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Module 1 Lesson 2 QC2 LEC

This document discusses spectrophotometric analysis and calculation. It covers: 1) Spectrophotometric analysis measures light absorption or emission properties and is commonly used in the laboratory. 2) Beer's law states that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration, allowing for determination of unknown concentrations. 3) Calculations use absorbance measurements of unknown and standard samples along with their concentrations to determine properties like amount, purity, or percentage of labeled amount in a sample.

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Krisel Aguilar
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30 views41 pages

Module 1 Lesson 2 QC2 LEC

This document discusses spectrophotometric analysis and calculation. It covers: 1) Spectrophotometric analysis measures light absorption or emission properties and is commonly used in the laboratory. 2) Beer's law states that absorbance is directly proportional to concentration, allowing for determination of unknown concentrations. 3) Calculations use absorbance measurements of unknown and standard samples along with their concentrations to determine properties like amount, purity, or percentage of labeled amount in a sample.

Uploaded by

Krisel Aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PHARM.

ANALYSIS 2 LEC-MODULE 1

Saffia A. Abu-shendi
§Photometry is the science
of measuring visible light in
units that are weighted
LESSON 2: according to the sensitivity
SPECTROMETRIC of the human eye.
CALCULATION §This measurement is used
to determine the amount of
an analyte in a solution
or liquid.
§ Is the measurement of light.
§ It is the most commonly used measurement in the
laboratory because light can undergo
§ Absorption – spectrophotometry
§ Scatter – nephelometry
§ Reflection – turbidimetry
§ Emission – flame spectroscopy
§ Fluorescence – fluorometry
§ Light is a form of electromagnetic energy that appears to
travel in waves.
§ The wavelength or distance between peaks of light waves is a
function of its energy.
§ As the wavelength is increased, emitted energy is decreased.
§ As the wavelength is decreased, emitted energy is increased.
§ The color of light is a function of its wavelength.
§ A law stating that the power of a transmitted radiant
beam decreases exponentially as the concentration
of the solution containing the absorbing chemical
species increases arithmetically.
§ According to this
law, the amount
of light absorbed
is directly
proportional to
the
concentration of
solute in the
solution under
analysis.
§ Where:
§ A = absorbance
§ a = absorptivity coefficient
(constant)
§ b = length of light path
(constant)
§ C = concentration
§ The term “absorbance” is used to represent the
logarithm of transmittance.
§ Absorbance increases linearly with concentration.
§ Absorbance is also known as “optical activity”,
“absorbancy” or “extinction coefficient”.
§ In spectrophotometric analysis, the absorbance of an
unknown concentration (u) of a particular constituent
is compared with the absorbance of a known
concentration (s).
§Au / As = Cu / Cs
§ It states that the power of a transmitted radiant beam
decreases exponentially as the thickness of the
solution containing the absorbing chemical species
increases arithmetically.
§ Thickness is inversely proportional to transmittance
and directly proportional to absorbance.
§ A combination of the above laws and relates the
power of the incident beam and transmitted beam to
the thickness and concentration of the solution
containing the absorbing chemical species.
§ Calculation step:
§1-Determine the concentration of active constituent (Cu) in the final dilution.
§ Cu = Au/As x Cs

§2- Determine the concentration of the sample (U) taken in the final dilution.
§ U = wt/mL x # of dilutions

§ 3-Determine the quantity of the active constituent in a given quantity of


sample.
§ Amount/tab = Cu/U x Average weight of tablet

§ 4- Compute for the % labeled amount.


§ % LA = Amount per tablet x 100%
§ Labeled claim
§ Calculation step:
§1-Determine the concentration of reference standard (Cs) in the final dilution.
§ Cs = wt/mL x # dilutions

§2-Determine the concentration of trioxalen (Cu) in the final dilution using the
spectrometric equation
§ Cu = Au/As x Cs

§ 3- Determine the concentration of sample present in the final dilution.


§ U = wt/mL x # dilutions

§ 4- Determine the % purity.


§ % purity = Cu/U x 100%

§ Short- Method : % Purity = Au/As x S/U x 100%

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