UNIT 8
1. abate: subside, become less in intensity
2. adroit: skillful; clever
adroitly
3. accost: meet and speak to sb in a way that seems rude
4. aggravate: make worse and more serious
5. arrogance: haughtiness
arrogant: proud in an unpleasant way and behaving as if you are better or more important than
other people
6. haughtiness: unfriendly behaviour that shows you consider yourself better than other people
7. brim: the upper edge, as of a glass
8. chaste: morally pure
9. defect: become an apostate
10. apostate: someone who has given up their religion or left a political part
11. demolish: tear down
demolition
12. commence: begin; start
13. jolt: (cause something or someone to) move suddenly and violently
14. whimsical: unusual and strange in a way that might be funny or annoying
15. on the spur of the moment: on impulse; without planning in advance
16. sprain: cause an injury to a joint by a sudden movement
17. designate: to choose someone officially to do a particular job
18. castigate: to criticize someone or something severely
19. drenching: to make something have a very large amount of a quality
20. dilapidated: old and in poor condition
21. corrupt: dishonestly using your position or power to get an advantage, especially for money
22. detest: dislike extremely
23. bewildered: confused and uncertain
24. arduous: difficult or tiring, needing a lot of effort and energy
25. known-it-all expression: a person who thinks that they know much more than other people
26. abjectly: in an extreme or bad way
27. abet: to help or encourage someone to do something wrong or illegal
28. incite: to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent
29. commend: to formally praise someone or something
30. thrive: prosper
31. strive: try hard
32. sustain: keep up; maintain; support
33. retain: keep or continue to have sth
34. yoke: servitude or slavery
35. servitude: the state of being under the control of someone else and of having no freedom
36. yolk: the yellow part of an egg
37. document: any written or printed matter that provides evidence
38. documentary: cinema or T.V. film showing aspects of human or animal life and social activities
39. constrain: make sb do sth by using force or persuasion (chủ động)
40. restrain: keep under control (bị động)
41. soothe: calm
42. seethe: be agitated; extremely angry
+) agitated: worried or angry
43. subside: sink to a lower level
44. subsidize: help financially
45. procession: a line of people or vehicles that move along slowly, especially as part of a ceremony
46. onslaught: a violent and forceful attack
47. onset: the beginning of something
48. snag: a problem, difficulty
49. snug: feeling warm, comfortable, and protected, or giving feelings of warmth, comfort, and
protection
50. stationary: standing still; not moving
51. stationery: the things needed for writing
52. deter: to prevent or discourage someone from doing something
53. defer: to delay something until a later time
54. successive: happening one after the other without any break
55. succesful: achieving the results wanted or hoped for
56. inventive: very good at thinking of new and original ideas
57. eventful: full of interesting or important events
58. frigid: extremely cold
59. rigid: not permitting any change
rigidity
60. austere: severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance
61. trivial: having little value or importance
62. jovial: enjoyable
63. Malaria: a disease, esp. of the hotter regions of the earth, caused by the bite of an infected
mosquito (bệnh sốt rét)
64. steer: to control the direction of a vehicle
65. stir: to mix a liquid or other substance by moving an object such as a spoon in a circular pattern
66. reserve: to keep something for a particular purpose or time
67. reverse: a defeat or failure
68. choosy: difficult to please because you are very exact about what you like
69. cosy: (building) comfortable and pleasant, especially because of being small and warm
70. ajar: almost shut; slightly open
71. imminent: coming or likely to happen very soon
72. stabilizer: a device that helps an aircraft, ship, or vehicle to balance
73. espionage: the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political
and military information
74. nepotism: the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for
members of your own family
75. prospering: to be or become successful, especially financially
76. scope: the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc.
77. entail: involve
78. precarious: not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse
79. unpredictable: likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able to be
predicted
80. drought: a long period when there is little or no rain
81. elasticity: the ability to change (stretch)
82. resilience: the quality of being able to return quickly to a previous good condition after
problems
83. the Depression
84. take shape: to start to develop a more clear or certain form
85. get on: to manage or deal with a situation
86. breadline: a group of people waiting outside a particular building to be given food
87. pretension: a claim or belief that you can succeed or that you are important or have serious
value
88. preoccupation: an idea or subject that someone thinks about most of the time
89. spare no expense: spend a lot of money in order to make something extremely good
90. impoverished: very poor
91. opulent: expensive and luxurious
92. homogeneously: consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same
type
93. aptly: in a way that is suitable or right for a particular situation
94. frightfully: very
95. bas-relief: a type of art in which shapes are cut from the surrounding stone so that they stand
out slightly against a flat surface, or a work of art done in this way
96. sheaf: a number of pieces of paper or plant stems, that are held or tied together
97. gaudy: unpleasantly bright in colour or decoration
98. dazzling: so bright that you cannot see for a short time after looking at it
99. bland: not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy
100. inner foyer: a large open area just inside the entrance of a public building
101. ravage: the damage caused by disease, time, war
102. studded: made with metal pieces fixed into the surface in a pattern
103. magnify: to make something look larger than it is
104. arched: having a shape or structure with an curve at the top
105. grievance: a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly
106. precaution: an action taken to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous from happening
107. decrepitude: the fact of being in very bad condition because of being old, or not having been
cared for
108. wither: (to cause) to become weak and dry and decay
109. overlook: to fail to notice or consider something or someone
110. scrutinize: examine or inspect closely and thoroughly
111. animate: to cause someone or something to be more active or full of life
112. roam around: to move about or travel, especially without a clear idea of what you are going
to do
113. dumbfound: so shocked and surprised that you cannot speak
114. imperil: put sth/sb in danger
115. disconcert: to make someone feel suddenly uncertain or worried
116. torture: the act of causing great physical or mental pain in order to persuade someone to do
something or to give information, or to be cruel to a person
117. adjourn: to temporarily end a meeting or trial
118. jeopardise one's good name: harm sb's reputation
119. incur: to experience something bad as a result of actions you have taken
120. recur: happen again or happen many times
121. concur: to agree or have the same opinion
122. thumb one nose at sb/sth: to show a lack of respect toward sb/sth
Sentence transformation:
1. Most of my friends have a preference for baseball.
2. It's high time we took positive action.
3. Huge crowds turned out for the procession.
4. He didn't put in an appearance until much later.
5. The ware came to an end in 1945.
6. They took his previous sales experience into consideration before taking him on the staff.
7. An architect made a survey of the house before it was bought.
8. The firm has equipped all its vehicles with safety belts.
9. How can he get by one his poor salary?
10. He decided to drop out of collecge and get a job.
