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Module 4 - Linux OS

Chapter 4.5 - Linux Commands 1

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● Nslookup
● Services
● Netstat

03 July 2023
[Link]
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Nslookup
Nslookup (stands for “Name Server Lookup”) is a useful command for getting information from the
DNS server. It is a network administration tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to
obtain domain name or IP address mapping or any other specific DNS record. It is also used to
troubleshoot DNS-related problems.
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Nslookup
● Performing a reverse DNS lookup
nslookup [IP Address]

● Lookup for any record

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We can also view all the available DNS records using
the -type=any option.

Using `-type=any` option

● Lookup for a soa record

SOA record (start of authority), provides the
authoritative information about the domain, the
e-mail address of the domain admin, the domain
serial number, etc…
nslookup -type=soa google..com

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Nslookup
● Lookup for an ns record.
NS (Name Server) record maps a domain name to
a list of DNS servers authoritative for that
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domain. It will output the name serves which are
associated with the given domain.
Using `-type=ns` option
nslookup -type=ns [Link]

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Nslookup
● Lookup for a record.

We can also view all the available DNS records for a particular record
using the -type=a option
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nslookup -type=a [Link]

● Lookup for an mx record.

MX (Mail Exchange) maps a domain name to a list of mail exchange
servers for that domain. The MX record says that all the mails sent
to “[Link]” should be routed to the Mail server in that domain.

nslookup -type=mx [Link]

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Nslookup
● Lookup for a txt record.
TXT records are a type of Domain Name System
(DNS) record in text format, which contain
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information about your domain. TXT records also
have information that helps external network
servers and services handle outgoing email from
your domain.
You can find all TXT records configured for any
domain using the command below.

nslookup -type=txt [Link]

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Conclusion
● The `nslookup` command which is a variable tool
for querying the DNS server and obtaining
information about domain name or IP address
mapping.
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● It is very useful for troubleshooting DNS-related
issues. We have also discussed options like
-type=a, -type=any, -type=mx, -type=ns, -type=ptr,
and -type=soa.
● By using nslookup information, administrators can
gain insights into the DNS infrastructure and
resolve DNS-related problems efficiently.

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Listing Linux Running Services

● To display the status of all available services at once
in the System V (SysV) init system, run the service
command with the --status-all option:
#service --status-all
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● Run the following command to see only running
services in the system.
#service --status-all | grep running
● Run the following command to see the specified
service status.
#service --status-all | grep httpd

● Determine the current status of a particular

service, execute the following command.

# service httpd status

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Netstat
Linux netstat command stands for Network statistics. It displays information about different interface
statistics, including open sockets, routing tables, and connection information. Further, it can be used
to displays all the socket connections (including TCP, UDP).
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