CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
The aim of this chapter is to illustrate the method used while conducting this study. Many
techniques and methods were used to address the research questions. A sample group was
selected in SBM BANK along with the selection of the sample method used. Moreover, a
definition is offered of the measuring tool employed as well as the technique applied to the
collection of data. "Research methodology serves as a systematic means of addressing a
research issue (Kothari 1985). Put differently, it outlines the scientifically rigorous process
through which research is conducted. Familiarity with research methodologies is crucial for
researchers, encompassing not only the practical application of research strategies, but also
their alignment with study objectives, implications, significance, and rationale behind the
selection of specific approaches. Given that diverse problems may necessitate distinct
methodologies, comprehending the theoretical underpinnings and variables associated with
various techniques, and being able to discern the suitability of specific techniques for a given
research problem, empowers researchers to make informed choices about the most fitting
methodology to employ (Kothari 1985, 8)."
3.1 Rational for the study
The objective of this research study is to assess the impact of employees’ motivation on
organizational effectiveness at SBM, to measure the level of employee motivation and
employee loyalty, analyse the connection between employee motivation and organizational
effectiveness and to analyse the barriers and the opportunities of organizational motivation.
This study will be beneficial to both the company and the employees. The fact that this study
will bring forward factors that can help to better know the factors that contribute to increase
employees’ motivation and this will somehow increase the productivity of the organization is
advantageous to SBM. The HR department might have an idea about the requirement of the
staff and can try to fulfilled them so that their personnel do not have to shift to other
organizations.
3.2 The Framework of the Study
As outlined by Burns and Grove (2003), the research design can be understood as a
"blueprint for orchestrating an investigation while maximizing control over factors that could
potentially impede the credibility of the conclusions." According to R Labaree (2013), the
research design constitutes a comprehensive strategy and a designated scheme governing the
unfolding of an inquiry; it encompasses the methodology for data collection, the instruments
employed, and the intended approach for scrutinizing the amassed data.
Categorization of research design can be accomplished in three principal modes:
Explanatory Design: This variant of research contributes to a deeper comprehension
of the subject under scrutiny.
Descriptive Research: This variant furnishes insights into the characteristics of the
targeted population, employing the quintessential journalistic interrogatives: "Who,
What, When, Where, and How?"
Causal Research: This design facilitates the establishment of causative relationships
between variables.
Research Design
The framework for the research design and methodology serves as a guiding structure for the entire
research endeavor. In typical research, we commonly recognize three distinct approaches:
Investigative, expressive, and descriptive techniques (Saunder et al., 2007). The investigative or
exploratory method is particularly valuable when dealing with fundamental facts, as it contributes to
the development of new theories.
Depending on the research context, there exist three fundamental research purposes. These include
exploratory research, descriptive research, and causal research.
Exploratory research: This design aims to unearth insights and perceptions related to a particular
problem or situation. It centers on comprehending the essence of the problem through insight and
understanding of the given scenario.
Descriptive research: Its primary purpose is to provide information about a specific target
population. This involves using the "Who, What, When, Where, and How" framework to ascertain
the pertinent circumstances.
Causal research: This type of research is instrumental in establishing cause-and-effect relationships
between variables.
The essential role of these research types is to define and elucidate a problem, presenting it
succinctly by considering alternative courses of action and formulating hypotheses based on the
identified problem (Malhotra, 2008).
Descriptive Research Design
Research is occasionally confused with the act of collecting data, recording truths, and sifting through
information (Leedy & Ormrod, 2001). The research methodology guides the researcher in
determining how to uncover the findings of the research outcome (Kassu Jilcha Sileyew, 2019).
In this investigation, a combination of a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview
technique was employed as the research method. The questionnaire primarily targeted the
organization's employees, while the semi-structured interview approach was utilized to gather
insights from SBM through a face to face interview.
Questionnaire
As outlined by Collis and Hussey (2003), a questionnaire is characterized as a meticulously organized
list of questions, meticulously chosen through rigorous testing, with the intention of eliciting reliable
responses from a specific sample. The primary aim of a questionnaire is to unveil the actions,
thoughts, and emotions of a designated group of individuals (Webb, 2002). This questionnaire
comprises both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Open-ended questions provide
participants with the liberty to craft their own responses without preconceived options, while
closed-ended questions present participants with a selection of possible responses from which they
choose their preferred answer (Welman et al., 2005).
In this particular study, both explanatory and descriptive methodologies were employed. The
explanatory approach was predominantly employed during the literature review phase, where
academic journals and books were consulted to acquire definitions, theories, empirical studies, and
various other information. The distribution of the questionnaire targeted approximately one quarter
of SBM staff, aiming to uncover the underlying causes of motivation levels, performance and the
effectiveness of SBM depends on employees motivation.
The questionnaire was structured into three sections, with exclusive use of closed-ended questions
for the staff members. Designed to be concise, the questionnaire was crafted in a user-friendly
manner, ensuring ease of response for each employee.
Interview
In accordance with Shazia Jamshed's findings in 2014, a structured interview is a focused interview
approach where the interviewer possesses comprehensive knowledge about the interviewee. When
deviations arise from the primary question, the interviewer typically guides the interviewee back to
the central topic. An alternative type is an unstructured interview, characterized as an informal and
conversational exchange. Here, questions are spontaneously generated during the interview.
Semi-structured interviews involve in-depth conversations where respondents are prompted to
provide open-ended responses beforehand. Notably, a semi-structured interview was specifically
employed for the HR department of SBM. The main inquiries centered around the motivation level of
employees and the performance of SBM.
Population
Polit and Hungler (1999:37) allude to the populace as a total or totality of the considerable number
of articles, subjects or on the other hand individuals that fit in with a lot of determinations
For this chosen company we have about 1600 employees actually working for SBM Bank and the
formulated questionnaires were given to the representative amount of 310 employees on each level
of the hierarchy in order for the results to be reliable.
Sampling
Sampling is a process wherein data collected from the entire population is organized into a smaller,
manageable set of data. The method used to select a subset of data for analysis from the population
is known as sampling. Various sampling techniques exist, with the two primary categories being
probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling involves assigning a
probability to each individual for potential selection in the sample, whereas non-probability sampling
doesn't encompass the possibility of including every individual; instead, specific sampling is carried
out through non-probability methods. Probability sampling has the potential to yield more precise
data compared to non-probability sampling (Marshal, 2010).
In this way, non-likelihood test strategy will be utilized.
Source: Business Jargons
The non-probability sampling is normally associated with exploratory and explanatory subjective
matter. Convenience sample involves haphazard selection those cases are easiest to obtain
(Saunders, 2009). The sample size of the research will be 310 (respondents) for survey questionnaire.
Sample size
The Target population is the employees and the CSR department of the SBM Group ltd. The company
can count 1600 of staff members from different level of the hierarchy as mentioned earlier. To be
more in details, those employees are from the departmental side and the retail side of the Bank. The
Raosoft online calculator has been an indicator of the sample size that is the number representative
of the firm to have a fair sample size which has been calculated at the exact amount of 310
employees.
Source : http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
Data collection method
Data collection involves gathering pertinent information from appropriate sources.Mainly there will
be two prime sources of my data collection. Like primary data and secondary data.
Primary Data
The research will collect data from the basis of the quantitative analysis so that there will be some
structured close ended questionnaire that will be applied in terms of the quantitative data analysis.
Participants will be needed to answer each one questions using a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being
“Strongly Agree”, 4 being “Agree”, 3 being “Neutral”, 2 being “Disagree” and 1 being “Strongly
Disagree”. The survey will be done on the respondents to collect the primary data that will be used in
the data analysis of the data (Schiffman, 2007).
Secondary Data
As described by Zikmun (2000), secondary data pertains to information that has previously been
gathered or processed for a particular objective. Utilizing secondary data generally demands less
time and incurs lower costs compared to primary data collection. In the context of this study,
secondary data has been sourced from materials such as encyclopedias, journals, the SBM Annual
Report, and similar sources.
Data Collection Instrument
Polit and Hungler (1999:267) define data as information obtained in a course of a study. In this study
data was collected by using structured interview schedules distributed to the staff of SBM. The above
data mentioned has been collected in order to have access to a large sample size. The distributed
questionnaires were distributed to the staff in order for them to answer the questionnaires
personally where they would be more at ease so as to increase response rate.
Questionnaire design
The questionnaire is divided into four sections and all were numbered.
A TABLE HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED IN ORDER TO SHOW THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS AND THEIR
RESPECTIVE SPECIFICATIONS.
SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
S
A DEMOGRAPHIC
B Motivation level
C Factors that contribute to increase employees' motivation
D Connection between employee motivation and firm effectiveness
E Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated
Table: Questionnaire Layout
Pilot Study
A pilot test was conducted with a sample of 20 participants to identify any discrepancies in the
questionnaire design. Subsequent to the pilot test, the following observations were made:
1. Certain words had missing letters.
2. Several sentences lacked clarity.
3. Participants refrained from answering open-ended questions due to perceived time
constraints.
Based on the feedback provided by the participants, necessary adjustments were formulated
accordingly.
Data Analysis
To recognize the nuance of the information, the dimension of the information is important and in
regards to have apparent surveillance, information which has been gathered at first needs a detailed
scrutiny. In the analysing stage of data, the hypothesizer has to go through three stages. Such as-data
decrease, data show and Sketch termination plus creation authentication.
Figure: Components of data analysis (Source: Amaratunga et al 2002)
According to Creswell (2007) the hypothesis concludes the sequential stages of functions which have
to be followed up in data analyzing process.
Data organizing: This stage of data organizing process the data which have been gathered has to
arrange in a perfect way.
Reading: I this stage all the data are gone through.
Description: this stage is basically related with the explanation of the relevant case and its history.
Classification: here data are categorized to found a perfect or suitable archetype.
Understanding: it is tough stage where straight understanding is made and it means making the
respective topic simple.
Demonstration: it is related with the detailed presentation the concerned data be means of charts,
tables, pictures etc.
