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37. A beam of 580-nm light passes through two closely spaced glass plates,
as shown in Figure P37.37. For what minimum nonzero value of the plate
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A certain crude oil has an index of refraction of 1.25. A ship dumps 1.00
;

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='"6 '! !ocean,
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incident on it, how much )*98**#6*)area
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!  7 $& O 8/91./0,)'(/:),41(/),&4
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m, is on the bottom. The lens is illuminated " 6 % above with
yellow sodium 1"'/
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; /"&3/(1./<<(1/1"'/ 589 <= nm, and a series of concentric bright
>/'%/"(/(1./.34./%0/(1./2.&'
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<=8<'?<; u 7; /B(
spot at the center,
! surrounded by 7@8@50
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6
outer edge of the lens. (a) What is the thickness of the air layer at the center of
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the interference pattern? (b) Calculate the radius of the outermost dark ring. (c)
(1./02"(/',3./%0/(1./2.&'/,'
Find the focal length of the lens.
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15. Narrow, parallel, glowing gas-filled tubes in a variety of colors form block
letters to spell out the name of a night club. Adjacent tubes are all 2.80 cm
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% O
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tubes emit predominantly
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for her to resolve the tubes of only one color?
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telescope can have to just resolve the two stars?
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grooves per $centimeter.
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Chapter 38
30. The laser in a CD player must precisely follow the spiral track, along which the distance
between one loop of the spiral and the next is only about 1.25 μm. A feedback mechanism lets
the player know if the laser drifts off the track, so that the player can steer it back again. Figure
P38.30 shows how a diffraction grating is used to provide information to keep the beam on
track. The laser light passes through a diffraction grating just before it reaches the disk. The
strong central maximum of the diffraction pattern is used to read the information in the track
of pits. The two first-order side maxima are used for steering. The grating is designed so that
the first-order maxima fall on the flat surfaces on both sides of the information track. Both side
beams are reflected into their own detectors. As long as both beams are reflecting from smooth
nonpitted surfaces, they are detected with constant high intensity. If the main beam wanders off
the track, however, one of the side beams will begin to strike pits on the information track and
the reflected light will diminish. This change is used with an electronic circuit to guide the beam
back to the desired location. Assume that the laser light has a wavelength of 780 nm and that
the diffraction grating is positioned 6.90 μm from the disk. Assume that the first-order beams
are to fall on the disk 0.400 μm on either side of the information track. What should be the
number of grooves per millimeter in the grating?

!"#$$$$$!"##$%&'"()*+%'',$)-*%).*+(/%$"0%'"() Figure P38.30

! ! 102$P*
"#$%#& !"#$%$&'()$*%+'*,*- .%/ T
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