COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 2 b.

Johnson
dB/NOISE c. Flicker
d. Mixer
1. A current change that is equal to twice its original value will
correspond to a change of 10. The noise figure of a totally noiseless device is

a. 3 dB a. unity
b. 9 dB b. infinity
c. 10 dB c. zero
d. 6 dB d. 100

2. What does a power difference of -3 dB mean?

11. Indicate the noise whose source is in a category different from
a. a loss of one third of the power that of the other three.
b. a loss of one-half of the power
c. a loss of 3 watts of power a. solar
d. no significant change b. cosmic
c. atmospheric
3. A gain of 60 dB is the same as a gain of d. galactic

a. 10 volts/volt 12. The ratio (in dB) of the power of a signal at point to the power of
b. 100 volts/volt the same signal at the reference point.
c. 1000 volts/volt
d. 10,000 volts/volt a. Transmission Level Point
b. Noise Figure
4. _____ is mathematically equal to the logarithm to the base ten of c. S/N Ratio
the power ratio P1 over P2. d. Neper

a. Bel 13. A network has a power gain of –3dB. If the input power is 100
b. dB watts, the output power is
c. bel/10
d. dB/2 a. 50 watts
b. 55 watts
5. Noise that is produced by the active components within the c. 60 watts
receiver. d. 62 watts
14. Which of the following types of noise becomes of great
a. thermal importance at high frequencies?
b. external
c. internal a. shot
d. white b. random
c. impulse
6. Noise due to the random variation in the arrival of charge carriers d. transit time
at the output electrode of an active device.
15. The input current of a network is 190 A and the output is 1.3 A.
a. shot The loss in decibels is
b. impulse
c. thermal a. 20.2
d. dynamic b. 21.6
c. 28.6
7. A network has a loss of 20 dB. What power ratio corresponds to d. 43.3
this loss?
16. If 4 networks connected in series have gains of –0.5 dB, -0.3 dB, -2
a. 0.01 dB and 6.8 dB, the overall gain is
b. 0.1
c. 10 a. 2 dB
d. 100 b. –2 dB

8. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 60 ohms c. 4 dB

has an equivalent noise resistance of 40 ohms. Calculate the d. –4dB
receiver’s noise figure in decibels and its equivalent noise
temperature. 17. What is the gain, in dB, if the output to input ratio is 1000.

a. 1.67 & 194K a. 20

b. 2.23 & 194 K b. 30
c. 1.67 & 174K c. 40
d. 2.23 & 194K d. 10

9. _____ Noise is the most prevalent noise found in urban areas and 18. The following are characteristics of noise except
is normally caused by the arc discharge from automobile or
aircraft ignition systems, induction motors, switching gears, high a. unwanted energy
voltage lines and the like. b. predictable in character
c. present in the channel
a. Industrial d. due to any cause
19. The equivalent noise temperature of the amplifier is 25K, what is a. Internal
the noise figure? b. External
c. Shot
a. 10.86 d. Industrial
b. 1.086
c. 0.1086 29. _____ is the noise created by man.
d. 1.86
a. Solar
20. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50 ohms b. Industrial
has an equivalent noise resistance of 30 ohms. What is the c. Extraterrestial
receiver’s noise temperature? d. Galactic

a. 464K 30. A voltage change that is equal to twice its original value
b. 754 K correspond to a change of
c. 400 K
d. 174 K a. 3 dB
b. 6 dB
21. A theoretical antenna has a gain of 1 dB. Its gain in nepers is c. 9 dB
d. 10 dB
a. 8.686
b. 0.1151 31. Indicate the voltage level in dB with reference to one volt. This
c. 6.868 unit is used in video or TV measurement.
d. 0.5111
a. dBW
22. What is the equivalent output of a circuit in dBm, if it has an b. dBk
output of 10 watts? c. dBm
d. dBV
a. 10 dBm
b. 30 dBm 32. Which of the following is not an actual amount of power?
c. 20 dBm
d. 40 dBm a. dB
b. dBm
23. An amplifier with an input resistance of 1000 ohms is operating c. dBw
over a 4 MHz bandwidth. Calculate the rms noise voltage if the d. dBk
amplifier is operating at 27 C.

a. 8.14 nV 33. In noise analysis, the reference temperature is

b. 8.14 V
c. 6.6 nV a. 75 K
d. 6.6 V b. 250 K
c. 290 K
24. The value of a resistor creating thermal noise is doubled. The d. 300 K
noise power generated is therefore
34. Noise from distant planets, stars, galaxies and other celestial
a. halved objects are called
b. quadrupled
c. doubled a. cosmic
d. unchanged b. extraterrestrial
c. galactic
25. One of the following is not a useful quantity for comparing the d. black body
noise performance of receivers.
a. input noise voltage 35. Indicate which one of the following types of noise does not occur
b. equivalent noise resistance in transistors:
c. noise temperature
d. noise figure a. shot noise
b. flicker noise
26. Any unwanted form of energy that tends to interfere with the c. partition noise
wanted signals is called d. resistance noise

a. noise 36. Which of the following is not a source of space noise?

b. spectrum
c. radiation a. sun
d. absorption b. star
c. lightning
27. The correct symbol for decibel is d. black body

a. DB 37. Noise that is due to the random and rapid motion of the charge
b. dB carriers inside a resistive component.
c. Db
d. db a. Johnson
b. Thermal Agitation
28. _____ is the noise created outside the receiver. c. White
 d. all of the above a. 13 dBm
b. –7 dBm
38. Indicate the false statement. The square of the thermal noise c. 1 dBm
voltage generated by a resistor is proportional to d. 7 dBm

a. its resistance 48. The sum of three signals of 45dBm each is _____dBm.
b. its temperature
c. Boltzmann’s constant a. 45
d. The bandwodth over which it is measured b. 135
c. 20
39. In a communications system, noise is likely to affect the signal d. 50

a. at the transmitter 49. It is characterized by high amplitude peaks of short duration in the
b. in the channel total noise spectrum.
c. in the information source
d. at the destination a. intermodulation voice
b. impulse noise
40. The noise power generated by a resistor is proportional to c. dropout
d. phase hits
a. temperature
b. bandwidth 50. Originally was determined by measuring the interfering effect of
c. a and b noise in a Type 144 handset. A tone of 1 kHz, having a power
d. NOTA level of 90 dBm was selected as the reference level.

41. Thermal noise is also known as: a. noise figure

b. S/N ratio
a. Gaussian Noise c. Signal figure
b. White noise d. Figure of merit
c. Johnson noise
d. All of the above 51. A power level of 50 W could be expressed as:

42. This type of noise has a power spectrum which decreases with a. 1.69 dBm
increasing frequency. It is most important at low frequencies b. –4.3 dBm
(from 0 to about 100 Hz). c. 1 dBm
d. –13 dBm
a. shot noise
b. flicker noise 52. If a power of 0.25 mW is launced into a fiber system with an
c. diode noise overall loss of 15 dB the output power would be:
d. BJT noise a. 250 /W
b. 31.6 W
43. Industrial noise extends up to what frequency? c. 7.9 W
d. 15 dBm
a. 500 MHz 53. A system having an input power of 2 mW an output power of 0.8
b. 500 GHz mW has a loss of:
c. 500 THz
d. 500 kHz a. 2.98 dBm
b. 3.98 dB
44. Impulse Noise is c. 3.98 W
d. 1.98 mW
a. a function of current
b. a short duration pulse 54. An output of –10 dB means that the power has been
c. dependent of frequency
d. dependent of temperature a. halved in value
b. increased by a factor of 10
45. When the power ratio of the output to input of a circuit is 200. c. reduced by a factor of 10
What is the gain in dB? d. doubled

a. 23 55. Any unwanted form of energy interfering the reception of wanted

b. 46 signal is called
c. –23
d. –46 a. noise
b. sideband
46. What is the reference level for random noise measurement, FIA c. harmonics
weighted? d. modulation

a. –82 dBm 56. Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it passed over the
b. -90 dBm transmission medium.
c. –85dBm
d. –77dBm a. noise
b. distortion
47. A 10 db pad has an output level of –3 dBm. The level at the input c. attenuation
is: d. interference
57. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation caused by imperfect d. Static noise is due to lightning discharges and other natural
response of the system to the desired signal electric disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.

a. noise 67. Noise performance of microwave system is usually expressed in

b. aliasing terms of
c. distortion
d. interference a. noise voltage, Vn =  4kTBR
b. noise power, Pn = KTB
58. Signal attenuation can be corrected by c. noise temperature, Te = (F – 1) 290
d. noise figure, F = (S/N)I / (S/N)o
a. filtering
b. modulation 68. Which circuit contributes most to the noise at the receiver?
c. equalization
d. amplification a. RF amplifier
b. Mixer
59. Distortion in a waveform can be corrected by c. Detector
d. Local oscillator
a. filtering
b. modulation 69. Which noise figure represents the lowest noise?
c. equalization
d. amplification a. 1.5 dB
b. 2.0 dB
60. Signal contamination by extraneous or external sources, such as, c. 3.7 dB
other transmitters, power lines, and machinery. d. 4.1 dB

a. noise 70. Denote the interference of noise in dB above an adjusted

b. distortion reference noise. The adjusted reference noise level was a 1 kHz
c. harmonics tone, set at -85 dBm
d. interference
a. dBa
61. Man-made or industrial noise is also known as b. dBm
c. dBa0
a. noise d. pWp
b. distortion
c. interference 71. The extent of noise referred to a test tone level of zero dBm.
d. thermal noise
a. dBa
62. The noise performance of a receiver or circuit. It is expressed as b. dBm
ratio of the S/N power at the input to the S/N power at the c. dBa0
output. d. pWp

a. Noise figure 72. An amplifier operating over a 4-MHz bandwidth has a 100 input
b. S/N ratio resistance and is operating at 300K. Determine the noise power
c. Signal figure generated.
d. Figure of merit
-14
a. 1.656 x 10 Watts
63. Noise that is caused by natural disturbances such as lightning b. 1656 nW
discharge. c. 1.656 pW
d. 1.656 W
a. static noise 73. Generally used when noise readings are measured using the C-
b. space noise message weighting network. The reference level was 1 kHz tone,
c. atmospheric noise set at – 90 dBm.
d. A or C
a. dBa
64. Atmospheric or static noise becomes less severe at frequencies b. dBm
c. dBaO
a. below 30 KHz d. dBmC
b. between 30 KHz and 300 KHz
c. between 300 KHz and 30 MHz 74. The measurement of noise was made with a C-message filter, and
d. above 30 MHz the reading is taken at a test point where the level is zero dBm.

65. Considered as space noise or extraterrestrial noise. a. dBaO

b. dBmCo
a. solar noise
b. cosmic noise c. dBa
c. black-body noise d. dBmC
d. all of the above
[Link] of the following is not an important cause of distortion in DC
66. Which statement is not true? signaling?

a. Industrial noise is usually of impulse type. a. line resistance

b. Distant stars produce atmospheric noise. b. line inductance
c. Active switches are sources of man-made noise. c. line capacitance
 d. all of the above
[Link] that becomes significant at VHF range and above
[Link] are a number of different sources of radio noise, the most
important being a. atmospheric
b. transit-time
a. galactic noise c. galactic
b. man-made noise d. white
c. atmospheric noise
d. all of the above [Link] figure for an amplifier with noise is always

[Link] amount of noise power is measured using a psophometric a. 0 dB

weighting network. This unit of measurement is generally used in b. infinite
Europe where the standard reference tone is 800 hertz, 1 picowatt. c. less than 1
d. greater than 1
a. dBa
b. dBm [Link] noise generated by the tube, transistor, or integrated circuit in
c. dBaO an amplifier.
d. pWp
a. white noise
[Link] produced mostly by lightning discharges in thunderstorms. b. amplification noise
a. white noise c. active noise
b. industrial noise d. dynamic noise
c. atmospheric noise
d. extraterrestrial noise [Link] noise inherent to a particular device, circuit, or system that
remains when no other signal is present.
[Link] of man-made noise is chiefly by
a. transmission over power lines and by ground wave a. shot noise
b. space-wave b. thermal noise
c. sky-wave c. background noise
d. none of these d. static noise

80.A more precise evaluation of the quality of a receiver as far as noise 90.A wideband form of impulse noise generated by the electric arc in
is concerned. the spark plugs of an internal combustion engine. This noise is a
common problem in mobile radio system.
a. S/N
b. VSWR a. thermal noise
c. Noise factor b. shot noise
d. Noise margin c. amplification noise
d. ignition noise
[Link] stands for
91. The amount of power in dB referred to one kilowatt.
a. non-intrinsic figure
b. noise interference figure a. dBW
c. noise improvement factor b. dBk
d. narrow intermediate frequency c. dBm
d. dBV
[Link] noise fields are measured in terms of
[Link] in any form of electromagnetic interference that can be traced
a. dc values to non-natural causes.
b. rms values
c. peak values a. man-made noise
d. average values b. distortion
c. external noise
[Link] of interference caused by rain, hail, snow or dust storms d. internal noise

a. shot noise [Link] frequency range wherein noise is said to be intense.

b. galactic noise
c. impulse noise a. noise equivalent bandwidth
d. precipitation static b. spectral response
c. cut-off frequency
[Link]-terrestrial noise is observable at frequencies from d. noise cut-off frequency

a. 0 to 20 KHz [Link] to the temperature that corresponds to the spectral energy

b. 8 MHz to 1.43 GHz distribution of a noise.
c. 5 to 8 GHz
d. 15 to 160 MHz a. absolute temperature
b. temperature band
[Link] noise is observable from c. noise-equivalent temperature
d. critical temperature
a. 15 to 160 MHz
b. 200 to 3,000 MHz 95.A passive circuit, usually consisting of capacitance and/or
c. 0 to 10 KHz inductance, that is inserted in series with the a-c power cord of an
d. 8 MHz to 1.43 GHz
 electronic device which will allow the 60-Hz current to pass and
suppressed high frequency noise components. 4. The circuit used to produce modulation is called a

a. noise filter a. Modulator

b. noise limiter b. Demodulator
c. noise floor c. Variable gain amplifier
d. noise quieting d. Multiplexer

[Link] do you call the level of background noise, relative to some 5. A modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its
reference signal. two inputs?

a. noise figure a. Addition

b. minimum noise b. Multiplication
c. reference noise c. Division
d. noise floor d. Square root

97.A circuit often used in radio receivers that prevents externally 6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal voltage to the peak carrier
generated noise from exceeding a certain amplitude. They are voltage is referred to as
also called noise clippers.
a. The voltage ratio
a. noise floor b. Decibels
b. noise filter c. The modulation index
c. noise limiter d. The mix factor
d. noise clamper
7. If m is greater than 1, what happens?
98. It is referred to as a short burst of electromagnetic energy.
a. Normal operation
a. pulse b. Carrier drops to zero
b. noise pulse c. Carrier frequency shifts
c. spike d. Information signal is distorted
d. noise floor
8. For ideal AM, which of the following is true?
99. The reduction of internal noise level in a frequency-modulated (FM)
receiver as a result of an incoming signal. a. m=0
b. m=1
a. noise quieting c. m<1
b. noise limiting d. m>1
c. noise suppression
d. noise degradation 9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the shape of the
modulating signal and is called the
100. Noise generated within electronic equipment by either passive or
active components. a. Trace
b. Waveshape
a. shot noise c. Envelope
b. thermal noise d. Carrier variation
c. circuit noise
d. external noise 10. Overmodulation occurs when

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 3 a. Vm > Vc

MODULATION b. Vm < Vc
c. Vm = Vc
1. Having an information signal change some characteristic of a d. Vm = Vc = 0
carrier signal is called
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM wave on an
a. Multiplexing oscilloscope are 2.8 and 0.3. The percentage of modulation is
b. Modulation
c. Duplexing a. 10.7 percent
d. Linear mixing b. 41.4 percent
c. 80.6 percent
2. Which of the following is not true about AM? d. 93.3 percent
12. The new signals produced by modulation are called
a. The carrier amplitude varies.
b. The carrier frequency remains constant. a. Spurious emissions
c. The carrier frequency changes. b. Harmonics
d. The information signal amplitude changes the carrier c. Intermodulation products
amplitude. d. Sidebands

3. The opposite of modulation is 13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5-kHz sine wave. The LSB
and USB are, respectively,
a. Reverse modulation
b. Downward modulation a. 873 and 887 kHz
c. Unmodulation b. 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
d. Demodulation c. 883.5 and 876.5 kHz
 d. 887 and 873 kHz
a. Carrier plus sidebands
14. A display of signal amplitude versus frequency is called the b. Carrier only
c. One sideband
a. Time domain d. Both sidebands
b. Frequency spectrum
c. Amplitude spectrum 24. The main advantage of SSB over standard AM or DSB is
d. Frequency domain
a. Less spectrum space is used
15. Most of the power in an AM signal is in the b. Simpler equipment is used
c. Less power is consumed
a. Carrier d. A higher modulation percentage
b. Upper sideband
c. Lower sideband 25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to use?
d. Modulating signal
a. Upper
16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5 W. The percentage of b. Lower
modulation is 80 percent. The total sideband power is c. Neither
d. Depends upon the use
a. 0.8 W
b. 1.6 W 26. The typical audio modulating frequency range used in radio and
c. 2.5 W telephone communications is
d. 4.0 W
a. 50 Hz to 5 kHz
17. For 100 percent modulation, what percentage of power is in each b. 50 Hz to 15 kHz
sideband? c. 100 Hz to 10 kHz
d. 300 Hz to 3 kHz
a. 25 percent
b. 33.3 percent 27. An AM signal with a maximum modulating signal frequency of 4.5
c. 50 percent kHz has a total bandwidth of
d. 100 percent
a. 4.5 kHz
18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of modulation of 88. The b. 6.75 kHz
carrier power is 440 W. The power in one sideband is c. 9 kHz
d. 18 kHz
a. 85 W
b. 110 W 28. The modulation system used for telegraphy is
c. 170 W
d. 610 W a. Frequency-shift keying
b. Two-tone modulation
19. An AM transmitter antenna current is measured with no c. Pulse-code modulation
modulation and found to be 2.6 amperes. With modulation, the d. Single-tone modulation
current rises to 2.9 amperes. The percentage of modulation is
29. The process of translating a signal, with or without modulation, to
a. 35 percent a higher or lower frequency for processing is called
b. 70 percent
c. 42 percent a. Frequency multiplication
d. 89 percent b. Frequency division
c. Frequency shift
20. What is the carrier power in the problem above if the antenna d. Frequency conversion
resistance is 75 ohms?
30. Frequency translation is carried out by a circuit called a
a. 195 W
b. 631 W a. Translator
c. 507 W b. Converter
d. 792 W c. Balanced modulator
d. Local oscillator
21. In an AM signal, the transmitted information is contained within
the 31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with a local oscillator of 5
MHz. A filter selects the difference signal. The output is
a. Carrier
b. Modulating signal a. 1.8 MHz
c. Sidebands b. 3.2 MHz
d. Envelope c. 5 MHz
d. 6.8 MHz
22. An AM signal without the carrier is called a(n)
32. One type of pulse communications system uses pulse that appear
a. SSB as a group, and which vary in number according to the loudness of
b. Vestigial sideband the voice. This type of pulse modulation is called
c. FM signal
d. DSB a. Pulse duration modulation
b. Pulse amplitude modulation
23. What is the minimum AM signal needed to transmit information? c. Pulse code modulation
 d. Pulse position modulation 42. A collector modulator has a supply voltage of 48 V. The peak-to-
peak amplitude of the modulating signal for 100 percent
33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400-V peak-to-peak signal across a modulation is
52- antenna load. The PEP output is
a. 24 V
a. 192.2 W b. 48 V
b. 384.5 W c. 96 V
c. 769.2 W d. 120 V
d. 3077 W
43. A collector-modulated transmitter has a supply voltage of 24 V
34. The output power of an SSB transmitter is usually expressed in and collector current of 0.5 A. The modulator power for 100
terms of percent modulation is

a. Average power a. 6W
b. RMS power b. 12 W
c. Peak-to-peak power c. 18 W
d. Peak envelope power d. 24 W

35. The letter-number designation B8E is a form of modulation also 44. The circuit that recovers the original modulating information from
known as an AM signal is known as a

a. Pilot-carrier system a. Modulator

b. Independent sideband emission b. Demodulator
c. Lincomlex c. Mixer
d. Vestigial sideband transmission d. Crystal set
45. The most commonly used amplitude demodulator is the
36. Amplitude modulation is the same as
a. Diode mixer
a. Linear mixing b. Balanced modulator
b. Analog multiplication c. Envelope detector
c. Signal summation d. Crystal filter
d. Multiplexing
46. A circuit that generates the upper and lower sidebands but no
37. In a diode modulator, the negative half of the AM wave is carrier is called a(n)
supplied by a(n)
a. Amplitude modulator
a. Tuned circuit b. Diode detector
b. Transformer c. Class C amplifier
c. Capacitor d. Balanced modulator
d. Inductor
47. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5
38. Amplitude modulation can be produced by MHz. The outputs are

a. Having the carrier vary a resistance a. 500 kHz

b. Having the modulating signal vary a capacitance b. 2.5 MHz
c. Varying the carrier frequency c. 1.5 MHz
d. Varying the gain of an amplifier d. Both a and b
39. Amplitude modulators that vary the carrier amplitude with the
modulating signal by passing it through an attenuator work on the 48. A widely used balanced modulator is called the
principle of
a. Diode bridge circuit
a. Rectification b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
b. Resonance c. Lattice modulator
c. Variable resistance d. Balanced bridge modulator
d. Absorption
49. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act like
40. The component used to produce AM at very high frequencies is a
a. Variable resistors
a. Varactor b. Switches
b. Thermistor c. Rectifiers
c. Cavity resonator d. Variable capacitors
d. PIN diode
50. The output of a balanced modulator is
41. Amplitude modulation generated at a very low voltage or power
amplitude is known as a. AM
b. FM
a. High-level modulation c. SSB
b. Low-level modulation d. DSB
c. Collector modulation
d. Minimum modulation 51. The principal circuit in the popular 1496/1596 IC balanced
modulator is a

a. Differential amplifier
 b. Rectifier 61. Which of the following can be used as a mixer?
c. Bridge
d. Constant current source a. Balanced modulator
b. FET
52. The most commonly used filter in SSB generators uses c. Diode modulator
d. All the above
a. LC networks
b. Mechanical resonators 62. The desired output from a mixer is usually selected with a
c. Crystals
d. RC networks and op amps a. Phase-shift circuit
b. Crystal filter
53. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal is a c. Resonant circuit
d. Transformer
a. Series resonant circuit
b. Parallel resonant circuit 63. The amount of frequency deviation from the carrier center
c. Neither a nor b frequency in an FM transmitter is proportional to what
d. Both a and b characteristic of the modulating signal?

54. A crystal lattice filter has crystal frequencies of 27.5 and 27.502 a. Amplitude
MHz. The bandwidth is approximately b. Frequency
c. Phase
a. 2 kHz d. Shape
b. 3kHz
c. 27.501 MHz 64. Both FM and PM are types of what kind of modulation?
d. 55.502 MHz
a. Amplitude
55. An SSB generator has a sideband filter centered at 3.0 MHz. The b. Phase
modulating signal is 3 kHz. To produce both upper and lower c. Angle
sidebands, the following carrier frequencies must be produced: d. Duty cycle

a. 2.7 and 3.3 MHz 65. If the amplitude of the modulating signal decreases, the carrier
b. 3.3 and 3.6 MHz deviation
c. 2997 and 3003 kHz
d. 3000 and 3003 kHz a. Increases
b. Decreases
56. In the phasing method of SSB generation, one sideband is c. Remains constant
canceled out due to d. Both b and c

a. Phase shift 66. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while what characteristic of the
b. Sharp selectivity modulating signal is changing?
c. Carrier suppression
d. Phase inversion a. Shape
b. Phase
57. A balanced modulator used to demodulate a SSB signal is called c. Frequency
a(n) d. Amplitude

a. Transponder 67. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM signal occurs at

b. Product detector
c. Converter a. Zero crossing points
d. Modulator b. Peak positive amplitude
c. Peak negative amplitude
58. Frequency translation is done with a circuit called a d. Peak positive or negative amplitudes
68. A 100-MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4-kHz signal. The
a. Summer modulation index is
b. Multiplier
c. Filter a. 5
d. Mixer b. 8
c. 12.5
59. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In down conversion, which of d. 20
the following mixer output signals is selected?
69. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2 kHz by a maximum
a. fo modulating signal of 400 Hz. The deviation ratio is
b. fm
c. fo – fm a. 0.2
d. fo + fm b. 5
c. 8
60. Mixing for frequency conversion is the same as d. 40

a. Rectification 70. According the Nyquist theorem, the sampling rate that can be
b. AM used in a PCM system is __________ the highest audio frequency.
c. Linear summing
d. Filtering a. Once
b. Eight times
 c. Twice
d. Thrice a. Plate-modulated class C amplifier
b. Grid-modulated class C amplifier
71. SSB transmission requires only __________ of the bandwidth for a c. Screen-modulated class C amplifier
DSBFC d. Grid-modulated class A amplifier

a. ¼ 81. The modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to 1. The

b. 2/3 transmitted power is
c. ½
d. ¾ a. Unchanged
b. Halved
72. Which of the following pulse modulation systems is analog? c. Doubled
d. Increased by 50 percent
a. Delta
b. Differential PCM 82. One of the advantages of base modulation over collector
c. PWM modulation of a transistor class C amplifier is
d. PCM
a. The lower modulating power required
73. Which of the following is not a major benefit of FM over AM? b. Higher power output per transistor
c. Better efficiency
a. Greater efficiency d. Better linearity
b. Noise immunity
c. Capture effect 83. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves with
d. Lower complexity and cost modulation indices of 0.3 and 0.4; the total modulation index

74. The primary disadvantage of FM is its a. 1

b. cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are known
a. Higher cost and complexity c. 0.5
b. Excessive use of spectrum space d. 0.7
c. Noise susceptibility
d. Lower efficiency

75. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal dominating a weaker 84. In the stabilized reactance modulator AFC system,
signal on a common frequency is referred to as the
a. The discriminator must have a fast time constant to prevent
a. Capture effect demodulation
b. Blot out b. The higher the discriminator frequency, the better the
c. Quieting factor oscillator frequency stability
d. Domination syndrome c. The discriminator frequency must not be too low, or the
system will fail
76. If the plate supply voltage for a plate-modulated class C amplifier d. Phase modulation is converted into FM by the equalizer
is E, the maximum plate-cathode voltage could be almost as high circuit
as
85. In the spectrum of a frequency-modulated wave
a. 4E
b. 3E a. The carrier frequency disappears when the modulation
c. 2E index is large
d. E b. The amplitude of any sideband depends on the modulation
index
77. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the modulated c. The total number of sidebands depends on the modulation
stage must be index
d. The carrier frequency cannot disappear
a. Linear devices
b. Harmonic devices 86. The difference between phase and frequency modulation
c. Class C amplifiers
d. Nonlinear devices a. Is purely theoretical because they are the same in practice
b. Is too great to make the two systems compatible
78. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM wave is suppressed, c. Lies in the poorer audio response of phase modulation
the percentage power saving will be d. Lies in the different definitions of the modulation index

a. 50 87. Indicate the false statement regarding the Armstrong modulation

b. 150 system.
c. 100
d. 66.66 a. The system is basically phase, not frequency, modulation
b. AFC is not needed, as a crystal oscillator is used
79. Leak-type bias is used in a plate-modulated class C amplifier to c. Frequency multiplication must be used
d. Equalization is unnecessary
a. Prevent tuned circuit damping
b. Prevent excessive grid current 88. An FM signal with a modulation index mf is passed through a
c. Prevent overmodulation frequency tripler. The wave in the output of the tripler will have a
d. Increase the bandwidth modulation index of

80. The output stage of a television transmitter is most likely to be a a. mf/3

 b. mf d. A3
c. 3mf
d. 9mf 97. Indicate which one of the following advantages of the phase
cancellation method of obtaining SSB over the filter method is
89. An FM signal with a deviation  is passed through a mixer, and has false
its frequency reduced fivefold. The deviation in the output of the
mixer is a. Switching from one sideband to the other is simpler
b. It is possible to generate SSB at any frequency
a. 5 c. SSB with lower audio frequencies present can be generated
b. indeterminate d. There are more balanced modulators; therefore the carrier
c. /5 is suppressed better
d. 
98. The most commonly used filters in SSB generation are
90. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise immunity by
a. Mechanical
a. Boosting the bass frequencies b. RC
b. Amplifying the higher audio frequencies c. LC
c. Pre-amplifying the whole audio band d. Low-pass
d. Converting the phase modulation to FM
99. Indicate in which one of the following only one sideband is
91. Since noise phase-modulates the FM wave, as the noise sideband transmitter
frequency approaches the carrier frequency, the noise amplitude
a. A3H
a. Remains constant b. A3
b. Decreased c. A3B
c. Increased d. A5C
d. Equalized
100. A 3A modulation is sometimes used to
92. When the modulating frequency is doubled, the modulation index
is halved, and the modulating voltage remains constant. The a. Allow the receiver to have a frequency synthesizer
modulation system is b. Simplify the frequency stability problem in reception
c. Reduce the power that must be transmitted
a. Amplitude modulation d. Reduce the bandwidth required for transmission
b. Phase modulation
c. Frequency modulation
d. Any one of the three

93. Indicate which one of the following is not an advantage of FM

over AM

a. Better noise immunity is provided

b. Lower bandwidth is required
c. The transmitted power is more useful
d. Less modulating power is required

94. One of the following is an indirect way of generating FM. This is

the

a. Reactance FET modulator

b. Varactor diode modulator
c. Armstrong modulator
d. Reactance bipolar transistor modulator

95. Indicate the false statement regarding the advantages of SSB over
double-sideband, full-carrier AM.

a. More channel space is available

b. Transmitter circuits must be more stable, giving better
reception
c. The signal is more noise-resistant
d. Much less power is required for the same signal strength

96. When the modulation index of an AM wave is doubled, the

antenna current is also doubled. The AM system being used is

a. A3H
b. A5C
c. A3J