60 Essential Analytical Questions for Business
60 Essential Analytical Questions for Business
analytical
questions
Deep dive Business Review
• Marketplace: Start by looking at the overall category performance to gain a macro view of all
significant issues. Dig in on the factors impacting category growth, including economic indicators,
consumer behavior, technology changes, shopper trends, and political regulations. Also look at
what is happening in related categories, which could impact your category or replicate what you
may see next.
• Consumers: Analyze your consumer target to better understand the consumer’s underlying beliefs,
buying habits, growth trends, and critical insights. Use the brand funnel analysis and leaky bucket
analysis to uncover how they shop and how they make purchase decisions. You should understand
what they think when they buy or reject your brand at every stage of the consumer’s purchase
journey. Uncover consumer perceptions through tracking data, the voice of the consumer, and
market research.
• Channels: Assess the performance of all potential distribution channels and the performance of
every major retail customer. Understand their strategies, and how well your brand is using their
available tools and programs. Your brand must align with your retail customer strategies.
• Competitors: Dissect your closest competitors by looking at their performance indicators, brand
positioning, innovation pipeline, pricing strategies, distribution and the consumer’s perceptions of
these brands. To go even deeper, you can map out a strategic brand plan for significant competitors
to predict what they might do next. Use that knowledge within your own brand plan.
• Brand: Analyze your brand through the lens of consumers, customers, competitors, and
employees. Use brand funnel data, market research, marketing program tracking results, pricing
analysis, distribution gaps, and financial analysis. You should be managing your brand’s health and
wealth.
Best marketplace questions
1. How is the category doing relative to the economy?
2. Look at the last five years and explain each of the ups and downs in the
category.
3. What is driving category growth? What is holding the category back? What are
the significant open opportunities you can use to your advantage? What are
the risks to the categories in the next few years?
4. What category segments are growing, declining or emerging?
5. What are the macro trends influencing or changing this category?
6. What is the role of innovation? How fast does it change? Which innovations are
transforming the category?
7. Which regional or geographic trends do you see?
8. Who holds the balance of power in the category: brands, suppliers, channels,
or consumers?
9. Look at other issues: Operations, inventory, mergers, technology, innovation,
investments, global trade.
[Link] is the overall value of the category? Any price changes? Major cost
changes?
Best consumer questions
1. Who are your possible target consumer segments? Are they growing? How do you
measure them?
2. Who are the consumers most motivated by what you have to offer?
3. Who is your current target? How have you determined demographics, behavioral or
psychographic, geographic, and usage occasion? Generational trends?
4. How is your brand performing against KEY segments? Share, sales, panel or funnel
data, tracking scores? What about by channel or geography?
5. What drives consumer choice? What are the primary need states? How do these
consumer needs line up to your brand assets? Where can you win with consumers?
6. Map out the path to purchase and use brand funnels to assess your brand’s
performance in moving through each stage. Are consumers changing at stages? Are
you failing at stages?
7. What are the emerging consumer trends? How does your brand match up to
potentially exploit them? Where would your competitors win?
8. What are the consumer’s ideal brand experiences and unmet needs we can address?
9. What are the consumer’s emotional and functional need states? How does the brand
perform against them? How are you doing in tracking studies to meet these benefits?
[Link] is the consumer’s perceptions of your brand and your competitors? Voice of
the consumer.
Best channel questions
1. How are each the channels performing? Are there regional differences by
channel? Channel shifts?
2. Are there new and emerging channels? Are there channels on the horizon, not
yet developed?
3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each channel?
4. Do you understand the strategies of your retail customers?
5. Do you have the competencies to service your customers?
6. Who are the top 5 customers? What are their main strategies? How does our
brand fit into that plan?
7. Who are your primary and secondary customers? Have you segmented and
prioritized for growth versus opportunity? How large are they? What are their
growth rates?
8. How is each customer performing? How profitable is that customer?
9. How is your brand doing within each customer? What are your brand’s strength
and weaknesses?
[Link] is the relationship with the customer? Who is the category captain of your
key accounts and why?
Best competitor questions
1. Who are your main competitors? How do they position themselves?
2. What are your competitor’s use of communication, new products, and go-to-market
strategy? How are they executing against each?
3. Describe your competitor’s operating model, culture, and organization structure.
4. What are your competitor’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats?
5. How is your competitor doing regarding market share, customer market shares,
investment, margins, innovation, culture, share of voice, or any regulatory advantage?
6. Map out the competitor’s brand plan: vision, goals, key issues, strategies, and tactics.
7. What is the culture at your competitor and what is the role culture plays in their
brand?
8. What is the investment stance and expected growth trajectory of your competitor’s
brand? How much and where do they invest? What are the marketing and
commercial focus? What is their ROI?
9. What are your competitor's brand strengths, brand assets, and reputation?
[Link] there any public materials about the competitor, including strategy and financial
results?
Best brand questions
1. What consumer benefit can you win with, which is ownable, unique, and
motivating for consumers?
2. What is your biggest gain versus prior periods? What is your biggest gap?
3. What is your market share? Regionally? By channel? Where is your strength?
Where is your gap?
4. How are you performing on key brand tracking data? Penetration?
Frequency? Sales per buyer or per trip?
5. What are your brand’s scores on the brand funnel?
6. How is your program tracking data doing? Where could you improve?
7. How far can you “stretch” your brand into other opportunities?
8. What is your current operating model?
9. What is your culture? Do you have alignment with the brand story and your
employees?
[Link] is the innovation process and capability of the organization?
Best finance questions
1. What is your brand’s compound annual growth rate (CAGR)? Explain the ups and
downs over the past five years.
2. What are your gross margins and contribution margins over last five years? Can you
break it out by product line? Is there more pressure from price or the cost of goods?
3. What is your brand’s marketing budget breakout? Variable direct costs versus indirect
fixed dollars? What is the break between media and creative production? Consumer
spend versus trade spend?
4. Have you completed any pricing elasticity studies? What did you learn about your
brand? If you did increase your price, what did you see in the marketplace?
5. How is your brand’s overall strategy impacting your brand’s profits? How do your
decisions on your brand’s core strength, consumer connection, competitive pressures,
and situation impact your financials?
6. How are your current brand/business performance metrics, brand’s market goals, and
financials linked?
7. Over the past five years, what are the programs that drive the highest and lowest ROI?
8. How does your business model impact your overall profit? What are you focusing on
right now?
9. What are your forecasting error rates? Is there a seasonality impact? How do economic
factors impact your brand’s financials? How reasonable are your inventory levels?
10. What financial pressures do you face on an annual or quarterly basis?
Laying out your Summary Analysis
GRAY’S
Cookies
Drivers Inhibitors
• Taste drives a high conversion of trial to • Awareness among mainstream target (20%) held
purchase (65% vs. norm of 50%). back due to weak advertising scores. Low
• Strong listings has driven strong distribution in attention scores and brand link scores.
food channels (95%) • Low distribution at specialty stores at only 16%.
• Exceptional brand health scores among early Poor sales coverage.
adopters (“Proactive Preventers”) making it a • Low purchase frequency (2.2 boxes/yr vs. 7.3
highly beloved brand among the niche. norm) even among most loyal early adopters.
Opportunities Threats
• R&D has 5 new flavors in development. Could • Mainstream cookie brands could enter the
launch Peanut Butter in Q4 of 2013 (top 15% in ‘health’ segment through R&D or acquisition.
test), Chocolate Chips in Q2 of 2014 (top 50%) Rumors that Pepperidge Farms will launch in Q1.
• Sales broker could specifically target specialty • De-listing of our 2 weakest skus because of POS
stores, which are in high growth (+15%/year) thresholds, could weaken our in-store presence.
• Explore social media to convert strong loyal • Legal Challenge to “tastes as good as your
following into more mainstream mass appeal favorite cookie”.
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Winning
1
Strategic 2
Positioning
What What your
Thinking consumers
want
brand
does best Statement
Familiar • Awareness is never enough. Anyone can get that. • Dad’s scores low on taste Early Adopters. Highly Beloved Brand
among niche.
Inhibitors
[Link] to attract new users to Gray’s
[Link] investment on driving awareness
and trial with new consumers and building
sampling at fitness, yoga, women’s
networking, new moms.
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• Awareness held back due to weak
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[Link] defence plan against new entrants to
defends with consumers and at store level.
• Support Q4 retail blitz with message
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Consider 5.49 • Low distribution at specialty stores. Poor Goals grow distribution at key specialty stores.
6 4.97
consumer.
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• Low Purchase Frequency among most
loyal.
• Increase penetration from 10% to 12%,
specifically up from 15% to 20% with the
core target. Monitor usage frequency
Innovation
• Launch two new flavours in Q4/15 & Q4/16.
Explore diet claims, motivating and own-
Purchase 5 • To drive trial
3.99 3.77you need3.61
to gain consideration first
3.19the
(the brain) and then you need to move flavors each year. Risks
• Launch of Mainstream cookie brands
(Pepperidge Farms and Nabisco).
among the most loyal to ensure it stays
steady.
• Increase awareness from 33% to 42%,
able.
Competitive Defence Plan
• Pre Launch sales blitz to shore up all
• De-listing 2 weakest skus weakened our in- specifically up from 45% to 50% within the distribution gaps. At launch, heavy
3 consumer towards purchase and through the store presence core target. Drive trial from 15% to 20%. merchandising, locking up key ad dates,
Repeat • Legal challenge to taste claims Close distribution from 62% to 72%. BOGO. TV, print, coupons, in-store
2 experience.
80 • Dad’s fought \ declining share Opportunities
• R&D has 5 new flavors in development.
• Hold dollar share during competitive
launches. Grow 11% post launch gaining up
sampling.
• Use sales story that any new “healthy”
Loyal Explore
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(the to you
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need toLove from Preventers, as early
create
• Sales Broker gains at Specialty Stores to 1.2% share. Target zero losses at shelf. cookies should displace under-performing
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Cookies Review
Beloved Brands 0
The playbook for how to build a
40 Awareness Preventers Overall Norm
Gray’s needs to step up on innovation to use
brand your consumers will love.
✓
✓
How to think strategically
Write a brand positioning statement
The playbook for how to create a
GRAY’S brand your consumers will love Business
✓ Come up with a brand idea
✓ Write a brand plan everyone can follow
✓ Write an inspiring creative brief 20
✓ Make decisions on marketing execution
✓ Conduct a deep-dive business review
Cookies !1 Review
superior quality to gain share against Dad’s.
✓ Learn finance 101 for marketers
Awareness
4
Marketing
Execution
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Enemy
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emotional
the MBA
Insights
benefits. Consumer Target
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does best
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the leaders on taste, but has only
know control myself in your product versus the competitors. Use product ownable motivating Brand
to Player Power 4 We invite you to become part of our Gray’s Cookies community. We are
always willing to hear your thoughts and ideas on food ingredients and the ways
Beloved because 100 calories and 3g of net carbs.
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(Category)
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brand your consumers will lov
Brand
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✓ How to think strategically
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✓ Come up with a brand idea
✓ Write a brand plan everyone can follow
✓ Write an inspiring creative brief
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Beyond We provide exercise workbooks to support
the MBA your learning through each session
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tools throughout the program. At the end of each session, we provide homework.
Beyond You will gain access to our best-in-class
the MBA brand planning PowerPoint templates
CHANNELS 40 Preventers
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2. How do we fix the distribution gaps to add to 2. Fix Gray’s distribution gaps with a sales force • That’s because Gray’s is low in fat and calories, yet still
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taste, but
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3. How will we defend Gray’s against the 3. Attack Nabisco’s ‘healthy’ credibility by having Gray’s once a anight
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lost
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have been offering 20%.
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GRAY’S
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• To be the first ‘healthy cookie’ to generate the craving, popularity and sales of a mainstream Achieve
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better in-store in-store merchandising
merchandising versions
versions
while maintaining that that
while
strong are near-match
are near-match tastecurrent
taste versus versusbrands.
current brands. GRAY’S Tempt consumers to try Gray’s Cookies because Cookies
cookie. Make Gray’s a $100 Million brand by 2030. advertising budgets. your way
your way toto
stay healthy
stay healthy CookiesCookies
they are the “best tasting yet guilt free pleasure.”
maintaining strong advertising budgets.
• Major brands entering healthy snacks— About our consumer About our brand
Purpose • Major brands entering healthy snacks—with
with Lays Potato Chips and Hershey—
Lays Potato Chips and Hershey—doing a very Our target Main message
doing a replicating
very good job inversion
replicating
of the a
• At Gray’s, our purpose is to give people the cookie they will never feel guilty about eating. We
know healthy can taste great.
good job in
healthier
master
a healthier
[Link] of the master brand.
“Proactive Preventers,” suburban working moms, 35-40,
who are willing to do whatever it takes to stay healthy.
They run, workout and eat right. For many, food can be a
Brand Book
With Gray’s Cookies, you can do what you want and stop
feeling guilty over eating a damn cookie.
• • These
These power brandsbrands
power are beginning
are to dominate to
beginning
Brand Book
stress-reliever and escape even for people who watch
what they eat.
Support points
Grays Cookies matched the market leaders on taste, but
only has 100 calories and 2g of carbs. In a 12-week study,
Goals their sub categories
dominate theirpushing
pop type brands.
out the mom-n-
sub categories pushing out Consumer’s enemy consumers using Gray’s once a night lost 5 lbs.
the mom-n-pop type brands. Temptation and guilt when they cheat.
Brand Idea
• The most successful major brand entry into the Consumer Insights Gray’s are the best tasting yet guilt-free pleasure so you
Goal Year Year Comments
• “good
The formost successful
you” cookies major
came from brand entry
the 100 Once consumers cheat on their diet, it puts their whole
willpower at risk. “Once I give in to a cookie, I can’t stop
can stay in control of your health and mind.
Sales $27.5M $30.38M 11% growth rate Brand Assets
into the
calorie “good
packs, for you”
which were clearlycookies
a sacrifice came
on from myself. They taste too good. It puts my diet at risk of
Story of our New England family recipe, our signature
size collapsing. I feel so guilty.”
Share 0.8% 1.2% New triple chocolate 0.5% share theand
100taste profile. packs, which were clearly
calorie stack of beautiful cookies, and tagline “More Cookie.
Distribution 62% 72% Increase coming mainly from fixing specialty. a sacrifice on size and taste profile. What does our consumer think now? Less Guilt.”
While Gray’s Cookies have achieved a small growing base
Awareness 33% 42% Below norm, 80% among niche, 42% overall of brand fans, most consumers remain unfamiliar with the
Penetration % 10% 12% Brand promise & sampling helps drive trial.
brand and have yet to try Gray’s. Those few who love Our ask
Gray’s, describe it as “equally good on health and taste.”
Repeat % 4% 5% High quality taste converts high repeat Build
Build solid connection
solid connection to loyal
to loyal consumers consumers
before big brands before What do we want consumers to do?
TRY Grays, and we know once they do, the great taste will
Media Choices to explore
Main creative will be 30 sec TV ad, supported by event
big brands
enter theenter the
good for yougood for you segment.
segment. win them over. signage and in-store display. Carry idea into digital, social
media and build a microsite
Tone we take with our consumers
A safe choice, honest and down-to-earth.
Beyond
the MBA Meet Graham Robertson
His bestselling book, Beloved Brands, is the playbook for how to build a brand that
consumers will love. His book is a ‘how-to’ book for any marketer who has to get things
done, and set their brand up to win in the market. Every participant in our brand
management program will get a copy of the book to follow along throughout the course.
Coming
June 2020
Beyond
the MBA
Our purpose is to prepare you for success
in your brand management career
graham@[Link] [Link]