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Present Participle

The document discusses present participles, past participles, and perfect participles. It explains that present participles end in "-ing" and are used to express active actions, such as in progressive tenses or with gerunds. Past participles end in "-ed" or irregular forms and are used to express passive actions, such as in perfect tenses or passive voice. Perfect participles combine the past participle with "having" to indicate one action occurred after another.

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292 views5 pages

Present Participle

The document discusses present participles, past participles, and perfect participles. It explains that present participles end in "-ing" and are used to express active actions, such as in progressive tenses or with gerunds. Past participles end in "-ed" or irregular forms and are used to express passive actions, such as in perfect tenses or passive voice. Perfect participles combine the past participle with "having" to indicate one action occurred after another.

Uploaded by

Andreas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Present Participle, Past Participle,

Perfect Participle

1. Present participle
The present participle is often used when we want to express an active
action. In English we add -ing to the infinitive of the verb.

1.1. Use of the present participle

 Progressive Tenses

He is reading a book.

He was reading a book.

 Gerund

Reading books is fun.

He likes reading books.

 Adjective

Look at the reading boy.

 Together with other words

He came reading around the corner.

He sat reading in the corner.

I saw him reading.


2. Past participle
The past participle is often used when we want to express a passive
action. In English we add -ed to the infinitive of regular verbs. We use
the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs.

2.1. Use of the past participle

 Perfect Tenses

He has forgotten the pencil.

He had forgotten the pencil.

 Passiv voice

A house is built.

A house was built.

 Adjective

Look at the washed car.

 Together with other words

The car washed yesterday is blue.

He had his car washed.

3. Compounds with the past participle


This combination is also known as perfect participle. It is used to form an
active sentence with the past participle. There is a time gap between the
actions.

3.1. Past participle and having


 Having read the book the boy came out of the room.

One action happened after the other.

3.2. Present participle

 The boy came reading out of the room.

Both actions happened at the same time.


Combine two sentences using a
participle
JANUARY 24, 2017 -

Study the following sentences.

 He stood by the table. He was examining some papers.

We can combine these two sentences into one.

 He stood by the table examining some papers.

Exercise

Make a sentence of each pair below.

1. She walked out. She was smiling.

2. He lived alone. He had been forgotten by everybody.

3. The old man sat outside. He was smoking his pipe.

4. The girl entered the room. She was singing a song.

5. The boy stood up. He was showing himself to them.

6. There is a woman over there. She is crying her eyes out.

7. I didn’t know what to do. I phoned the police.

Answers

1. She walked out smiling.

2. He lived alone forgotten by everybody.


3. The old man sat outside smoking his pipe.

4. The girl entered the room singing a song.

5. The boy stood up showing himself to them.

6. There is a woman crying her eyes out over there.

7. Not knowing what to do, I phoned the police.

Notes

There are two types of participles – present participles and past


participles. Present participles always end in –ing.

Past participles may end in –d, -ed, -en, or –t.

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