Artificial Lighting

Artificial Lighting
Regardless of how
well daylighting is
incorporated into a
building design,
artificial lighting is
required when it
becomes dark
outside.
  Artificial light, as opposed to natural light, refers
to any light source that is produced by electrical
means
 Artificial light is man-made light
 The earliest form of artificial lighting used to
Artificial Light illuminate an area were campfires or torches.
Over the centuries ,  As early as 400,000 BCE, fire was kindled in the
tapers, candles and caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used
oil lamps have given primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings.
way, first to gaslight, These lamps were made from naturally occurring
and ultimately to materials such as rocks, shells, horns and stones,
various forms of were filled with grease, and had a fiber wick.
electric light. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as
fuel.
 DEFINITION OF BASIC TERMS
 Lamp – any of various devices for producing light or
heat, as by electricity or gas
 Bulb – the glass housing of an incandescent lamp
 Luminaire is a term used to describe the complete
lighting unit consisting of the following components:
 A lamp or lamps (the general public calls these
Artificial Light lightbulbs)
 The parts (housing) necessary to distribute the light,
position and protect the lamps, connect the unit to
the power supply
 Light fixtures are luminaires that are permanently
affixed to the architecture of the building.
 Portable luminaires are, as the name implies, easily
moved;
 Table lamps
 desk lamps
LUMINAIRE
A lightlng unit consisting
of one or more electric
lamps with all of the
necessary parts and
wiring for positioning and
protecting the lamps,
connecting the lamps to
a power supply. and
dlstributing the light,
LUMINAIRE
A lightlng unit consisting
of one or more electric
lamps with all of the
necessary parts and
wiring for positioning and
protecting the lamps,
connecting the lamps to
a power supply. and LAMPS
dlstributing the light,
LUMINAIRE
A lightlng unit consisting
of one or more electric
lamps with all of the
necessary parts and
wiring for positioning and
protecting the lamps,
connecting the lamps to
a power supply. and LAMPS
dlstributing the light,

LUMINAIRE
LIGHTING FIXTURE
are luminaires that are
permanently affixed to
the architecture of the
building.
REFLECTOR
a surface for reflecting
light esp. the device on
a luminaire having such
a surface for controlling
the distribution of light
emitted by a lamp
REFLECTOR
a surface for reflecting
light esp. the device on
a luminaire having such
a surface for controlling
the distribution of light
emitted by a lamp

REFLECTOR
DIFFUSER
any of a variety of
translucent materials
for filtering glare from a
light source and
distributing the light
over an extended area
DIFFUSER
any of a variety of
translucent materials
for filtering glare from a
light source and
distributing the light
over an extended area

DIFFUSER
 DEFINITION OF BASIC TERMS
 Reflector – a surface for reflecting light esp. the
device on a luminaire having such a surface for
controlling the distribution of light emitted by a
Artificial Light lamp
 Diffuser – any of a variety of translucent materials
for filtering glare from a light source and
distributing the light over an extended area
 Louver – a finned or vaned device for controlling
the radiation from a light source
LIGHTING DESIGN
NATURAL and ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
 GOALS OF A LIGHTING DESIGN
The goal of a lighting design is to create an
efficient and pleasing interior. These two
requirements, that is utilitarian and aesthetic, are
not antithetical as is demonstrated by every good
lighting design. Light can, and should be used as
an adjunct architectural material.
a. Lighting levels should be adequate for efficient
Goals of Lighting sight of the particular task involved.
Design b. Lighting equipment should be unobtrusive, but
not necessarily invisible.
c. Lighting must have the proper quality.
d. The entire lighting design must be
accomplished efficiently in terms of capital and
energy resources; the former determined
principally by life-cycle costs and the latter by
operating energy costs and resource-energy
usage.
 Types of Lighting
 Ambient Lighting
 Task Lighting
Lighting Design
 Accent Lighting
 Decorative lighting
 Types of Lighting
 Ambient Lighting
 provides general illumination that renders a
uniform light level throughout the area or room.
 The best ambient light comes from sources that
bounce illumination off the ceiling and walls –
indirect lighting
Lighting Design  Indirect lighting – light arrives at a given surface
after being reflected from one or more surfaces.
This tends to cause less glare than downlights
 Downlights – lighting sources that direct light
downward.
 Dark ceiling makes this type of lighting ineffective
 Example – ceiling lights used to illuminate the
bedroom
 Types of Lighting
 Task lighting
 Has a job to do – it aids in performing work
and specific tasks
 Considering the types of tasks performed
and the body positions required to complete
Lighting Design them helps the designer make choices about
lighting.
 Example – kitchen counters and work tables, light
coming directly from the ceiling is blocked by the
human body or head, creating shadows on the work
surface rather than illumination
 Types of Lighting
 Accent lighting
 Also referred to as Focal lighting
 Accent lighting illuminates features, objects,
and/or specific areas.
 This type of lighting accents items or creates
Lighting Design focal points and can add a level of interest to
the general ambient lighting.
 Well-planned accent lighting puts the focus
on the desired objects rather than on the
light source or fixture.
 Generally, using only accent lighting in a room
without giving thought to ambient lighting
creates clusters of darkness within rooms.
 Types of Lighting
 Decorative lighting
 Decorative lighting is ornamental in nature and
provides interest based on its design and
material qualities.
 Unlike accent lighting, decorative lighting
Lighting Design functions to show itself off and make a visual
statement.
 Decorative lighting can be used to accent
elements and spaces or to add interest to
ambient lighting, yet its function is typically
secondary to the visual impact of the light
source itself.
 Example – chandelier
Lighting Design
Types of Lighting
 How we see color
 The eye responds differently to different colors.
It responds best to the green yellow area of the
spectrum and less to the blue violet or red ends.
 This also relates to moods; a bright room creates
a sense of well being and happiness while a dark
room creates a somber mood.
Lighting / Mood
 When light falls on an object its surface will
absorb some colors and reflect the rest. The
colors that we see are those that are reflected.
E.g. green objects reflect green light but absorb the rest and
blue objects reflect blue light while absorbing the rest. Black
objects absorb all light and white objects reflect all light.
 it is almost impossible to get a true black or a
true white.
Mood Lighting
A number of light fittings
combine to create the
mood of this space. The
pendant light in the kitchen
generates a bright, warm
light, whilst the adjustable
light in the dining area
highlights the dining
experience itself. The wall
lights articulate the
opening between the two
spaces.
Mood Lighting
The staircase above has
been very carefully lit to
highlight each step and
emphasize the direction of
movement. The yellow/red
glow at the top of the
stair becomes a focal point
to aim for.