MAT 082: Differential Equations oe Student's Activity Module #6 Name:_fasiquia, Qhm Kheull Class number: Section: Br UW@-05" Schedules Sua 28 — 1-8 Date: SS ‘Lesson 4.2: Solving Homogeneous Differential Equations Materials: hd Ballpoint and notebook Lesson Objectives: Upon completion of this lesson, the student can: 1. Solve a given homogeneous differential equation Productivity Tip: Find a comer in your home to study with focus. ‘A. LESSON PREVIEWREVIEW 1) Introduction (2 mins) It's @ good day today to continue our learning. What we have learned from the previous lesson is a preparation for us to be able to solve a so called homogeneous differential equation or simply HDE. Knowing the classification of a given DE will enable us to pursue its solution more clearly. It is important to note that our knowledge in the first classification of DE which has the separable variables will also enable us to finish finding the general solution of a homogeneous DE. On the second, be reminded that there is a significant point of the value of the degree that we initially identify before we proceed to finding a solution to a homogeneous DE. Do you what to find out the purpose of the degree? Let us start with what you know then, 2) Activity 1: What | Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins) ‘What I Know ‘Questions: ‘What | Learned (Activity 4) —| He ret TP cauby a ne 1. What is the of the exted fron He degree of HDEn nang ts | > echoct per the Prdbhern, ‘solution? probleer 2 I Te of Yes degree t'atso a DE win) YES L separable variables? Fete he ere eT EeeMAT 052: Differential Equations neon ‘Student’s Activity Module #6 Class number: ‘Schedule: Date: B.MAIN LESSON 1) Activity 2: Content Notes (25 mins) ‘SOLUTION TO A HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION A differential equation of the form M(x,y)dx + N(x.y)dy = 0 is said to be homogeneous differential ‘equation if the degree of M(x,y) and N(z,y) is same. With M and NV as the homogeneous functions of x and y, we can use a technique called variable substitution. The said variable substitution makes use of a third variable say v, other than the original variables of the function M and N. Let us see it this way. Lety ‘vx means that y is in terms of x and that its differential follows as dy = vdx+xdv [a differential of a product v and x] Aliso, if itis necessary that x be in terms of y, we have to have the substitution x = vy and the differential as dx = vdy + ydv. Demonstration of the Technique: Using the general form of first ordered DE M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0 which is also known as HDE of degree n with the paired substitution for the original variable and its differential say = vx and dy = vdx+xdv The HDE becomes M(xvx) de + N(x, vx) (vdx + xdv) = 0. Having a homogeneous DE of degree n will allow us to extract a degree n of the original variable x retained after substitution from each of the functions M and NV. So the DE looks like this x" M(1,v) dx + x" N(1,v) (vdx + xdv) = 0 Dividing the equation by x", lead us to a simpler form of M(Lv)dx + N(1,v) (ode + xdv) = 0 Expanding the second term, M(Lv)dx + vNC,v)dx + xN(L,v)dv ‘Combining terms with common differential dx (M(2,v) +» NCL, v)]dx +x N(L,v)dv = 0 Re-examine the above equation, what do we have? .... YES! It is now of separable variable condition. ee eRHINA EDUCATION MAT 052: Differential Equations eo Student's Activity Module #6 Name: Class number: Section: ‘Schedule: Date: Is it good enough to know that we have leamed DE with separable variables before studying HDE? ‘Smart indeed! Now, let us proceed. Separate the x terms and its dx from the v terms and its dv and get ready to integrate. jt +. NG) ay x J (MG,v) +e NG») ‘After completing the integration of the functions, you must return to the original pair of variables given, that is, substitute v = 2 to have y variable back in the solution equation found! Remarks: You can choose the best pair of substitution from either y =vx and dy = vdx+xdv x=vy and dx vdy + ydv Let us study further few specific examples using the HDE from previous lesson, Le sson 5.4. Example 1. Consider the equation (3x + 2y)dx + 2xdy = 0, an HDE of degree 1. Procedure: m hint ‘Applying the hint posted implies that when we muttiply the term 2x | Choose the With vdx + xdv pends + 20d y =08 ‘and 2xdy = 2x(vdx + xdv) = 2xvdx + 2x ed nee Unlike using the other substitution, (Ge + 2y)de = Boy +2y)(ody + ydv) = Bv?ydy + 3vy*dv + 2yvdy + 2y?dv. twice about the better choice of “The above results give us a comparison that should allow us to think ‘substitution. 8 jent is the property% = MAT 052: Differential Equations memes pum ‘Student's Activity Module #6 Name: Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: To continue, given HDE equation (3x + 2y)dx + 2xdy = 0 becomes (3x + 2vx)dx + 2x(vdx + xdv) hint Taking into consideration that the HDE is of degree n “The degree of the HDE , will be the degree of the We can extract the common variable x as shown variable to be x(3 + 2u)dx + 2x(vdx + xdv) = 0 ‘and divided from the DE to simplify it. Then divide the above equation by x itself and we have (B+ 2v)dx + Mvdx + xdv) = 0 From there, we distribute 2 in the second term and have (B+ 2v)dx + 2vdx + 2xdv = 0 Combine terms with common differential dx [G+ 2v) + 2v]dx + 2xdv = 0 ‘Simplify. (3 + 4v)dx + 2xdv =0 a, dv Separate variables. 42@ = , a 2@av Intograte and simply. s2+j@Q22 1 Injx| + 5In|3 + 40] = Example 2. Given the equation xy?dy = (x + y*)dz., an HDE of degree 3. Procedure: ‘Since the given DE Is already known as homogeneous, it is not necessary to rewrite it in the form M(x, y)dx + N(x,y)dy = 0. What we need to do is to decide the variable substitution to be used.PHINMA EDUCATION MAT 052: Differential Equations seems Wan aro Student’s Activity Module #6 3 Class number: Section: Schedule: Date: Analyse the following: Case 1: Case 2: Withy = vx, dy = vde+axdv Butwithx = vy, dx = vdy+ydv xy*dy = (x? + y3)dx becomes xy?dy = (x3 +y?)dx becomes x(vx)?(vdx + xdv) = [x3 + (vx)3]dx (oy yay = [(0y)? + (ody + yd) The LHS will have 2 terms and also 2 terms On the other hand, the above equation will have 1 on the RHS of the above equation after term on the LHS and 4 terms on the RHS after MAIN § 4 Hy (Ydeexaly) © of 0 OEP - (ery dy t ybdy oo wylct ade - feces tay ° I mC) = xybete yt me rag (AE YY” worm) cg CoS BA ys) mors): ch yg (e4 ay ty) medio med) RGey) = = LAG gt gt] Newugs- [ya (retertyy = rh] Noes Leena arty rhy)-rtg] NCoend= rb [AG ayy y= 9] NGra)= c#N e,9) Le ead et hye] 1 orven be Inamgereans oy dept Yor egYan OC +p) -g']dy <0 wplergtaysy Gay tye) [Arye yt)" gf] dy <0 BLOTS Ng gD edgagaad- Ley Metyte gh gay eg] Vea avs ody yy) [AW ae 4) Jey ee We teed gh) ~ free 4] Jay 20 yeas udu + ebay sav yd aes + gd oly pi base gh Als phy Vigdv + avydu + vydy + ayo (yt wgew)des = dy y Tt Whar = 2 NOE dy 4 Bos 3 fuernytdy +{4 ° we \ee v's ; afirde +fedy . dye ade dice nyt Gyr FON dG =