, not wha To whom was the letter addressed? (less formal: Who was the letter aciressed to?) ‘The most common word arder in questionsis (question word +) auxiliary/modal + subject + verb. ‘The auxiliary verbs are be (used in continuous forms and passive), have (perfect forms) and do (present and past simple): What are you doing? Which countries have you visited? Who did you see at the meeting? Use the past simple to talk about + acompleted past action: caught the train at 630. + a series of past actions: The train arrived at the airport Iran in and bought a ticket for the first fight * acompieted past state / ved in nigerta for two years in the 1990s Use the past continuous to talk about: ‘an incomplete, often temporary, past action or state: Iv ‘were staying with my aunt at the time + an interrupted past action: Wve were waiting forthe class to start when they told us thenews. + twoactions happening at the same time: The young boy was playing the violin while his sister was singing along. I the two actions have the same subject, you can omit the subject and auxiliary: was trying to ‘make myself understood, erying with laughter at the same tie. Remember that you don't often use the continuous form with state verbs. ie, verbs expressing Verb + noun collocations Combinations of two or more words that are often Used together are called collocations. You can form. collocations with verb + noun or adjective + noun. Some common verb + noun collocation are(in. ‘addition to those in the lesson}: take photo, take ‘an exam, make a mistake, miss the point, miss the bus, run a business, run aace, tell the truth tella story, start an argument. OLE EE EA EM SOE AE LE LE AEE AE A EE A A A SA AE A A A LE LE A A ES EA SL A A A In these questions, the question wordis the object, of the question, but in subject questions, the (question word isthe subject. Compare: Whio id Auyse invite cu lee pasty? (ubjert) Who invited Angel tothe party? (subject) Insubject questions, the word orders question ‘ord (who, whator which + noun) + verb, and you don't usean auxiliary verb. Use indirect questions to be more polite or distant, usually with people you dont knaw very well They start with introductory phrases such as Could you tellme...2,Can Lask you .2, wonder... like to know...and they follow statement word order: Could you tell me when the film starts? Pd also like to know what time it finishes. Use question word after the introductory phrase cc, with yes/no questions, use ior whether, Use question mark f the introductory phraseisa ‘question, but not if it isa statement. Past simple, past continuous, used to, would, keep + -ing emotions, thoughts, senses and opinions such as ike, believe. want, hear, understand, know. wasn't understanding what he said —> didn't understand what he sai. Use hath used te and wauld to tale ahont regular pastactions that no longer happen: ‘She used to travel alot when she was younger. ‘She would go to exotic places several timesa year Use used io for past states that are nolonger true, but don't use wouldin this way: She used to bea realextrovert in those days, She would be e102! extrovert tn those days, Don't confuse used to (do) with be used to (doing) Heused to stay out late every night. (= past habit) He was used to staying out late every night (= something that he became accustomed to) Use keep + ing form foran action that continued for longer or happened more often than you would lke, or you expected can express annayance: ‘The delivery driver Kept leaving narcelsin the rain Until we complained aboust him ‘Sometimes the collocation includes a preposition after the noun: have confidence in, make the most cf, run the risk of, take part in Adjective + noun collocations are often fixed, i, ‘you never change them, Some common ones are: bad luck, good news, great success, great auficulty, heavy rain, heavy traffic, heavy cold, ight rain light meal, strong swimmer strong coffee.PRACTICE £U;N) 1. Putthe words in the correct 2 Complete the conversation with the questions in Exercise 1. ‘order tomake questions. ADEere you the along time / Have / B: Yes, it's just round the comer You must be going to the Swanns' party, y for/known / Swanns too. 4 bb ask/I/you/Can/ about the sports centre think what / you it kind of / does / after-school activities / offer / What d. tojoin /made/ What / decide / ves, tha srigh Yes, Joanna and | have been going to the local sports centre for years. That's interesting * It's not bad, but it's quite expensive, and it's difficult ro get into classes sometimes, BEee Yes, thought so4 ai It's convenient, andit's close tomy daughter's school J does /go/ school’ your : aughter/ Which to 3: The Bell House School Ohright. sit goo? « 3: Lots. That'swhy we chose it, Here we are, this the Black Horse. the BlackHorse restaurant /if/ tell/you/near here /is /Could ime Br eEer 1. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbsin 2 Find thesevensentences with amistake and brackets. Sometimes more than one answerispossible. correct them. 1. When my brother and were younger, we ict used to go anywhere without eachother. 2. Wewere horrified to see that the ferry let the [met Aaron in my ist week at uriversiy Hacked confidence and | was already feeling overwhelmed bby everything when Aaron |____ {ir} me in the students’ café one day. He 2 (stuoy) potasweariiet. G ppolties and economics, He was very aficlt to warm 3. When |waslittle Iwas used to having almost ; to; he=___(have] such a high opinion of ‘golden hai, butit tunedtoa mousey brown hime —teling me about now he +___ (know) 80 before! was ten. ‘much more than the other students on his cours. 4 Therewasa manin the dentist's waiting rom ‘Apparenty, he °_ (keep interrupt) the who kept taphis foot Itwes so annoying! Jocturers and impressing his knowdge on them ~ 5. |sharedabedroom with my olde sister unti she tis fether was a poltician end Aeron *@___ was leaving home. (cfscuss) pottics with him alot. Then, at the end ‘wolves wie dont V Omen eee 6 Where we lve, we don'tusualy have snow, but , ‘one winter lused to stay with my cousinsin Canada, and we had snow al the time 7 When we were students, we would hitchhike ‘everywhere, but we don't do that now. ‘Aaron inthe library, He *__ (st with his head in ris hands, * ook) totaly depress Ho said his ond-of-torm results wore realy bad. 1"__ (not tel hin that my results were ‘ect Dube thet eocienrehces cat be 8 The actor wasjust standing silently on the stage, y ‘ecoplive hac atid impact one ‘wait for the people in the eudience to stop talking Make collocations witha My students often ask me what it takes for them to pass thelr courses end get , wordfromboxAandaword/ 4 goad degre. tel them thal they need to fist of al "__ for heir J Phrase from box B.Complete stuns. They need to study actively: @_______ when reading as this wil , ‘the text with the correct te ‘them remember what they have read, attend all lectures and g form of the collocations. ‘oniine forums. They should + ‘when things , A ‘sono det ok ure en sonata appaNA ee and never be ata oF Its also important to 1______setby the college in terms of doing all of thelr assignments B mistakes calm charge and®@___at the end of the year. Also, they should try to deadlines _ the exams 9 hen they submit their work, so they dont lose ten percent of j themost of nates, the possible marks for no reason. The other thing i that they need to j partin theruies sense 10 (oftheir learning — take fl responsi ~ ani g eee ae 1___thertime at the college. The students wno folow my advice g have all done very wel in their studies — and I'm sure they wal al make a 12__ oftheir careers, too! Want more pr Meats