Grade 10- New Vocabulary

Unit 1

Vocabulary

anonymous (adj) /əˈnɒnɪməs/ (of a person) with a name that is not known or that is not made public
– anonim , naməlum

appreciate(v) /əˈpriːʃɪeɪt/ to realise that someone has good qualities and that they are important –
dəyərləndirmək, dəyər vermək

charity (n) /ˈʧærɪti/ organization for helping people in need – xeyriyyəçilik

confidence (n) /ˈkɒnfɪdə ns/ a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful - inam

desire (n) /dɪˈzaɪər / a strong wish to have or do something – arzu, istək

donate(v) /dəʊˈneɪt/ to give money, food, clothes, etc. to somebody/something, especially a charity –
yardım etmək

donation (n) /dəʊˈneɪʃə n/ something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in
order to help them – yardım

encourage (v) /ɪnˈkʌrɪʤ/ to give someone the confidence to do something - cəsarətləndirmək,

ruhlandırmaq

encouraging (adj) /ɪnˈkʌrɪʤɪŋ/ that gives somebody support, courage or hope – ruhlandırıcı

generosity (n) /ˌʤenəˈrɒsɪti/ readiness to give or to share - əliaçıqlıq, səxavətlik

generous (adj) /ˈʤenə rəs/ giving or willing to give freely - əliaçıq, səxavətli

grief (n) /griːf/ a very sad feeling – kədər

inspire (v) /ɪnˈspaɪər / to give somebody the desire or confidence to do something well -
ruhlandırmaq

kindness (n) /ˈkaɪndnɪs/ the quality of being kind - mehribanlıq

not necessarily (idm) /nɒtˈnesɪsərɪli/ used to say that something is possibly true but not definitely or
always true – zəruri olmayaraq/ bəlli olmayan

negativity (n) /ˌnegəˈtɪvɪti/ an attitude in which someone considers only the bad qualities of a
situation, person etc. – neqativlik, mənfilik

surround (yourself with sb/sth) /səˈraʊnd/ to choose to have particular people or things near you all
the time - əhatə etmək

uplift the spirit /ˈʌplɪft ðə spɪrɪt/ make somebody feel happier - əhvalını yüksəltmək

ups and downs /ˌʌps ən ˈdaʊnz/ the mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation
or relationship – həyatdakı eniş və yoxuşlar
volunteer (n) /ˌvɒlənˈtɪər / a person who does a job willingly and gets no payment - könüllü

willingly (adv) /ˈwɪlɪŋli/ in a way that shows you are happy or pleased to do something – istəkli,
istəyərək, məmnuniyyətlə

Reading

bill (n) /bɪl/ a document that shows how much you owe somebody for goods or services – faktura,
hesab

budget (n) /ˈbʌʤɪt/ the money that is available to an organization or person, or a plan of how it will
be spent – büdcə

cheer up (phr.v) /ʧɪər ʌp/ to become less sad, or to make someone feel less sad – şənləndirmək,
sevindirmək

cover the cost /ˈkʌvə ðə kɒst/ to pay for something – xərci qarşılamaq

front line (n) /ˈfrʌntlaɪn/ the place where fighting happens in a war – ön cəbhə

manage (v) /ˈmænɪʤ/ to succeed in doing something, especially something difficult – idarə etmək

package (n) /ˈpækɪʤ/ something that is wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can
be sent by mail, carried easily, or given as a present- bağlama

rake leaves /reɪk liːvz/ to move a rake across a surface in order to gather dead leaves – xəzəli (
yarpaqları) dırmıqla təmizləmək

rough (adj) /rʌf/ difficult and unpleasant – çətin, sərt

rush (v) /rʌʃ/ move or to do something with great speed, often too fast – tələsmək

sale (n) /seɪl/ an occasion when a shop or business sells its products at a lower price than usual-
endirim

shovel snow /ˈʃʌvə l snəʊ/ to lift and move snow with a shovel – qarı təmizləmək

sibling (n) /ˈsɪblɪŋ/ a brother or sister – bacı və ya qardaş

sincere (n) /sɪnˈsɪər / showing what somebody really thinks – səmimi

sincerity (n) /sɪnˈserɪti/ the quality of showing or saying what you really think or feel – səmimiyyət

speed through /spiːd θruː/ to move or pass through something very quickly – sürətlə gəlib keçmək

surroundings (n) /səˈraʊndɪŋz/ everything that is around or near somebody/something - ətrafdakılar

valuable (adj) /ˈvæljʊəbə l/ very useful or important – faydalı, dəyərli

Grammar A

animal shelter (n) /ˈænɪmə l ˈʃeltər / a place where animals that have been badly treated, or are lost
or not wanted, can be cared for – heyvan sığınacağı

couple (n) /ˈkʌpə l/ two people who are seen together, especially if they are married or in a romantic
relationship- cütlük

emotional (adj) /ɪˈməʊʃənə l/ showing strong emotions - emosional

fundraiser (n) /ˈfʌndˌreɪzər / a person who collects money for a charity or an organisation - ianə, pul
toplayan kimsə

fundraising (n) /ˈfʌndˌreɪzɪŋ/ the activity of collecting money for a charity or organisation, often by
organising social events or entertainments - ianə toplama

give a lecture /gɪv ə ˈlekʧər / to give a talk or a series of talks to a group of people on a subject,
especially as a way of teaching in a university – mühazirə demək

heartwarming (adj) /ˈhɑːtˌwɔːmɪŋ/ causing feelings of happiness and pleasure – ürək açan, məmnun
edən

hug (n) /hʌg/ an act of putting your arms around somebody and holding them tightly, especially to
show that you like or love them - qucaqlamaq

massive (adj) /ˈmæsɪv/ very large in size, amount, or number – çox böyük

ordinary (adj) /ˈɔːdə nə ri/ not unusual or different in any way - adi

squirrel (n) /ˈskwɪrə l/ a small animal with a long furry tail that climbs trees and eats nuts – dələ

Grammar B

go from rags to riches /gəʊ frəm rægz tə ˈrɪʧɪz/ start your life very poor and then later in life become
very rich – sıfırdan gəlib zəngin olmaq

gush (v) /gʌʃ/ to flow or pour suddenly and quickly out of a hole in large amounts – fontan vurmaq

make a fortune /meɪk ə ˈfɔːʧən/ to earn a very large amount of money, especially by doing something
very successfully – var-dövlət qazanmaq

make a living /meɪk ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/ to earn the money one needs to pay for housing, food, etc. – dolanmaq,
həyatını qazanmaq, yaşamını təmin etmək

orphan (n) /ˈɔːfən/ a child whose parents are dead - yetim

philanthropist (n) /fɪˈlænθrəpɪst/ someone who believes in helping people, especially by giving
money to those who need it – yardımsevər

prominent (adj) /ˈprɒmɪnənt/ important or well known – görkəmli

secular (adj) /ˈsekjʊlər / not connected with religious matters – dünyəvi

Listening

currently (adv) /ˈkʌrə ntli/ at the present time – hal-hazırkı

disabled (adj) /dɪsˈeɪbə ld/ unable to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a
physical condition, an illness, an injury, etc. – sağlamlıq imkanları məhdud, əlil

notice (v) /ˈnəʊtɪs/ to see or hear somebody/something – hiss etmək ( görmək və ya eşitmək)

nursing home (n)/ˈnɜːsɪŋ həʊm/ a small private hospital, especially one where old people live and are
cared for – kiçik özəl xəstəxana, hüzur evi

remote (adj)/rɪˈməʊt/ far away from places where other people live - ucqar

Writing

casual (adj)/ˈkæʒjʊəl/ not formal – rəsmi olmayan, günlük

curious (adj) /ˈkjʊərɪəs/ having a strong desire to know about something – hər şeylə maraqlanan

feature /ˈfiːʧə/ a part of somebody’s face such as their nose, mouth and eyes – xüsusiyyət, üz cizgisi

flat-heeled (adj) /flæt hiːld/ (about shoes) with no heels – yastı daban

girlish (adj)/ˈgɜːlɪʃ/ like a girl – qız kimi

high-heeled (adj) /haɪ hiːld/ (about shoes) with high heels – hündür daban

knee-length (adj) /niː leŋθ/ long enough to reach your knees – diz boyu

slim (adj) /slɪm/ (of a person) thin, in a way that is attractive- zərif, incə

teenaged (adj) /ˈtiːnˌeɪʤd/ between 13 and 19 years old – yeniyetmə

well-built (adj) /wel bɪlt/ (of a person) with a solid, strong body – sağlam, əzələli bədən

Time to watch

boomerang (n) /ˈbuːməræŋ/ a curved flat piece of wood that you throw and that can fly in a circle and
come back to you- bumeranq

fame (n) /feɪm/ the state of being known and talked about by many people – şöhrət

found (v) /faʊnd/ to start something, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing
money - əsasını qoymaq

gain (v) /geɪn/ to gradually get more of something - əldə etmək

grateful (adj) /ˈgreɪtfə l/ feeling or showing thanks because somebody has done something kind for
you – minnətdar
hardship (n) /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough
money, food, clothes, etc. – çətinlik

matter (v) /ˈmætər / to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something – önəmli

olmaq

powerful (adj) /ˈpaʊəfə l/ having great strength - güclü

praise (v) /preɪz/ to say that you approve of and admire somebody/something – tərifləmək

ripple effect /ˈrɪpə l ɪˈfekt/ a situation in which one action causes another, which then causes a third
etc. – dalğa effekti

self-worth (n) /self wɜːθ/ a feeling of confidence in yourself that you are a good and useful person
specific /spɪˈsɪfɪk/ detailed and exact – konkret, səciyyəvi, xüsusi

vest (n) /vest/ a special piece of clothing that covers the upper part of the body - jilet

Unit 2

Vocabulary

break out (phr.v) /breɪk aʊt/ to start suddenly – qəfil başlamaq

counter-attack (n) /ˈkaʊntərəˌtæk/ an attack made in response to the attack of an enemy - əks hücum

defend (v) /dɪˈfend/ to protect against attack – müdafiə etmək

defence (n) /dɪˈfens/ protection against attack – müdafiə

event (n) /ɪˈvent/ a thing that happens, especially something important – hadisə

heroic (adj) /hɪˈrəʊɪk/ showing extreme courage and admired by many people – qəhrəmanca, cəsur

joy (n) /ʤɔɪ/ a feeling of great happiness - sevinc

launch (v) /lɔːnʧ/ to start an activity, especially an organised one - başlamaq

liberate (v) /ˈlɪbə reɪt/ to free a country or a person from the control of somebody else – azad etmək

liberation (n) /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/ the act or process of freeing a country or a person from the control of
somebody else - azadlıq

martyrs (n) /ˈmɑːtəz/ people who sacrifice their lives for the sake of the motherland – şəhidlər

occupy (v) /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ to enter a place in a large group and take control of it, especially by military
force – işğal etmək

occupation (n) /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/ the act of moving into a country, town, etc. and taking control of it using
military force - işğal

realise (v) /ˈrɪəlaɪz/ to understand or become aware of a particular fact or situation – anlamaq, dərk
etmək
rightful (adj) /ˈraɪtfə l/ that is correct, right or legal – haqlı, hüquqi

stand up for (phr.v) /stænd ʌp fɔː/ defend or support somebody or something – dəstəkləmək, tərəfdar
olmaq

triumph (n) /ˈtraɪəmf/ victory – qələbə, zəfər

victorious (adj) /vɪkˈtɔːrɪəs/ having won a victory- müzəffər, qalib gəlmiş

Reading

at the cost of sth /ət ðə kɒst əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ by giving up or hurting (something else) – n’yins’ hesab;na

claim (v) /kleɪm/ to say that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may
not believe it – iddia etmək

eventually(adv) /ɪˈvenʧəli/ at the end of a period of time or a series of events – nəhayət

exhausted (adj) /ɪgˈzɔːstɪd/ very tired – çox yorğun

extremely (adv) /ɪksˈtriːmli/ to a very high degree – son dərəcə

factor (n) /ˈfæktər / things that cause or influence something – factor, amil

give up (phr.v) /gɪv/ /ʌp/ to stop trying to do something- imtina etmək

immense (adj) /ɪˈmens/ extremely large or great- ucsuz- bucaqsız, son dərəcə böyük

injustice (n) /ɪnˈʤʌstɪs/ an unfair act or an example of unfair treatment - ədalətsizlik

long-awaited (adj) /lɒŋ/-/əˈweɪtɪd/ that people have been waiting for for a long time – uzun zamandır
gözlənən

reputation (n) /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃə n/ the opinion that people have about what somebody/something is like,
based on what has happened in the past – reputasiya, ad -san, şan-şöhrət

stain (n) /steɪn/ something that damages a person’s reputation, so that people think badly of them –
ləkə

supplement (n) /ˈsʌplɪmənt/ a thing that is added to something else to complete it – təchizat

be worth doing sth /bi wɜːθ duːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ used to say that something is interesting, useful, or
helpful – nəyisə etməyə dəymək

Grammar A

the armed forces /ði ˌɑːmd ˈfɔːsɪz/ a country’s army, navy and air force – silahlı qüvvələr

bravely (adv) /ˈbreɪvli/ in a way that shows courage – cəsurcasına, cəsarətlə

bravery (n) /ˈbreɪvəri/ the quality of being brave – cəsurluq, rəşadət

cradle (of something) (n) /ˈkreɪdə l/ the place where something important began - başlanğıc

ensure (v) /ɪnˈʃʊər / to make sure that something happens or is definite - əmin etmək

heroism (n) /ˈherəʊɪzə m/ very great courage – qəhrəmanlıq

justice (n) /ˈʤʌstɪs/ (n) the fair treatment of people - ədalət

overcome (v) /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ to succeed in dealing with a problem that has been preventing you from
achieving something – öhdəsindən gəlmək

pearl (n) /pɜːl/ a thing that is very highly valued - mirvari

pride (n) /praɪd/ a feeling that you are proud of something that you or someone connected with you
has achieved – fəxr, qürur

remain (v) /rɪˈmeɪn/ to continue to be something - qalmaq

scream (v) /skriːm/ to give a loud, high shout, because you are hurt, frightened, excited, etc. -
qışqırmaq

will (n) /wɪl/ a strong desire to do something that you want to do – istək, iradə, məqsəd

withdrawal (n) /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ the act of moving or taking something away or back – geri çəkilmə

Grammar B

ally (n) /ˈælaɪ/ a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a
war – müttəfiq

ancestor (n) /ˈænsɪstər / a person in your family who lived a long time ago -əcdad

blame (v) /bleɪm/ to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad –
ittiham etmək, günahlandırmaq

ceasefire (n) /ˈsiːsˌfaɪər / a time when enemies agree to stop fighting – atəşkəs

disclose (v) /dɪsˈkləʊz/ to give somebody information about something, especially something that was
previously secret – ifşa etmək

intention (n) /ɪnˈtenʃə n/ what you intend or plan to do; your aim – niyyət

long for (v) /lɒŋ fɔːr / to want something very much especially if it does not seem likely to happen
soon – arzulamaq, həsrətində olmaq

target (n) /ˈtɑːgɪt/ a result that you try to achieve- hədəf

unfair (adj) /ʌnˈfeər / not right or fair according to a set of rules or principles Listening - ədalətsiz

agreement (n)/əˈgriːmənt/ an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with somebody - razılaşma

be involved in sth /bi ɪnˈvɒlvd ɪn ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ taking part in something- cəlb olunmaq
claim (n) /kleɪm/ saying something is true – iddia

clarify (v) /ˈklærɪfaɪ/ to make something clearer or easier to understand - aydınlaşdırmaq

commit (v) /kəˈmɪt/ to do something wrong or illegal – günah işləmək

define (v) /dɪˈfaɪn/ to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is – açıqlamaq, tərifini
vermək

deny (v) /dɪˈnaɪ/ to say that something is not true – inkar etmək

genocide (n) /ˈʤenəʊsaɪd/ the murder of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic
group, with the aim of destroying that nation or group- soyqırım

initial (adj) /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ the first – ilkin, ilk

integrity (n) /ɪnˈtegrɪti/ the state of being whole and not divided – bütövlük, vahidlik

legitimate (adj) /lɪˈʤɪtɪmɪt/ allowed and acceptable according to the law - qanuni

proof (n) /pruːf/ information, documents, etc. that show that something is true - sübut

regain (v) /rɪˈgeɪn/ get back – geri qazanmaq

self determination (n) /self dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/ the process by which a group of people form their own
state and choose their own government – öz taleyini həll etmə, bir millətin öz taleyini həll etməsi

settlement (n) /ˈsetlmənt/ the process of people making their homes in a place – məskunlaşma

victim (n) /ˈvɪktɪm/ a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a
disease, an accident, etc. - qurban

Writing

resettle (v) /ˌriːˈsetl/ to help people go and live in a new area – məskunlaşmaq, yenidən yerləşdirmək

resume (v) /rɪˈzjuːm/ to start again after a pause – yenidən başlamaq

significant (adj) /sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt/ important – vacib, önəmli

yield (v) /jiːld/ (/viː/) to produce or provide something, for example a profit, result or crop Time to
watch – təslim olmaq

attend (v) /əˈtend/ to be present at an event – iştirak etmək

breed (n) /briːd/ a type of animal that is kept as a pet or on a farm – cins, növ

enthusiasm (n) /ɪnˈθjuːzɪæzm/ a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment about something – həvəs,
maraq

envy (v) /ˈenvi/ to wish that you had someone else’s possessions, abilities etc. – həsəd aparmaq

originate from (v) /əˈrɪʤɪneɪt frɒm/ to come from a particular place – mənşəyini götürmək
passion (n) /ˈpæʃən/ an extreme interest in something – ehtiras, istək

stallion (n) /ˈstæljən/ a male horse that is fully grown –ayqır at

vet (n) /vet/ a person whose job is to treat animals who are sick or injured - baytar

well-protected (adj) /wel prəˈtektɪd/ kept safe from danger or harm – yaxşı mühafizə olunmuş

Unit 3

Vocabulary

annual (adj) /ˈænjʊəl/ happening once a year – illik, ildə bir dəfə

approach (v) /əˈprəʊʧ/ to come near to somebody/something in distance or time -yaxınlaşmaq

date back (v) /deɪt bæk/ to have existed since a particular time in the past – tarixə istinadən

diverse (adj) /daɪˈvɜːs/ very different from each other and of various kinds – müxtəlif, cürbəcür

excuse (n) /ɪksˈkjuːs/ reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your
behaviour – bəhanə

exist (v) /ɪgˈzɪst/ to be real; to be present in a place or situation- mövcud olmaq

festivities (n) /fesˈtɪvɪtiz/ the activities that are organised to celebrate a special event – şənlik

live (adj) /laɪv/ given or made when people are watching, not recorded - canlı

nationwide (adj) /ˈneɪʃənwaɪd/ happening or existing in all parts of a particular country - ümummilli

preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ to keep safe from harm or injury- qoruyub saxlamaq

range (n) /reɪnʤ/ a variety of things of a particular type – silsilə, müxtəliflik

record (n) /ˈrekɔːd/ a written account of something that is kept so that it can be looked at and used in
the future – lent yazısı

ritual (n) /ˈrɪʧʊəl/ a ceremony that is always performed in the same way – ritual, mərasim

Reading

attendee (v) /ətenˈdiː/ a person who attends a meeting, etc. - iştirakçı

disappointment (n) /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ the feeling of being sad because something has not been as
good as you expected – məyusluq

festival goer (n) /ˈfestəvəl ˈgəʊə/ a person who attends a music festival, film festival, etc. – festival
iştirakçısı
festive (adj) /ˈfestɪv/ typical of a special event or celebration – təntənəli, bayrama aid

modest (adj) /ˈmɒdɪst/ not very large, expensive, important, etc. – təvazökar

operate (v) /ˈɒpəreɪt/ (of a business, organisation or service) to work – işlətmək

parking lot (n) /ˈpɑːkɪŋ lɒt/ an area where people can leave their cars – avtodayanacaq

PR (public relations) (n) /piː-ɑː/ the work of explaining to the public what an organisation does, so
that they will understand it and approve of it – ictimaiyyətlə əlaqələr

prank (n) /præŋk/ a practical joke - zarafat

promote (v)/prəˈməʊt/ to try to persuade people to support or use something – təşviq etmək

take place (v) /teɪk pleɪs/ to happen, especially after being planned or arranged – baş vermək

Grammar A

absolute (adj) /ˈæbsəluːt/ total and complete – tam, mütləq

associate (v) /əˈsəʊʃɪɪt/ to make a connection between people or things in your mind -
əlaqələndirmək

except for (prep) /ɪkˈsept fɔːr/ with the exception of- başqa

homesick (adj)/ˈhəʊmsɪk/ sad because you are away from home and you miss your family and friends
– ev həsrəti çəkən

loyalty (n) /ˈlɔɪəlti/ the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for someone or something
- sadiqlik

perform (v) /pəˈfɔːm/ to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc. –
rolunu oynamaq, yerinə yetirmək

performance (n) /pəˈfɔːməns/ the act of performing a play, concert or some other form of
entertainment – tamaşa, oyun

regardless of (prep) /rɪˈgɑːdlɪs əv/ paying no attention to something/somebody - əhəmiyyət

verməyərək, diqqət verməyərək

Grammar B

identical (adj) /aɪˈdentɪkəl/ similar in every detail – eyni

root (in sth.)(v) /ruːt/ formed, made, or developed by using (something) as a basis – kök salmaq, kök
atmaq

salutation (n) /ˌsæljuːˈteɪʃən/ something that you say to welcome or say hello to somebody –
salamlaşma, xitab
surface (n) /ˈsɜːfɪs/ the outside or top layer of something- səth

symbolise (v) /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ to be a symbol of something- rəmzi olmaq

tattoo (n) /təˈtuː/ a picture or design that is marked permanently on a person’s skin by making small
holes in the skin with a needle and filling them with coloured ink – döymə, tatu

Listening

critically (adv) /ˈkrɪtɪkəli/ in a way that is serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous – ciddi dərəcədə,
təhlükəli şəkildə

endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪnʤəd/ (used especially about groups of animals, plants, etc.) at risk of no
longer existing – nəsli tükənməkdə olan

extinct (adj) /ɪksˈtɪŋkt/ (of a type of plant, animal, etc.) no longer in existence – nəsli tükənmiş

indigenous (adj) /ɪnˈdɪʤɪnəs/ (of people and their culture) coming from a particular place and having
lived there for a long time before other people came there – yerli, məxsusi

outsider (n) /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdər/ someone who is not accepted as a member of a particular social group –
təklənmiş biri

Peruvian (adj) /pəˈruːvɪən/ from Peru or connected with Peru – Peruya məxsus

poison (v) /ˈpɔɪzn/ to put poison in or on something – zəhər

survive (v) /səˈvaɪv/ to continue to live or exist – sağ qalmaq

Writing

campus (n) /ˈkæmpəs/ the buildings of a university or college and the land around them – düşərgə

dormitory (n) /ˈdɔːmɪtə ri/ a room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other -
yataqxana

institution hall (n) /hɔːl/ a building for university or college students to live in – tələbə yataqxanası

mutually (adv) /ˈmjuːtjʊəli/ felt or done equally by two or more people- qarşılıqlı olaraq

socialise (v) /ˈsəʊʃə laɪz/ to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy
yourself - sosiallaşmaq

theorise (v) /ˈθɪəraɪz/ to form a theory or theories about something – nəzəriyyə yaratmaq

Time to watch

adapt (v) /əˈdæpt/ to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation -
uyğunlaşmaq
disturb (v) /dɪsˈtɜːb/ to interrupt somebody when they are trying to work, sleep, etc. – narahat etmək

illustration (n) /ˌɪləsˈtreɪʃə n/ a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, for decoration or to explain
something – şəkil

interact (v) /ˌɪntərˈækt/ to communicate with somebody, especially while you work, play or spend
time with them - əlaqə qurmaq

perspective (n) /pəˈspektɪv/ a way of thinking about something – baxış bucağı

tension (n) /ˈtenʃə n/ a nervous feeling that makes it impossible for you to relax – gərginlik

weird (adj) /wɪəd/ very strange and unusual – qəribə

wonder (v) /ˈwʌndər / to want to know - maraqlanmaq

Unit 4

Vocabulary

artificial (adj) /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl/ made or produced to copy something natural; not real - süni

deforestation (n) /dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ the clearing of forests by humans – meşələrin məhv edilməsi-

depend on (v)/dɪˈpend ɒn/ need the support of someone or something in order to exist - asılı olmaq

end up (phr.v) /end ʌp/ finally be in a particular place- nəticələnmək

excessive (adj) /ɪkˈsesɪv/ too much – son dərəcə

extinction (n)/ɪksˈtɪŋkʃən/ when a particular type of animal or plant stops existing – nəsli kəsilmə

invisible (adj) /ɪnˈvɪzəbəl/ that cannot be seen – görünməz

keep away from (phr. v) /kiːp əˈweɪ frəm/ to avoid going near somebody/something – uzaq durmaq

lead (to) (v) /liːd tə/ have something as a result – səbəb olmaq, yol açmaq

reduce (v) /rɪˈdjuːs/ make something less or smaller in size, quantity, price, etc. - azaltmaq

threat (n) /θret/ the possibility of trouble, danger or disaster – təhlükə

Reading

blinds (n) /blaɪndz/ a covering, especially one made of cloth, that can be rolled up and down to cover
a window inside a building - jalüz

bulb (n) /bʌlb/ the glass part that fits into an electric lamp, etc. to give light when it is switched on –
lampa

eyesight (n)/ˈaɪsaɪt/ the ability to see- görmə qabiliyyəti

guide (v) /gaɪd/ to show somebody the way to a place, often by going with them – bələdçilik etmək

lit-up (adj) /lɪt ʌp/ bright with light – işıqlanmış, aydınlaşmış

migration (n) /maɪˈgreɪʃə n/ when birds or animals travel regularly from one part of the world to
another – miqrasiya, köç etmə

observe (v) /əbˈzɜːv/ to see somebody/something – müşahidə etmək

wildlife (n) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/- vəhşi təbiət

Grammar A

directly (adv) /dɪˈrektli/ immediately – dərhal

global warming (n) /ˈgləʊbə l ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ the increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere that is
caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide – qlobal istiləşmə

overpopulated (adj) /ˌəʊvəˈpɒpjəleɪtɪd/ (of a country or city) with too many people living in it –
həddən artıq məskunlaşmış

polar (adj) /ˈpəʊlər / connected with, or near the North or South Pole - qütb

probably (adv) /ˈprɒbəbli/ used to say that something is likely to happen or to be true – ehtimal ki

Grammar B

concern (n) /kənˈsɜːn/ a feeling of worry, especially one that is shared by many people - narahatlıq

drinkable (adj) /ˈdrɪŋkəbəl/ clean and safe to drink – içməli

gallon (n) /ˈgælən/ (in Britain and North America) a unit for measuring liquid – qallon ( 4.55 litr)

glacier (n) /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ a slow-moving mass or river of ice, formed from snow on mountains or near
the North Pole or South Pole- buzlaq

industrial waste (n) /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəl weɪst/ waste material produced by industrial processes or activity –
sənaye tullantısı

lock up (phr.v) /lɒk ʌp/ to put something in a safe place that can be locked – baglı yerdə saxlamaq

opposite (adj) /ˈɒpəzɪt/ as different as possible from something - əks, zidd

store (v) /stɔːr / to put something somewhere and keep it there to use later - saxlamaq

total (adj) /ˈtəʊtə l/ including the whole amount – ümumi, toplam

water barrel (n) /ˈwɔːtə ˈbærə l/ a large container for storing water for later use – su çəlləyi

water body(n) /ˈwɔːtə ˈbɒdi/ the part of the earth’s surface covered with water (such as a river or lake
or ocean)- su kütləsi, su hövzəsi
Listening

breathe (v) /briːð/ to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth –
nəfəs almaq

breath (n) /breθ/ the air that you take into your lungs and send out again – tənəffüs, nəfəs alma

construction (n) /kənˈstrʌkʃən/ the process or method of building or making something, especially
roads, buildings, bridges, etc.- konstruksiya , inşaat

double (v) /ˈdʌbəl/ become twice as much/many- ikiqat

harm (v) /hɑːm/ to hurt or injure somebody or to damage something – ziyan vurmaq

hybrid (adj) /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ (of a vehicle) using two different types of power, especially petrol or diesel and
electricity- hybrid, iki fərqli enerji mənbəyindən istifadə

researcher (n) /rɪˈsɜːʧər/ a person who studies something carefully and tries to discover new facts
about it – tədqiqatçı

smog (n) /smɒg/ a form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in
cities – çirkli duman, çirkli hava kütləsi

smoggy (adj) /ˈsmɒɡi/ (of air) containing pollution that is a mixture of smoke and fog – dumanlı ( çirkli
havadan ibarət)

solar power (n) /ˈsəʊlə ˈpaʊər/ energy obtained from the light and heat from the sun, used to
produce electricity – günəş enerjisi

unique (adj) /juːˈniːk/ being the only one of its kind – tək, vahid, yeganə

Writing

acre (n) /ˈeɪkə(r)/ a unit for measuring an area of land; 4840 square yards or about 4050 square
metres – akr ( sahə ölçü vahidi)

rate (n) /reɪt/ a measurement of the speed at which something happens - sürət həddi

fuel (n) /fjuːəl/ any material that produces heat or power, usually when it is burnt - yanacaq

soil (n) /sɔɪl/ the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc. grow - torpaq

solution (n) /səˈluːʃə n/ a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation – həll

suitable (adj) /ˈsjuːtəbə l/ right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasion – uyğun, əlverişli

Time to watch
choke (v) /ʧəʊk/ to be unable to breathe because you cannot get enough air – boğulmaq, nəfəs ala
bilməmək

drought (n) /draʊt/ a long period of time when there is little or no rain - quraqlıq

eco-friendly (adj) /ˈiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/ not harmful to the environment- təbiətin dostu, təbiət üçün ziyanlı
olmayan

flood (n) /flʌd/ a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry - sel

fossil fuel (n) /ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/ fuel such as coal or oil that was formed over millions of years from parts of
dead animals or plants – fosil yanacağı

outstanding (adj) /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ extremely good; excellent – məşhur

star (v) /stɑːr / to have one of the main parts in a film, play, etc. - ulduz

urgency (n) /ˈɜːʤə nsi/ the quality of needing to be dealt with or happen immediately – təcili hal

Unit 5

Vocabulary

attempt (n) /əˈtempt/ an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no
success – cəhd

crucial (adj) /ˈkruːʃə l/ extremely important, because it will affect other things - vacib

discipline (n) /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/ the ability to control your own behaviour, so that you do what you are
expected to do – nizam-intizam

distract (v) /dɪsˈtrækt/ take somebody’s attention away from what they are trying to do – fikrindən
yayındırmaq

effort (n) /ˈefət/ a hard try; attempt – cəhd

emotion (n) /ɪˈməʊʃə n/ a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger – hiss, emosiya

focus (v) /ˈfəʊkəs/ direct one’s attention towards one thing; concentrate – diqqətini yönəltmək

make an effort /meɪk ən ˈefət/ attempt to do something- cəhd etmək

make an impact /meɪk ən ˈɪmpækt/ have a strong effect or influence on a situation or person – təsir
etmək, təsiri olmaq

mindset (n) /ˈmaɪndset/ a person’s way of thinking and their opinions – zehniyyət, düşüncə tərzi

overnight (adj)/ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ happening suddenly or quickly – birdən birə, bir gecə içərisində

top (adj) /tɒp/ highest in position; very good- çox yaxşı, zirvə, ən yüksək məqam
Reading

backup (n) /bæk ʌp/ extra help or support that you can get if necessary – dəstək

career (n) /kəˈrɪər / the work a person chooses to do through life - karyera

concept (n)/ˈkɒnsept/ a general idea or thought – konsept, ümumi fikir, anlayış

define (v) /dɪˈfaɪn/ explain the meaning of – izah etmək

excitement (n)/ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ the state of feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm – həyəcan

keep in contact (with) /kiːp ɪn ˈkɒntækt wɪð/ to maintain (close) contact (with someone) - əlaqədə
olmaq

path (n) /pɑːθ/ a plan or series of actions that will help you achieve something – yol, cığır, plan, həyat
biçimi

potential (adj) /pəʊˈtenʃə l/ possible - mümkün

put aside (phr.v) /pʊt əˈsaɪd/ to save something or keep it available to use – kənara qoymaq, yığmaq

remote control (n) /rɪˈməʊt kənˈtrəʊl/ a device that allows you to operate a television, etc. from a
distance- pult, televizor idareedicisi

Grammar A

artificial intelligence (n) /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃə l ɪnˈtelɪʤə ns/ the study and development of computer systems
that can copy intelligent human behaviour – süni intellekt

emigrate (v) /ˈemɪgreɪt/ to leave your own country to go and live permanently in another country –
köçmək ( başqa ölkəyə)

greedy(adj) /ˈgriːdi/ wanting more money, power, food, etc. than you really need - acgöz

lifelong (adj) /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ lasting or existing all through your life – ömür boyu

prominent (adj) /ˈprɒmɪnənt/ important or well known – görkəmli

degree (n) /dɪˈgriː/ the qualification obtained by students who successfully complete a university or
college course – dərəcə

refer (v) /rɪˈfɜːr / to mention or speak about somebody/something- istinad etmək, bəhs etmək

Grammar B

bestseller (n) /ˌbestˈselər/ a product, usually a book, which is bought by large numbers of people –
çox satılan

catch the attention /kæʧ ði əˈtenʃən/ to cause one to become interested in something – diqqətini
çəkmək
incredibly (adv) /ɪnˈkredəbli/ extremely – son dərəcə

offer (v) /ˈɒfər/ to say that you are willing to give something to somebody- təklif etmək

phenomenon (n) /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ a person or thing that is very successful or impressive – fenomen

score a goal /skɔːr ə gəʊl/ to win or get a point, goal, etc. in a competition, sport, game, or test – xal
qazanmaq

series (n) /ˈsɪəriːz/ a set of books published by the same company that deal with the same subject-
silsilə, seriya

sign a contract /saɪn ə ˈkɒntrækt/ to make a document legal by writing your signature on it –
müqaviləni imzalamaq

turn down (phr.v)/tɜːn daʊn/ to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person
who makes it – rədd etmək

unnoticed (adj) /ʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ not seen or noticed – görünməz, gözdən qaçmış, gözə çarpmayan

wizard (n) /ˈwɪzəd/ (in stories) a man with magic powers - sehirbaz

Listening

dedication (n) /ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃə n/ the willingness to give a lot of time and energy to something because it
is important – həsr etmə

dive into (phr.v) /daɪv ˈɪntuː/ to start or join in something without hesitating, or with enthusiasm –
baş vurmaq

enroll (in) (v) /ɪnˈrəʊl ɪn/ to arrange for yourself or for somebody else to officially join a course,
school, etc. – qeydiyyatdan keçmək

inspiring (adj)/ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ exciting and encouraging you to do or feel something - ilhamlandırıcı,

cəsarətləndirici

motivational (adj) /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃə nə l/ making somebody want to do something, especially something

that involves hard work and effort - stimulverici

prove(v) /pruːv/ show something is true – sübut etmək

proof (n) /pruːf/ information, documents, etc. that show that something is true- sübut

react (v) /riːˈækt/ to change or behave in a particular way as a result of or in response to something –
reaksiya vermək

reject (v) /ˈriːʤekt/ to refuse to accept or consider something – etiraz etmək, rədd etmək

rejection (n) /rɪˈʤekʃə n/ the act of refusing to accept or consider something - etiraz

speech disorder (n) /spiːʧ dɪsˈɔːdər / a condition in which a person has problems forming the speech
sounds needed to communicate with others – nitq pozğunluğu
Writing

afterwards (adv) /ˈɑːftəwədz/ at a later time - sonradan

exact (adj) /ɪgˈzækt/ correct in every detail – dəqiq

stuck (adj) /get stʌk/ unable to move or to be moved – çıxa bilməmək

in the meantime /ɪn ðə ˈmiːnˈtaɪm/ in the period of time between two times or two events – bu
müddət içərisində

meanwhile (adv)/ˈmiːnˈwaɪl/ while something else is happening – bu arada, bu sırada

Time to watch

face challenges /feɪs ˈʧælɪnʤɪz/ to have to deal with a challenging situation- çətinliklərlə üzləşmək

failure (n) /ˈfeɪljər/ lack of success in doing or achieving something - uğursuzluq

IDP (internally displaced person) /aɪ-diː-piː/ a person who has been forced to move within their own
country because of conflict or disaster – məcburi köçkün

remote (adj) /rɪˈməʊt/ far away from places where other people live - ucqar

responsibility(n) /rɪsˌpɒnsɪˈbɪləti/ a duty or task that you are required or expected to do – məsuliyyət

role model (n) /rəʊl ˈmɒdəl/ a person that people admire and try to copy – nümunəvi insane, rol
model

UNIT 6

Vocabulary

anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ an uncomfortable feeling of worry about something that is happening or might
happen in future- narahatlıq

avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ to stay away from someone or something –boyun qaçırtmaq

bully (v) /ˈbʊli/ frighten or hurt a weaker person – kobudluq etmək

calorie (n) /ˈkæləri/ a unit for measuring how much energy food will produce - kalori

deal with (phr.v) /diːl wɪð/ take the necessary action in order to solve a problem – öhdəsindən gəlmək

get rid of (phr.v) /get rɪd əv/ make yourself free of something that you do not want - qurtulmaq
prevent (v)/prɪˈvent/ stop something from happening – qarşısını almaq

regret (v) /rɪˈgret/ feel sorry about something you have done- peşman olmaq

regularly (adv) /ˈregjʊləli/ often- müntəzəm, tez-tez

stay away (from) /steɪ əˈweɪ/ to avoid something that will have a bad effect on you – uzaq durmaq

well-being /wel ˈbiːɪŋ/ a feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happy –sağlam, xoşbəxt

Reading

aggression (n) /əˈgreʃə n/ actions or behaviour that use threats or force against others – aqqresiya,
əsəbilik

confidence (n)/ˈkɒnfɪdə ns/ a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful - inam

depression (n) /dɪˈpreʃə n/ a medical condition in which a person feels very sad, anxious and without
hope and often has physical symptoms such as being unable to sleep, etc. - depresiya

emotional (adj) /ɪˈməʊʃə nə l/ showing strong emotions, sometimes in a way that other people think
is unnecessary - emosional

go for sth (phr. v) /gəʊ fə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ to put a lot of effort into something, so that you get or achieve
something – cəhd etmək, arxasınca getmək

long-term (adj) /lɒŋ tɜːm/ lasting or having an effect over a long period of time – uzun müddətli

nutrient (n) /ˈnjuːtrɪənt/ a substance that is needed to keep a living thing alive and to help it to grow-
qida

schedule (n) /ˈʃedjuːl/ a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it – plan,
proqram, cədvəl

short-term (adj) /ʃɔːt tɜːm/ lasting a short time – qısa müddətli

sugary (adj) /ˈʃʊgə ri/ containing sugar – şəkərli

treatment (n) /ˈtriːtmənt/ something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make somebody
look and feel good – müalicə

Grammar A

academic (adj) /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ connected with education, especially studying in schools and
universities- akademik, təhsillə bağlı

cell (n) /sel/ the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own – hüceyrə

harmful (adj) /ˈhɑːmfə l/ causing damage or injury to somebody/something, especially to a person’s

health or to the environment - ziyanlı
immune system (n) /ɪˈmjuːn ˈsɪstəm/ the system in your body that produces substances to help it
fight against infection and disease – immun sistem, immunitet

infection (n)/ɪnˈfekʃə n/ an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the
body - infeksiya

lack (n) /læk/ the state of not having something or not having enough of something - çatışmazlıq

on average /ɒn ˈævə rɪʤ/ used for talking about what is usually true, although it may not be true in
every individual situation – orta hesabla

sleeplessness (n) /ˈsliːpləsnəs/ the state of being unable to sleep - yuxusuzluq

trouble (v) /ˈtrʌbə l/ to make somebody worried or upset – narahat etmək

Grammar B

disrespectful (adj) /ˌdɪsrɪsˈpektfəl/ showing a lack of respect for somebody/something – hörmətsiz

ignore (v) /ɪgˈnɔːr / to pay no attention to something- əhəmiyyət verməmək

painkiller (n)/ˈpeɪnˌkɪlər / a drug that reduces pain – ağrıkəsici

revise (v) /rɪˈvaɪz/ to prepare for an exam by looking again at work that you have done – təkrar etmək

Listening

arthritis (n) /ɑːˈθraɪtɪs/ a disease that causes one or more joints of the body to become painful and
swollen – artrit xəstəliyi

blood circulation (n) /blʌd sɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən/ the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels – qan
dövranı

bone (n) /bəʊn/ any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of the body of a human or an animal –
sümük

joint (n) /ʤɔɪnt/ a place where two bones are joined together in the body in a way that enables them
to bend and move - oynaq

recover (v) /rɪˈkʌvər/ to get well again after being ill, hurt, etc. - sağalmaq

scuba-diving (n)/ˈskuːbə ˈdaɪvɪŋ/ the sport or activity of swimming underwater using special
breathing equipment – suya baş vurma, suya dalma

terrified (adj) /ˈterɪfaɪd/ very frightened – çox qorxmuş

worth (adj) /wɜːθ/ used to recommend the action mentioned because you think it may be useful,
pleasant, etc. – dəyərli
Writing

in the comfort of one’s home /ɪn ðə ˈkʌmfət əv wʌnz həʊm/ at home – evdə olmaq ( rahat olmaq)

interactive (adj) /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ used to describe a system or computer program that is designed to
allow the user to exchange information with it- interaktiv, qarşılıqlı təsir edən

keep fit /kiːp fɪt/ to remain strong, healthy, and physically sound – formada qalmaq

waterskiing (n) /ˈwɔːtə ˈskiːɪŋ/ the sport or activity of skiing on water while being pulled by a fast boat
– su xizəyi

weight gain (n) /weɪt geɪn/ an increase in body weight – çəki alma

Time To watch

congestion (n) /kənˈʤesʧən/ the state of being crowded and full of traffic - tıxac

drop (v) /drɒp/ to become or make something weaker, lower or less; fall – düşmək

give away (phr. v) /gɪv əˈweɪ/ to give something as a gift – bəxşiş etmək, hədiyyə etmək

helmet (n) /ˈhelmət/ ea type of hard hat that protects the head, worn, for example, by a police
officer, a soldier or a person riding a bike or motorbike or playing some sports – dəbilqə

purpose (n) /ˈpɜːpəs/ the intention, aim or function of something; the thing that something is
supposed to achieve – məqsəd

reflective (adj) /rɪˈflektɪv/ surfaces send back light or heat - əks etdirici

refurbish (v) /ˌriːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ to clean and decorate a room, building, etc. in order to make it more
attractive, more useful, etc. – təzələmək, yeniləmək

requirement (n) /rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/ something that you need or want – tələb

safety(n) /ˈseɪfti/ the state of being safe and protected from danger or harm – təhlükəsizlik

significantly(adv) /sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli/ in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on

something or to be noticed - əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə

UNIT 7

Vocabulary

a matter of /ə ˈmætər əv/ - məsələsi

adapt to (v.) /əˈdæpt tə/ to change your ideas or behaviour to make them suitable for a new situation
– adaptasiya olmaq, öyrəşmək

adolescence (n) /ˌædəʊˈlesnə s/ the period of a time in a person’s life from ages 11 to 19 –
yeniyetməlik

adulthood (n) /əˈdʌlthʊd/ the state or period of being fully grown, fully developed, usually after age
20. - yetkinlik

double down on something (phr. v) /ˈdʌbə l/ daʊn/ /ɒn/ /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ to continue to do something in an
even more determined way than before – üstələmək

pursue (v) /pəˈsjuː/ to try to achieve something- həyata keçirtməyə çalışmaq

retirement (n) /rɪˈtaɪəmənt/ the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you
are old – təqaüd

self-discovery (n) /self dɪsˈkʌvə ri/ the process of learning about yourself and your beliefs – özünü kəşf

self-sufficient (adj) /self səˈfɪʃə nt/ able to take care of yourself, to be happy, or to deal with problems,
without help from other people - özü özünə yetən, başqalarına möhtac olmayan

simplicity (n) /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/ the fact that something is ordinary, natural and not complicated – bəsitlik,
sadəlik

Reading

acceptable (adj) /əkˈseptəbə l/ considered by most people to be reasonable, or to be something that

can be allowed – qəbul edilən

autonomous (adj) /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ independent and having the power to make your own decisions –
müstəqil

circumstance (n) /ˈsɜːkəmstɑːns/ a fact or condition that affects a situation – hal, vəziyyət, durum

commit (v) /kəˈmɪt/ to promise or give your loyalty or money to a particular principle, person or plan
of action - söz vermək

experimentation (n) /rksˌperɪmenˈteɪʃə n/ the process of trying methods, activities, etc. to discover
what effect they have – eksperiment keçirtmə

function (v) /ˈfʌŋkʃə n/ to work or operate – işləmək, fəaliyyət göstərmək

stuck (adj) /stʌk/ in a difficult situation, or unable to change or get away from a difficult situation –
çətin vəziyyətdə olmaq

impact (n) /ˈɪmpækt/ the powerful effect that something has on a situation or a person – təsir

legacy (n) /ˈlegəsi/ something that someone has achieved that continues to exist after they stop
working or die - miras
maximise (v) /ˈmæksɪmaɪz/ to make something as great in amount, size, or importance as possible –
böyütmək, çoxaltmaq

mission (n) /ˈmɪʃə n/ any work that someone believes it is their duty to do – missiya, vəzifə

pass on something (phr.v) /pɑːs ɒn sʌmθɪŋ/ to give something to someone who lives after you die,
usually a person in your family – miras vermək

potential (n) /pəˈtenʃə l/ someone’s or something’s ability to develop, achieve, or succeed – potensial,
daxili güc, imkan

previous (adj) /ˈpriːviəs/ happening or existing before something or someone else - əvvəlki

somewhere (adv) /ˈsʌmweər / (used especially before a number) approximately, about – təxminən

trial and error (n) /ˈtraɪəl ənd er.ər / a way of achieving an aim or solving problem by trying a number
of different methods and learning from your mistakes – yoxlama və yanılma metodu

Grammar A

anxious (adj) /ˈæŋkʃəs/ worried or nervous - narahat

consultation (n) /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃə n/ a meeting to discuss something or to get advice - konsultasiya

psychologist (n) /saɪˈkɒləʤɪst/ someone who studies human mind and human emotions and
behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on people - psixoloq

Grammar B

dedicate (v) /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ to give all of your energy, time, etc. – həsr etmək

distribute (v) /dɪsˈtrɪbjuːt/ to spread something – paylamaq , yaymaq

doubt (n) /daʊt/ a feeling of not being certain about something, especially how good or true
something is- şübhələnmək

perfectionist (n) /pəˈfekʃə nɪst/ a person who wants to be perfect and demands the highest standards
possible – mükəmməliyyətçi

regain (v) /rɪˈgeɪn/ to take or get possession of something again – yenidən əldə etmək

trap (n) /træp/ a dangerous or unpleasant situation which you have got into and from which it is
difficult or impossible to escape – tələ, qurtulması imkansız olan bir vəziyyət

warn (v) /wɔːn/ to make someone realise a possible danger or problem, especially one in the future –
xəbərdarlıq etmək

Listening
fascinating (adj) /ˈfæsə neɪtɪŋ/ extremely interesting- valehedici, çox maraqlı

gratitude (n) /ˈgrætɪtjuːd/ thankfulness – minnətdarlıq

innocent (adj) /ˈɪnəsə nt/ having no knowledge of unpleasant things in life- məsum, günahsız

matter (v) /ˈmætər / to be important or to affect what happens – önəmli olmaq

social worker /ˈsəʊʃə l ˈwɜːkər / a person who works for social services providing help and support for
people in need – social xidmət işçisi

to see through someone’s eyes /tə siː θruː ˈsʌmwʌnz aɪz/ if someone sees or considers something
through your eyes, they consider it in the way that you do, from your point of view – kiminsə gözü ilə
baxmaq

willing (adj) /biːˈwɪlɪŋ/ to be happy to do something if it is needed – istəkli

Writing

amaze (v) /əˈmeɪz/ to cause someone to be extremely surprised - təəccübləndirmək

assess (v) /əˈses/ to decide the quality or importance of something – qiymət vermək

basis (n) /ˈbeɪsɪs/ the most important facts or principles or ideas that support something – təməl,
qaynaq, əsas prinsip

categorise (v) /ˈkætəgə raɪz/ to put people or things into groups with the same features – siniflərə
bölmək

doable (adj) /ˈduːəbə l/ if something is doable, it can be achieved or performed – mümkün, yerinə
yetirilə bilən

imaginative (adj) /ɪˈmæʤɪnətɪv/ new, original and showing a quick intelligence – xəyalpərəst

impressive (adj) /ɪmˈpresɪv/ if something is impressive, you admire or respect it, usually it is special,
important, or very large – təsirli

innovation (n) /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃə n/ a new idea or method - yenilik

lifespan (n) /ˈlaɪfspæn/ the length of time for which a person, animal, or thing exists - ömür

Time to watch

concierge /kɔːnsɪˈeəʒ/ someone who is employed to do jobs, such as shopping for other people –
konsyerj, qapıçı

extended family (n) /ɪksˈtendɪd ˈfæmə li/ a family unit that includes grandmothers, grandfathers,
aunts, and uncles, etc. in addition to parents and children – geniş ailə, sülalə

found (v) /faʊnd/ to bring something into existence - əsasını qoymaq

the generation gap (n) /ˌʤenəˈreɪʃə n gæp/ a situation in which older and younger people do not
understand each other because of their different experiences, opinions, habits, and behaviour –
nəsillər arasında fikir ayrılığı

judge (v) /ˈʤʌʤ/ to express a bad opinion of someone’s behaviour, often because you think you are
better than them – mühakimə etmək

mobile (adj) /ˈməʊbaɪl/ able to move easily, or be easily moved- hərəkət edilə bilən

relate to sth /rɪˈleɪt tə sʌmθɪŋ/ to understand a situation or someone’s feelings because you have
experienced a similar situation or similar feelings – kimisə anlamaq, başa düşmək

senior /ˈsiːniər / older – yaşca böyük

Unit 8

Vocabulary

alter (v) /ˈɔːltər / to change something, usually slightly, or cause the characteristics of something to
change- dəyişdirmək

boost (v) /buːst/ to improve or increase something - yaxşılaşdırmaq, yüksəltmək

count (v) /kaʊnt/ to have value or importance – önəmi olmaq

ease (v) /iːz/ to become less difficult, unpleasant, painful, etc. – asanlaşdırmaq, sakitləşdirmək

extend to (phr.v) /ɪksˈtend tə/ to affect or include someone or something – daxil etmək

inactive (adj) /ɪnˈæktɪv/ doing nothing – qeyri- fəal, fəal olmayan

maintain (v) /meɪnˈteɪn/ to continue to have something or not to allow to become less – qoruyub
saxlamaq

peer (v) /pɪər / a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as
people in a group – həmyaşıd

secure (adj) /sɪˈkjʊər / not doubting or being worried about yourself and your personal relationship -
əmin, qayğısız, şübhəsiz

seek (v) /siːk/ to try to get something, especially something that is not a physical object - axtarmaq

unconfident (adj) /ˌʌnˈkɒnfɪdə nt/ not being certain of your abilities or having trust in people, plans,
or the future – qeyri-əmin, əmin olmayan

Reading

come across (phr.v) /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ find something by chance – rast gəlmək

community (n) /kəˈmjuːnəti/ a group of people who have common interests, religion, etc. – cəmiyyət
fame (n) /feɪm/ the state of being known or recognized by many people because of your
achievements, skills, etc. – şöhrət

loneliness (n) /ˈləʊnlɪnəs/ the state of being alone- yalnızlıq, tənhalıq

productive (adj) /prəˈdʌktɪv/ doing a lot of work – məhsuldar

pull sb down (phr.v) /pʊl sʌm.bə.di daʊn/ if something pulls you down, it makes you feel unhappy or
physically weak – kimisə məyus etmək

self-doubt (n) /self daʊt/ a feeling of not having confidence in your abilities and decisions – özündən
şübhə etmə, özünə güvənməmə

to be on the brink of sth /tə bi ɒn ðə brɪŋk əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ extremely close to- nəyisə etməyə yaxın
olmaq, olmaq üzrə

Grammar A

arrangement (n) /əˈreɪnʤmənt/ a plan for how something will happen – plan, hazırlıq

beforehand (adv) /bɪˈfɔːhænd/ earlier (than a particular time) - əvvəlcədən

Grammar B

finding (n) /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ (often plural) information or a fact that is discovered by studying something -
tapıntı

frustration (n) /frʌsˈtreɪʃə n/ the feeling of being annoyed or less confident because you cannot
achieve what you want or something that makes you feel like this – xəyal qırıqlığı, hüsran, məyusluq

morning person /ˈmɔːnɪŋ ˈpɜːsə n/ someone who feels awake and full of energy in the mornings –
səhər insanı, səhərlər enerjili olan insan

survey (n) /ˈsɜːveɪ/ examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions –
xülasə, araşdırma, anket

Listening

barista (n) /bɑːrˈiːstə/ a person who serves customers in a coffee shop – barista, qəhvə dükanında
xidmət göstərən şəxs

beyond (adv) /bɪˈjɒnd/ outside – çölündə, xaricində

in need /ɪn niːd/ people who are in need do not have enough money or need some type of help –
ehtiyac içində

intentional (adj) /ɪnˈtenʃə nə l/ planned or intended – planlı, məqəsdli

meaningful (adj) /ˈmiːnɪŋfə l/ useful, serious, or important – mənalı, faydalı, önəmli

pour (v) /pɔːr / to cause to flow quickly and in large amounts – axmaq, tökmək, tökülmək

sincere (adj) /sɪnˈsɪər / (of a person, feelings, or behaviour) not pretending or lying; honest- səmimi

Writing

boredom (n)/ˈbɔːdəm/ the state of being bored - darıxma

charming (adj) /ˈʧɑːmɪŋ/ pleasant and attractive – cazibədar, cəzbedici

cosy (adj) /ˈkəʊzi/ comfortable and pleasant - rahat

moral (adj) /ˈmɒrə l/ relating to right and wrong and the way people should behave - əxlaqi, mənəvi

optimism (n) /ˈɒptɪmɪzə m/ the quality of being full of hope and emphasising the good parts of a
situation, or a belief that something good will happen – optimism, nikbinlik

pessimism (n) /ˈpesɪmɪzə m/ emphasising or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the
good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen – pessimism, bədbinlik

sameness (n) /ˈseɪmnəs/ the quality of being the same as or very similar to something else - eynilik

spirit (n) /ˈspɪrɪt/ a state of mind or attitude – ruh halı

value (v) /ˈvæljuː/ to consider something important – dəyərləndirmək, qiymətləndirmək

Time to watch

affection (n) /əˈfekʃə n/ a feeling of liking someone or something – sevgi, şəfqət

appearance (n) /əˈpɪərə ns/ the way a person or a thing looks to other people - görünüş

contribute (v) /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ to help by providing money or support – yardım etmək

external (adj) /ɪksˈtɜːnə l/ existing outside a person- xarici

genetic (adj) /ʤəˈnetɪk/ relating to the biological process by which the characteristics of living things
are passed from parent to children – genetic, irsi

internal (adj) /ɪnˈtɜːnə l/ inside the body; inside a person’s mind - daxili

motto (n) /ˈmɒtəʊ/ a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief or purpose – məqsəd

nurture (v) /ˈnɜːʧər / to take care of or to develop something – böyütmək, qayğısına qalmaq

to be keen on (phr.v) /tə bi kiːn ɒn/ interested, eager, or wanting to do something very much – həvəsli
olmaq

traditional (adj) /trəˈdɪʃə nə l/ related to or based on very old customs, beliefs, or stories - ənənəvi

workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ a meeting of people to discuss and/or perform practical work in a subject or
activity- iş yeri, emalatxana
 Unit 9

Vocabulary

advertisement (n) /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ a picture, song, short film, etc. that tries to persuade people to buy
a product or service - elan

broadcast (v) /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ to send out a programme on television or radio- yayımlamaq

consequence (n) /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not
convenient – nəticə

cyberbullying (n) /ˈsaɪbəˌbʊliɪŋ/ the activity of using the internet to harm or frighten another person,
especially by sending them unpleasant messages – kiber bulinq, internet üzərindən qısnama, şiddət

get somebody down /get ˈsʌmbədi daʊn/ if somethings gets you down, it makes you feel unhappy or
depressed- məyus etmək, ruhdan salmaq

handle (v) /ˈhændə l/ to take action in order to deal with a difficult situation – öhdəsindən gəlmək

harass (v) /ˈhærəs/ to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time – taciz etmək,
narahat etmək, bezdirmək

media (n) /ˈmiːdiə/ the internet, newspapers, magazines, television, etc., considered as a group –
mətbuat, media

paparazzi (n) /ˌpæpə ˈrætsi/ the photographers who follow famous people everywhere they go in
order to take photographs of them for newspapers and magazines - paparazi

put somebody down (phr.v) /pʊt ˈsʌmbədi daʊn/ to make someone feel silly or not important by
criticising them – kimisə alçaltmaq, kimisə xor görmək

self-esteem (n) /self ɪsˈtiːm/ belief and confidence in your own ability and value; respect for yourself –
özünə güvən

to be exposed to something /tə bi ɪksˈpəʊzd tə ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ to experience something or be affected by

something – təcrübədən keçirtmək, nəyinsə təsirinə məruz qalmaq

upsetting (adj) /ʌpˈsetɪŋ/ making someone feel worried, unhappy, or angry – məyusedici

Reading

aggression (n) /əˈgreʃə n/ actions or behaviour that use threats or force against others – təcavüz

ashamed (adj) /əˈʃeɪmd/ feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have done – utanmış

criticise (v) /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ to express disapproval of someone or something – tənqid etmək

distress (n) /dɪsˈtrest/ feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain – kədər, narahatlıq

embarrass (v) /ɪmˈbærəs/ to cause someone to feel anxious, ashamed, or uncomfortable -

utandırmaq

escape (v) /ɪsˈkeɪp/ to get free from something, or to avoid something

fault (v) /fɔːlt/ a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame – günah, səhv

figure out (phr.v) /ˈfɪgər aʊt/ to understand or solve something – anlamaq, çözmək

ignore (v) /ɪgˈnɔːr / to intentionally not listen or give attention to – saymamaq, diqqət verməmək

loss (n) /lɒs/ the fact that you no longer have something or have less of something - itki

self-expression (n) /self ɪksˈpreʃə n/ expression of your personality, emotions, or ideas – özünü ifadə

wise (adj) /waɪz/ having or showing the ability to make good judgements, based on a deep
understanding and experience of life – ağıllı, müdrik

Grammar A

erase (v) /ɪˈreɪz/ to remove something- pozmaq, silmək

hit (n) /hɪt/ a thing or a person that is very popular or successful – hit, çox sevilən

Grammar B

advertise (v) /ˈædvətaɪz/ to make something known generally or in public, especially in order to sell it
– elan vermək

brochure (n)/ˈbrəʊʃər / a type of small magazine that contains pictures and information on a product
or a company – broşür, məcmuə

literacy (n) /ˈlɪtə rəsi/ knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge – savadlılıq,
məlumatlılıq

literate (adj) /ˈlɪtə rɪt/ having knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge –
savadlı, təhsilli, məlumatlı

save up (phr.v) /seɪv ʌp/ to keep money so that you can buy something with it in the future – pul
yığmaq

Listening

activate (v) /ˈæktɪveɪt/ to cause something to start- başlatmaq, işə salmaq

advance (n) /ədˈvɑːns/ an improvement relating to a particular activity or area of knowledge-

yüksəliş, inkişaf
analyst (n) /ˈænəlɪst/ someone whose job is to study or examine something in an organised way -
analitik

consume (v) /kənˈsjuːm/ to use something – istifadə etmək, tükətmək

eyesight (n) /ˈaɪsaɪt/ the ability to see – görmə qabiliyyəti

fire (v) /ˈfaɪər / to cause a strong emotion in someone - canlandırmaq

guarantee (v) /ˌgærə nˈtiː/ if something guarantees something else, it makes certain that it will
happen- zəmanət vermək

imagery (n) /ˈɪmɪʤə ri/ the use of pictures or words to create images – şəkil, təsvir

inclined to sth (v) /ɪnˈklaɪnd tə sʌmθɪŋ/ to think that a belief or opinion is probably correct – meyilli
olmaq

interactive (adj) /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ an interactive computer program, video etc. reacts to the information
and instructions that you give it – interaktiv, əlaqəli

involved (adj) /ɪnˈvɒlvd/ interested in something you are doing – cəlb olunmuş

multi-usability (n) /ˈmʌltɪ ˌjuːzəˈbɪlɪti/ having different easy features – fərqli xüsusiyyətləri olma, çox
istifadəlik

outsell (v) /aʊtˈsel/ to be sold in greater numbers than another product - daha çox satmaq

permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/ lasting for a long time or for ever - daimi

require (v) /rɪˈkwaɪər / to need something or make something necessary – tələb etmək

shift (v) /ʃɪft/ to change- dəyişmək

signal (v) /ˈsɪgnə l/ to show – göstərmək

skip (v) /skɪp/- üzərindən atlamaq

spacing (n) /ˈspeɪsɪŋ/ - məsafə

Writing

convince (v) /kənˈvɪns/ to persuade someone or make someone certain - inandırmaq

fake (adj) /feɪk/ not real, but made to look or seem real - saxta

spot (v) /spɒt/ to notice someone or something – ayırd etmək, fərqində olmaq

unrelated (adj) /ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd/ having no connection – bağlantısız, əlaqəli olmayan

Time to watch

bother (v) /ˈbɒðər / to make someone feel worried or upset – narahat etmək, məyus etmək
conflict (n) /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles –
münaqişə

disturbing (adj) /dɪsˈtɜːbɪŋ/ making you feel worried or upset- narahatedici

hit close to home /hɪt kləʊs tə həʊm/ if something hits close to home for you, it affects you deeply –
dərindən təsir etmək, birini can evindən vurmaq

host (n) /həʊst/ a person who introduces guests and performers, especially on television or radio – ev
sahibi

indignant (adj) /ɪnˈdɪgnənt/ angry because of unfair situation - əsəbi, qəzəbli

lose track /luːz træk/ not to remember something – izi itirmək, xatırlamamaq

mind your own business /maɪnd jər əʊn ˈbɪznɪs/ to be doing the things you normally do, without
affecting what other people are doing – öz işinlə məşğul olmaq

overhear (v) /ˌəʊvəˈhɪər / to hear what other people are saying without intending to and without
their knowledge – qulaq müsafiri olmaq, təsadüfən eşitmək

scenario (n) /sɪˈnɑːrɪəʊ/ a written plan of the characters and events in a play or film - ssenari

treat (v) /triːt/ to behave someone or deal with someone in a particular way - davranmaq

witness (v) /ˈwɪtnəs/ to see something happen, especially an accident or crime- şahidlik etmək