Foundation Engineering
ECIV 4352
Bearing capacity of shallow foundation
Ultimate bearing capacity (qu)
Shear failure أﻗل ﺣﻣل ﻣﻘﺳوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﯾؤدي ﻟﺣدوث
· Allowable bearing capacity (qall)
Shear failure ﺣﻣل ﻣﻘﺳوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﺗﺗﺣﻣﻠﮫ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﺑدون ﺣدوث
qall should be adequate to prevent excessive settlement and shear failure
*Types of shear failure:•
1- General shear failure: For Dense sand.
2- Local shear failure: For Medium compaction soil.
3- Punching shear failure: For loose soil
Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations without eccentricity:
1- Terzaghi’s theory:
Assumption for Terzaghi’s theory:
The foundation is considered to be shallow if (D f <-B), in recent studies the
foundation is considered to be shallow if (D f/ B <- 4) f . Other wise it is considered to
be deep foundation.
Foundation is considered to be strip if (B / L 0.00).
the soil from ground surface( )ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔto the bottom of the foundation
()ﺳطﺢ اﻟﺗﺄﺳﯾسis replaced by stress q =yDf .
For General shear failure:
c: Cohesive.
q =yDf
B: Foundation width (Diameter if circular).
N c: Nq :N f , : Bearing capacity factors given from table 3.1 P.158 as function of angle
friction Q.
For Local shear failure:
2- Meyerhof’s equations (General bearing capacity equation):
Terzagi equations neglect:
*Rectangular footings.
* Inclination of loads.
* Shear strength of soil above the foundation.
Myerson's equation takes in consideration theses variables:
Shape Factors:
Effect of water table in bearing capacity equations:
Case I) Water table is located at depth Dw1 so that 0 ≤ Dw1 ≤ Df :
Case II) Water table is located at depth Dw2 below the foundation so that 0 ≤ Dw2 ≤ B:
Case III) Water table is located at depth Dw2 below the foundation so that Dw2 > B:
No changes in equations.
Factor of safety:
Ultimate bearing capacity ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﺳﺑﻧﺎ
وﻟﮭذا ﻻﯾﺟب اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﺑل ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم, وھذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﻣﺛل اﻻﺟﮭﺎد اﻟذي اذا اﺛر ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﺗﻧﮭﺎر ﻋﻧده
.ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻗل ﻣﻧﮫ وھذا ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻗﺳﻣﺔ ھذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل أﻣﺎن
Example 1)
Determine the size of square footings to carry gross allowable load (295 KN) given that:
Use Terzagi equations assuming general shear failure.
Example 2)
Determine the net allowable load that foundation can carry (no inclination), Use Meyer of equation given that:
Depth factors:
· Inclination
factors:
Due to absence of inclined load, the inclination factor is 1 every where.
Foundation Engineering
ECIV 4352
Bearing capacity of shallow foundation (cont.)
· Eccentrically loaded foundation:
:ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺗﻌرض اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة ﻟﺣﻣل ﻣرﻛز ﺑدون اﻧﺣراف ﻓﺎن ﺿﻐط اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﯾﻛون ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺎ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻣوﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﻔﺎﻧون ﺟﺎء ﺑﮭذه اﻟﺻورة ﻻن اﻟﻌزم اﻟﻣﺗوﻟد ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺳﺗوي اﻟﺿﻠﻊ B
وﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌزم ﻓﺎﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﺿﻠﻊ L
Derivation:
3- Fore > B/6: There will be tension stresses on the foundation which is
prohibited in design, so we will neglect the tension stress and
calculate qmax as follow:
وﺟود اﻧﺣراف ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﯾﺟﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺣﺎﻣل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻗل ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻻﺻﻠﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ
ﻧﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﺧرﯾﻛون اﻟﺣﻣل ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻف ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ:
Example
Determine the size of square footing (B x B) that subjected to vertical load
(100,000Ib) and moment (25,[Link]), the soil profile is given below:
Example
Rectangular footing is subjected to two way eccentricity. Determine
the gross ultimate load that foundation can carry given that:
· Depth factors:
· Inclination
factors:
Due to absence of inclined load, the inclination factor is 1 every where.
Ultimate Bearing capacity of Shallow Foundation :
Special Cases
Bearing capacity of layered soils :
Stronger soil Underlain by Weaker Soil
37
Foundation Supported by a soil with Rigid base at Shallow Depth
Bearing capacity of layered soils :
Stronger soil Underlain by Weaker Soil
Foundation Engineering
ECIV 4352
Bearing capacity of shallow foundation (Cont.)
Bearing capacity of layered soil
In practice the foundation may be based on layered soil profile, or in some times we
have
to replace adequate thickness of weak soil by stronger one.
Calculating the ultimate bearing capacity for such case have some different as that
will be shown below.
For continuous foundation:
When the top layer height (H) is relatively large, the failure surface will occur in the top
layer and so u q = 1 q
Otherwise there will be punching shear failure in the top layer and then general she
failure in the bottom layer.
For rectangular foundation:
Example 1)
Rectangular footing 1.5m x 1m based on the soil profile shown below;
find the gross allowable load that foundation can carry.
Special case III
Bearing Capacity of foundation on top of slope
For continuous shallow foundation:
Example 2)
For the shown soil profile determine the ultimate bearing capacity of the continuous
foundation.
