Group 1
Qualitative research is the collection, analysis, and interpretation of comprehensive
narrative data in order to gain insights into a phenomenon of interest (Bueno, 2017). It
is very useful for describing and answering questions about participants and contexts.
The purpose of qualitative research is to promote a deep, holistic understanding of a
phenomenon. It provides insight into the complexity of common occurrences. It also
provides specific concrete details to guide understanding in a setting (Bueno, 2017).
Characteristics of Qualitative Research
Qualitative research can be characterized by at least ten overlapping themes that
researchers should be aware of when collecting and analyzing data. In qualitative
study, Patton (1980) discussed these characteristics to help researchers design
studies. These characteristics are explained below based on Balester's (1993) text, as
cited by Constable and his colleagues (2012).
Naturalistic Inquiry
Qualitative observational research is naturalistic because it studies a group in its natural setting. Patton
explained that “Naturalistic inquiry is thus contrasted to experimental research where the investigator
attempts to completely control the condition of the study” (p. 42).
Inductive analysis
This characteristic is prevalent in qualitative research because it allows the observer to become
immersed in a group. The researcher starts with answers but forms questions throughout the research
process. Hypotheses and theories can continuously change depending on what the observer wants to
know.
Holistic perspective
Patton stated, “a holistic approach assumes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” (p. 40).
In other words, almost every action or communication must be taken as a part of the whole
phenomenon of a certain community or culture. However, this characteristic of qualitative observational
research can be bothersome because it can lead researchers into taking every little action into
consideration when writing a narrative.
Personal contact and insight
The researcher is responsible for becoming a part of a group to get a more in-depth study. However, the
researcher also has to be aware of biases (both good and bad).
Dynamic systems
Qualitative observational research is not concerned with having straightforward, right or wrong
answers. In addition, change in a study is common because the researcher is not concerned with finding
only one answer.
Unique case orientation
Researchers must remember that every study is special and deserves in-depth attention. This is
especially necessary for doing cultural comparisons.
Context sensitivity
Researchers must realize the different variables, such as values and beliefs, that influence cultural
behaviors.
Empathic neutrality
Ideally, researchers should be non-judgmental when compiling findings. Because complete neutrality is
impossible, this characteristic is a controversial aspect of qualitative research.
Design flexibility
Researchers can continue to do research on other topics or questions that emerge from the initial
research.
