Solved Problems in Chemistry 7.
A container has 83mL of nitric acid solution which is labelled
7.2M HNO3 Determine the number of moles of HNO3 in the
1. The solubility of the sucrose, a chemical name for sugar, is container?
490/100g water at 100°C. The solution is prepared by mixing
175g sugar in 0.045 kg of water at 100°C. Determine the Solution:
maximum amount of sugar that can be dissolved in the water
at 100°C. ¿ mols of solute
Molarity=
Solution: L solution
mass of sugar =
mols HNO3
7.2 m=
( 0.045
kg∗1000 g
1kg
∗H 2O
490 g Sugar
100 g H 2 O )( ) 83 x 10−3 L
mass of sugar = 220.5 sugar mols HNO3 = 0.6mol HNO3
2. Calculate the mass of a titanium atom. Titanium element has 8. Calculate the mass in grams of sulfur that can be obtained from
atomic mass of 47.9 amu. 25 g of C6H10O2S. C-12amu, H=1amu, O=16amu, S=32amu.
Solution : Solution:
1 atom Ti * molar mass C6H10O2S = 6(12g)+10(1g)+2(16)+32g
1 mol Ti
23
∗47.9 Ti molar mass C6H10O2S = 146g = 1mol
6.022 x 10 atoms Ti
mass (g) S:
1 mol Ti
7.95x10-23g Ti
S∗1 mol C 6 H 10O 2 S
3. Determine the number of molecules in 20g of CgH8O4. ∗1 molS
14 g C 6 H 10 O 2 S
∗32 gS
Solution: 1mol C 6 H 10 O 2 S
25 C 6 H 10O 2
molar mass C9H8O4 = 9(12g) +8 (1g)+4(169) 1 mol S
molar mass CgHgO4 = 180g C9H8O4 5.5mol S
20g C9H8O4 * 9. Calculate the volume of NH3 solution which has 0.14 M,
1mol C 9 H 8 O 4 23
containing 10g of NH3.
∗6.022 x 10 molecules C 9 H 8O 4
180 g C 9 H 8O 4 Solution:
1 mol C 9 H 8 O 4
¿ mols∈Solute
Molarity =
6.69x1022 molecules C9H8O4 L solution
4. What is the percentage mass of oxygen in Fe2O3? (Fe =
55.9amu, O= 16amu) 3∗1molNH 3
10 gNH
0.14M= 14 g+3 (1 g)
Solution:
L solution
1mol Fe2O3 = 3mol O
L Solution = 4.2L
= 2mol Fe
10. Arterial blood contains about 0.25mg of oxygen per milliliter.
3 (16 gO ) Determine the pressure exerted by the oxygen in one liter of
%O= x 100 % arterial blood at normal body temperature of 38°C?
2 ( 55.9 gFe )+ 3(16 gO)
Solution:
%O = 30%
mg g
5. What is the atomic mass of oxygen which consists of three p=0.25 =0.25
isotopes with atomic masses 16amu, 17amu, and 18 amu, with mL L
abundances 99.76% 0.04%, 02% respectively.
nRT
Solution: p=
V
Atomic Mass
m m g
(0.9976)(16amu)+(0.0004)(17amu)+(0.002)(18amu) n= ; p= =0.25
MM V L
16amu
nRT pRT
6. How many moles are there in 55g of CF2Cl2, a P= =
chlorofluorocarbon that damages the ozone layer in the ( MM)(V ) MM
atmosphere? (C = 12amu, F = 19amu, CI= 35.45 amu).
P
Solution: g L−atm
(0.25 )(0.0821 )(37.273)
L mol−K = 0.2atm
molar mass CF2Cl212g+2(19g)+2(35.45g) ¿
(2 x 16 g)
molar mass CF2Cl2₂ => 120.9g=1mol
11. How many nitrogen atoms are there in 200g of NH4N3?
#moles CF2Cl2
2∗1 mol CF 2 Cl 2 Solution:
55 gCF 2Cl
120.9 g CF 2 Cl 2 molar mass NH4N3= 4(14g)+4(1g)
0.45 mol CF2Cl2
molar mass NH4N3=60g = 1mol ¿ mols NH 3
molarity =
#Nitrogen atoms: kg H 2 O
molarity =
3∗1mol NH 4 N 3 0.343 mols NH 3
∗4 mol O∗( 2 ( 1 )+ 16 ) gH 2 O
60 g NH 4 N 3 23
∗1 kgH 2 O
∗6.022 x 10 atoms N
1 mol NH 4 N 3 1 mol H 2O
200 g NH 4 N 0.657 mols H 2
1molN 1000 g
8.03molx1024 atoms N molarity = 29m
12. What is the mass in grams of C2H6O2 in 0.769 mol of C2H6O2? 16. Calculate the volume in liter occupied by 0.92 mol of H2 at STP
Solution: Solution:
molar mass C2H6O2 = (12g) +6 (1g)+2(16g) @STP:
molar mass C2H6O2 ₂ = 62g = 1mol 22.4 L
V=0.92 mol H2*
mass (g) C2H6O2: 1mol N 2
2∗62 g C 2 H 6 O 2
0.769 mol C 2 H 6 O V = 20.5 L
1 mol C 2 H 6 O2
17. What is the volume occupied by 0.252 mol of nitrogen gas at
47.7g C2H6O2 100°C and 85.6 kPa.
13. Determine the molarity of 2.6 L of a 3M solution after it has Solution:
been diluted to 5.9 L.
@STP:
Solution:
22.4 L
¿ mols∈Solute V1=0.252mol N2x
1mol N 21
=5.6448L
Molarity =
L solution
T1= 273k; P1=101.325kPa
#mols solute = (3M)(2.6L)
Solving for V2 @ T2 = 100°C and P2=85.6kPa
#mols solute = 7.8 mols solute
P 2 V 2 P 1V 1
After dilution: =
T2 T1
¿ 7.8 mols solute
Molarity = = 1.3L P1 V 1T 2
5.9 L V 2=
P2T 1
14. What is the molar fraction of solvent in an aqueous solution of
alcohol, with 5 moles of alcohol and 10 moles of water? V2=
( 101.325 kPa )( 5.6448 L ) (100+ 273 ) K
Solution: = 9.1L
(85.6 kPa)(273 K )
¿ mols solvent
Xsolvent = 18. Determine the molar mass of 5.21g of gas which occupies 3.92
¿ mols solute +¿ mols solvent L at 105 kPa and 25°C.
¿ mols H 2 O
XH2O = Solution:
¿ mols alcohol+ ¿ mols H 2 O
10 PV
XH2O =
5+10 n=
RT
XH2O=0.67
15. Determine the molality of NH3 in aqueous solution if the mole (105 kPa)(3.92 L)
n=
( )
fraction NH3 is 0.343.
L−kPa
8.314 ( 25+273 ) K
Solution: mol−K
¿ mols NH 3 n= 0.166mol
XNH3=
¿ mols NH 3+¿ mols H 2 O
5.21 g
MM=
0.343 ¿ mols NH 3 0.166 mol
=
1 ¿ mols NH 3+¿ mols H 2 O MM=31.36 g/mol
Let:
#mols NH3 =0.343mols NH3 then,
19. Calculate the molar mass of a gas with the density of 2.73 g/L
and pressure of 1.5 atm at 22°C.
#mols NH3+#mols H2O= 1
Solution:
#mols H2O =1 - #mols NH3 = 1-0.343
Assume 1L-volume: mass = 2.73g
#mols H2O = 0.657 mols
PV
n=
RT
(1.5 atm)(1 L) mass Sulfur 7.35 gS
n= =
9.12 g Al 4.92 gAl
( 0.0821
L−kPa
mol−K )
( 22+273 ) K
mass sulfur = 13.62g
n= 0.062mol 26. Calculate the molar mass of the compound N₂H6(NO3)2
2.73 g Solution:
MM= molar mass N₂H6(NO3)2 :
0.062mol =4(14amu)+6(lamu)+6(16amu)
=158amu
MM=44 g/mol 27. Determine the concentration in molarity of a 320-mL solution
which contains 2.5 moles of solute.
20. What is the molinity of 550-g solution having 25 moles of
solute? Solution:
Solution: 2.5 mols solute
M=
¿ moles of solute 0.320 L
molinity =
kg of solution M=7.8M
25 28. How many moles of solute required to prepare 4.5m aqueous
molinity = solution containing 267g of H₂O?
0.550 kg
Solution:
molinity = 45.45M
¿ moles solute
21. How many neutrons in the nucleus of Fluorine element, with molality =
atomic mass of 19amu and atomic number of 9? kg solvent
Solution: #moles solute = (4.5m)(0.267kg)
Atomic mass = #neutrons + #protons #moles = 1.2mol
Atomic number = #protons = 9 29. What is the mole fraction of NaCl in a solution containing of
0.032 moles of NaCl in 75g of water?
#neutrons = Atomic mass-#protons
Solution:
#neutrons=19-9 ¿ mols NaCl
XNaCl=
#neutrons = 10 ¿ mols NaCl+¿ mols solvent
22. Determine the pH value of a solution with 3.2 x 10" hydrogen XNaCl=
ion concentration. 0.032mols NaCl
Solution:
pH = -log (H+)
0.032mols NaCl+ 75
g∗1 mol
(
2 ( 1 )+ 16
H 2O )
pH = -log(3.2x10-8)
pH = 7.5 XNaCl=0.00762
30. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with pH
23. What is the volume of 5.0 kg of Hg with the density of 13.6 5.5
g/mL?
Solution:
Solution:
pH=-log (H+)
m
p= 5.5= -log (H+)
V
H+=3.16x10-6M
m
V=
p
5000 g
V=
g
13.6
mL
V=368mL
24. What is the mass of oxygen that reacts with 7.89 g Aluminum
to produce 14.78 g of Aluminum Oxide?
Solution:
mass Oxygen 14.78g-7.89g
mass Oxygen = 6.89g
25. If 7.35 g of sulphur reacts with 4.92g of aluminum to form the
only compound of sulphur and aluminum, how much sulphur
will react with 9.12 g of aluminum?
Solution:
