MOHAMMED AHMED HUSSAIN AL-TAIE

‫محمد احمد حسين الطائي‬

Professional practice
Definition of problem – solving

Problem-solving is the process of resolving any form of challenge. This method is divided into several

stages. The first phase entails identifying the problem and determining the root cause. Following the

identification of the problem and its cause, the next step is to consider and implement several

alternatives.

As you can see the given figure, there are six steps of problem solving. I must explain the four main

steps of problem solving

Identifying the problem: There is no way to truly fix a problem until you first comprehend its extent.
Outline both the known and unknown information. If you have an assignment due next week and are

unsure how to complete it, you should check and note the problem before attempting to solve it.

Coming up with alternate solutions: After you've finished the first stage, the next step is to come up

with a solution to the problem. Our brains are wired to assume that if we come up with a good idea or

solution, it will work. However, this will not always work, and you will lose a lot of time attempting to

come up with a different solution. So the easiest approach to do this is to come up with multiple

solutions at the same time. You will be more productive at work if you prepare a sequence of ideas.

Because if one of your ideas fails, you can quickly switch to a different one until the problem is solved.

Choosing and evaluating alternatives: When you have more than one concept and are unsure

whether or not the ideas are viable. To find the finest and most effective solution to the problem, look

over the following list:

Will this strategy be able to solve the issue at hand without causing further problems in the system?

Will all of the system's customers and stakeholders accept the solution?

Is the concept I've proposed reasonable and simple to implement?

Putting the answers into action: This is the most difficult step to achieve. You should use some of the

ideas in this phase to improve the efficiency and productivity of your solution. To begin, you can enlist

the assistance of others to help you implement the solution; this will not only reduce stress but also

boost your chances of success. When it comes to testing and expectations for solutions, the most

important thing to remember is to keep an eye on the solution and how it works at all times. You can

accomplish so by putting the solutions to the test on a variety of scenarios. You may also test the

results and compare them to the expectations to see how well the solution is working.

The importance of problem-solving

To be honest, every business or corporation, as well as people, has a problem. As a result,

problem-solving skills have become increasingly critical. You have a wonderful ability to solve
problems in the job if you are a master of problem solving skills. The following are some of the

advantages of problem-solving abilities:

Make the impossible possible: Wisdom alone isn't enough to solve problems; it's when it's

combined with rigorous problem-solving approaches that the difference is made. This assists

people and organizations in dealing with potentially risky situations.

Help you develop into a remarkable individual: People are taught to conform to expectations.

They've honed their skills and gained knowledge in their field. People, on the other hand, have

a hard time dealing with unexpected or uncommon situations. If you are a regular problem

solver at work, you will be swiftly recognized, acknowledged, and commended.

Boost your confidence: You don't waste time wondering about what you'll do if an issue arises

since you're confident in your capacity to tackle issues.

Some techniques and tools for the problem solving

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Some techniques for the problem solving

i must introduce some techniques for the problem solving, here are some of them that I list below:

The silent brainstorming technique

Most brainstorming sessions have the problem that the noisy people are more likely to have

their proposal picked as a solution. The silent ones may have a brilliant concept, but they

simply sit about and are never noticed. You get the impression that being energetic and noisy

is more vital than having a fantastic idea

If you see this occasionally, it may be time for a silent brainstorming session. The technique is the

same whether you do it online or in the office. Without sitting at the same table, the whole team
creates and shares ideas on their own. The key principle is that everyone's viewpoint is equally valid.

It's really easier to make a decision if you do it online.

Using the six different types of thinking caps

The Six Hats system was created by Edward de Bono. Using this strategy, you can wear six main hats

with six different perspectives. The six hats problem-solving technique is helpful because it allows

you to evaluate the same problem from multiple viewpoints quickly and easily.

The white hat Neutral and objective. Concerned with the objective facts and figures. The

red hat Suggests anger (seeing red) Gives an emotional view

The black hat Black gloomy and negative. Covers the negative aspects - why it can't be done

The yellow hat Sunny and positive Optimistic Covers hope and positive thinking

The green hat Grass Vegetation Abundant fertile growth Indicates creativity and new ideas

The blue hat Cool Color of the sky, which is above everything else Concerned with control

Organization of the thinking process

Conclusion Therefore every thinking aspect should be taken into consideration and carefully thought

out. No matter what color your hat is, you should always be thinking of others and your impact on

them and the world.

The wanderer problem-solving technique

This technique can be understood easily and simply. Take a step back and distance yourself from

problem. Get some rest, go for a stroll outside, and watch some YouTube cat videos. To put it another

way, get out of the situation. When your brain relaxes, you could just find the solution to your

difficulty

Some tools for the problem solving

There are many and many tools for problem solving, in this report I would like introduce some of the

tools for problem solving.

GANTT chart: This is something we're very familiar with. Because I've already provided a GANTT

chart for the project. This is a problem-solving tool that is used to explain project timeframes and

task dependencies (for instance, activities that cannot begin until other tasks are completed). A

GANTT chart is especially useful in problem-solving efforts when planning and organizing the

execution of large or complex alternatives that frequently involve multiple people and tasks. The

GANTT chart is used to identify the most critical tasks, establish task connections, insert activities

into tools or templates, measure and manage progress, and update the chart as needed.

Problems and solutions in the training event

Nothing in the world should be perfect and so are my team. Some issues will happen while my team is
working and holding a training event to address them, we will use some tools to prepare and meet
unexpected problem when it happens. I calculated that three main problems would occur.
Expenses: - Issue: The equipment, the leasing of the facilities, and the collaborators' time expenses

(if we are lacking of human resources). The cost of training is getting too high. During the event

planning process, there may be additional unanticipated costs

Solution: To conserve money, we should limit our spending as much as possible. At the same time,

we should organize the event's finances so that we can better comprehend our spending. At the same

time, we'll put together a contingency plan in case of unforeseen spending that can be handled with

Quickly.

Divergent viewpoints: – Issue: Not everyone at the training event, including our team, had the same

viewpoint. There are several people in the world who hold opposing viewpoints. Having diverse points

of view and perspectives throughout the event meeting can lead to conflicts or confusion later on,

making it difficult to continue speaking and confusing the findings.

Solution: To address this issue, we should allow time for everyone in the meeting to talk with one

another and even evaluate the question and answer from other angles. This helps to diversity the

content we learn and keeps the gathering from becoming monotonous when only one person speaks.

Irresponsibility

- Problem: This lack of responsibility usually occurs within the team, and it stems from the fact that

the task is too demanding, and the pressure causes people to resign unknowingly, or because they are

unaware of their responsibilities for the assigned work. This might lead to people pushing each other,

failing to agree on a set plan, and making it difficult to finish the work efficiently and on schedule.

Solution: We need to make a timetable or a Gantt chart to fully tackle this problem. Specific tasks

have been allocated to each person in that timetable or Gantt chart, and there will be unique
deadlines for each work assigned to that member. Furthermore, we will need to establish penalties

and rewards for individuals who finish duties on time. This will boost each individual's sense of

responsibility while also removing any ambiguity from the work

Definition and the importance of critical reasoning

Definition of critical reasoning

Critical reasoning is the act of studying, assessing, and challenging both hypotheses and

assumptions in order to develop a style of thinking, express an opinion on a topic, and logically

justify and defend one's position. Consistency is key, as is avoiding opposing viewpoints.

For example, A commented that B studied poorly, but buddy C confirmed to A that B studied well

based on his observations of B's grades and learning process. This is critical thinking because B has

provided arguments and facts to support and reject A's point of view.

Observation: The capacity to recognize and consider possibilities, issues, and ideas.

Analysis: Information and other knowledge are gathered, analyzed, and summarized.

Inference: Using appropriate facts, information, and personal knowledge and experience to

draw selections.

Communication: Verbally, nonverbally, and in writing, sharing and receiving knowledge with

others.

Problem solving: Collecting, evaluating, and exchanging information in an attempt to detect

and fix problems.

The importance of critical reasoning

Critical reasoning also helps in improving creative thinking, finding novel solutions to problems as well

as generating new ideas, adjusting business strategies to be effective and best suited to the business

when needed.
Critical reasoning also plays a role in recognizing and evaluating oneself so that people can adjust their

lives and work accordingly, making the most correct and accurate decisions in all situations.
Critical evaluation of my own role and contribution to the group for the

completion of the training event

It was difficult to prepare a presentation for a training event that I had never done

before. The presentation should be professional and easily understood by the audience. I

had to do a lot of research and was able to discover a list of subjects that I should utilize

in the presentation, but it was a difficult challenge to select the most relevant one that

the audience could understand. And I am confident that I made the finest contribution to

the training event by volunteering to help produce the slides with another group

member who had to make the slides for the training session. Even though I couldn't

interact vocally, I kept the WhatsApp group alive by periodically talking to the group

members and inquiring about their progress on their assigned task.

Even though I gave my all, there are certain areas where I need to develop my abilities,

which may have helped me do better. For example, I could have spoken with my group

members orally and provided some ideas to the training program, or I could have made

the presentation live by utilizing GIFs rather than photos to help the audience

comprehend. In addition, I lack the capacity to think imaginatively, and I must be

strategic. Overall, I need to work on my interpersonal skills so that I may be even more

successful in the future.

Importance of having dynamic team members in a group to meet its goals by referring to the role

assigned to the group members and analyse how

team dynamics among your group members effectively helped to achieve

the shared project goal.

What is Team Dynamics?

Team dynamics refers to the connections, interactions, communication, and

collaboration among members of a group. If the team's dynamics are good, its members

will be able to collaborate more effectively, generate better, more original ideas, and

have a higher probability of accomplishing their specific common goal.

Positive team dynamics may provide several benefits to your business, not the least of

which is that they are the most certain means of maximizing the full potential of your

workers' abilities and expertise.

Advantages of Team Dynamics

Improved Results : A team that is working to its maximum capacity will automatically produce

greater outcomes. They are more focused, have clearer goals, and work better together.

Greater Collaboration : When teams operate in a more casual and friendly environment, they can

achieve higher levels of cooperation and collaboration.

Faster Decision Making : Team members are more inclined to listen to one another and so make

decisions more quickly

Greater Commitment : Individual group members have a higher sense of worth. Workers will be more

committed and loyal as a result.

Strategies to Improve Team Dynamics

Feedbacks : When you notice improper behavior, respond immediately to correct it through feedback.

Roles and Responsibilities : When you create a team structure that defines the group's goal and

individual duties, you may obtain a clear direction that will help you manage team dynamics.

Break Down Barriers : Team building exercises may be used to increase unity and enhance connections

between the group members.

Communication : Keep everyone informed, and when changes are made, spread the word as soon as

possible.

Trust : By being more pleasant and flexible with group members, trust can be built, resulting in a strong

relationship between the members of the group.

Team dynamics in an organization or a workplace are essential because they influence

creativity, productivity, and effectiveness. Because group work is so important in

organizations, changing group dynamics may lead to better work results, more customer

satisfaction. Without a good team dynamics the organization or workplace may become a

failure

In this situation, our group had a positive team chemistry, which allowed us to work well

together. Because we had the same goal and objective, we shared it with our group

members, which ultimately led in an effective result because now it is not only one person

working to achieve the goal and objective, but a group with a variety of creative people

who have different ideas toward the objective, which was made easier by the positive

team dynamic among us. We would have failed if we had had negative team dynamics.
Importance of continuous professional development (CPD) in a work setting and its contribution to own
learning

The concept continuing professional development (acronym CPD) refers to the types of

learning activities that professionals engage in in order to further enhance their skills and

abilities. CPD helps learning to become aware and proactive, rather than passive and

reactive - this is facilitated by incorporating vocational and practical skills with academic

degrees. It is a major part of continuing to better oneself after completing formal

Schooling .

As the world's businesses continue to grow, it becomes increasingly difficult to

overestimate the necessity of continuing professional development. CPD enables people

to develop and improve their existing abilities while eliminating any knowledge gaps,

providing a competitive advantage in situations when one is necessary - such as a job

interview. CPD can also help people stand out in the job market, as many candidates

competing for certain roles often have comparable core talents.

Importance of CPD to employees

Qualifications are kept up to date, allowing learners to develop relevant skills on the job

Fills knowledge gaps and enables people to adapt to a fast-paced world.

Aids in increased workplace productivity and the capacity to learn and develop.

Employees are able to exhibit their desire, aptitude, and readiness to learn new abilities.

Keeps people focused on the road to professional advancement, which leads to job stability and
success at work.

Importance of CPD to employers

Maintains excellent standards across the organization.

Contributes to the growth and prosperity of an organization in a good way.

Encourages a learning culture and fosters a positive working connection with workers.

Increases employee productivity and aids in the development of a more productive and motivated
workforce.

Employee retention is improved because employees feel appreciated and loyal to the firm.

Allows employers to accept change and respond to changes in their sector.

Contribution of CPD for my personal learning

When it comes to CPD's impact on my own development, the first time we employed

it was to execute our training program. Because there were no specialists relating to

this issue and training events, it was a huge success to utilize CPD to execute the

training event.

Because the training event's theme was new to me and the group, it was novel and

will be beneficial when we work in a cooperative firm. It also encouraged me to

contribute to all of the group members, gain new skills and information required to

execute a training program, and comprehend what it means to be a professional. It

also gave me experience that I would be able to utilize in the future. I can enhance my

abilities and knowledge for a better future job by enrolling in CPD.

An evaluation on the range of CPD criteria that can be used to measure the effectiveness of your
employees in your organization.

CPD evaluation is critical since it indicates which CPD technique will allow for

significant improvement in your workers' performance.

Evidence Criteria:

Production Data : This is the information that is often used in companies, and it is handled with by

specialists to complete the day-to-day job.

Personnel Data : This is information on an organization's workers. Biographical information, academic

credentials, and so forth.

Judgemental Data : The information is gathered using a numerical rating scale and is completed by the

supervisor of the employee being assessed.

Rating Methods:

Ranking : Ranking is a tool for performance evaluation in which a specified proportion of employees are

classified into various categories depending on how well they perform in comparison to their

colleagues.

Paired Comparison : Paired Comparison is a method of evaluating a limited number of options by

comparing them to one another. It is a simple and effective method for evaluating and ranking options

when the assessment criteria are highly subjective.

Check List : Another simple way for evaluating an employee's performance is the checklist method. The

Manager creates a checklist and sends it to the assessor using this approach. The checklist may

comprise a series of questions (depicting an employee's

conduct and work performance), to which the assessor must respond with a simple 'YES' or 'NO'.

Management by objectives : Can be characterized as a procedure in which each

subordinate, in cooperation with his superior, establishes performance goals and

objectives before the outset of the assessment period.

These techniques may be used to assess an employee's effectiveness in a company, and

the person's performance can be enhanced in order for him to meet his goals. The best

technique among these tactics is paired comparison since it allows employers to quickly
identify the most successful people in the group and allows them to focus on the low

performers and assist them improve their performance via ongoing professional

development. Despite the fact that the ranking method is the same, combined comparison

does not distinguish low-performing representatives in the same way that the ranking

method does, which has a negative impact on the representative.

Continuous Development Plan for the group members

The goal of our group was to master the topic of space tourism, to organize a training event on

spacecraft and to present it to the public as a training program. Our ability to express them effectively

has improved as a result of CPD. It also had an impact on our ability to improve our interpersonal skills

and our ability to run a training program. Our group members' tasks included completing research on

the topic, designing presentations, conducting training sessions, and organizing online meetings, among
others.
Compare and contrast different motivation theories

What is Motivation Theory?

Motivation theory is the process of what motivates an employee to work toward a

specific objective or achievement. It is vital in many aspects of society, but it is especially

important in business and management. This is due to the fact that a motivated employee

is more productive, and a productive employee is more advantageous.

Some of the popular motivation theories:

 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

 Herzberg’s two factor theory
 McClelland’s theory of needs
 Vroom’s theory of expectancy
 McGregor’s theory X and Y
The difference between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two factor

theory shown in the below table

BASIS Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Herzberg’s two factor theory

Order of Needs The arranging of needs in a There is no such

hierarchical order hierarchical system.
according to the need

The essence of the theory Unsatisfied needs motivate Delightful needs result
behavior, which leads to towards performance.
performance.

Motivator If a need is mostly Higher level needs are the

unsatisfied, it might serve only ones that operate as
as a motivator. motivators.

Applicability Takes a wider perspective Takes a small perspective

of all workers' motivating and handles specialist
issues. employees' work-related
motivational issues.

Based On Needs and Satisfaction Achievement, recognition,

and growth are all factors
to consider to motivation

Nature of the theory It is descriptive It is prescriptive

The similarities between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s two factor

theory

All Maslow and Herzberg underlined the importance of employee motivation.

Both theories influence employee psychology and acting appropriately,

resulting in increased employee motivation

Maslow's physiological, safety, and social requirements are comparable to

Herzberg's hygiene or maintenance factors.

Maslow's theory's esteem and self-actualization needs are comparable to

Herzberg's motivating factors.

The main difference is that Maslow's theory is focused on individual needs and their

fulfillment. In contrast, Herzberg's theory is focused on employee recognition. According

to McClelland's theory of needs, every employee has one of three primary driving

motivators, such as the desire for accomplishment, affiliation, or power. There is also a

contrast between these three theories in that Maslow's Theory focuses on common human

requirements, but Herzberg's Theory and McClelland's Theory do not since they simply
rely on work content elements

The differences between McGregor’s theory X and Y shown in the below table

Basis McGregor’s theory X McGregor’s theory Y

Meaning It entails severe monitoring Employees are self-directed
over coworkers and self-motivated in order to
advance and improve.

Work / Responsibility Work is something Work is natural, and

they dislike, and they try to they accept responsibility
avoid taking on
responsibility

Leadership Their management style is Their management style is

autocratic democratic

Motivators They are motivated They are mostly motivated

Financially by non-financial rewards.

Focused On Psychological needs and Social needs, esteem needs

Security needs and self-actualization needs

Ambition They aren't really ambitious. They are highly ambitious

Control Tight Lenient
Authority Centralized Decentralized

Direction Constant direction is Little to no direction is

necessary. required.
Maslow's motivation theory, in my opinion, focuses on all elements of individual needs,

whereas other theories concentrate exclusively on work specific parts of demands and

fulfillment. This is a major benefit for nearly any firm since employees do not have to be

specialists to implement this approach. Maslow's hierarchy of needs covers all of an

individual's needs in a hierarchy that all humans act in a way that will address basic needs

before moving on to satisfy other, so-called higher level needs like esteem needs to self-

actualization needs, ensuring that every employee can be provided with a motivating

factor that can lead to achieving their goal. Everyone can comprehend this idea since we

all go through all of the stages in our lives that are represented in the hierarchical triangle.

It is critical for businesses to use appropriate motivational components to advance the

career advancement of representatives in their human asset sector, because it drives

employee performance, which may be a key figure in the continued advancement of the

undertaking, thus giving it a competitive advantage. Because representatives operate in an

unusual manner in the workplace, the company's strategy may be used to encourage them.

Motivational speaking is likely to create leaps in job contentment and therefore aids in the

advancement of their work execution. As a result, inspiration is one of the most difficult

and important aspects of mechanical and organizational psychology

Making workers effectively take part in CPD when they are motivated will

bring huge benefits to the organization since they learn

or develop modern professional skills and knowledge, which makes a difference to move

forward the organization's productivity and viability, demonstrating that applications of

motivational theories are vital to the organization's victory.

Conclusion

In conclusion the creator has secured all of the ranges which is vital for a victory of an

organization or a group to work on objective effectively and efficiently. by

this creator has picked up a lot of experience through organizing

a training event since this was the his to begin with time organizing it. In any case this

was a huge rise to his future career.

Executive Summery

The creator has displayed an investigation and assessment of the preparing event that he

and his group conducted in this task. This task will give the reader a great sense of the

interpersonal and professional abilities required to appropriately display for group work

and handle challenges that will rise all through this process. Besides, the reader will get a

more prominent information of the impact of amazing cooperation and the conclusion

results it gives, the significance of Continuous Professional Development, and the effect

of motivational theories. At long last, the reader will get the majority of the abilities

essential to development in his future work.