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Electronic Component

This document provides an overview of electronic components. It defines electronic components as discrete devices that are part of an electronic system and affect electrons or associated fields. Components have terminals that connect them to create circuits with specific functions. Components are classified as either passive, active, or electromechanical. Passive components cannot introduce energy to a circuit or rely on an external power source, whereas active components require an external energy source and can amplify signals. Electromechanical components use moving parts or electrical connections to perform functions. Common passive components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.

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45 views4 pages

Electronic Component

This document provides an overview of electronic components. It defines electronic components as discrete devices that are part of an electronic system and affect electrons or associated fields. Components have terminals that connect them to create circuits with specific functions. Components are classified as either passive, active, or electromechanical. Passive components cannot introduce energy to a circuit or rely on an external power source, whereas active components require an external energy source and can amplify signals. Electromechanical components use moving parts or electrical connections to perform functions. Common passive components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.

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Contents


(Top)


Classification


Active components

 
Passive components

 
Electromechanical devices


Standard symbols

See also

References

Electronic component

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Various electronic components,


with a 15 cm ruler to scale.
An electronic component is any basic discrete electronic device or physical entity part of an
electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components are
mostly industrial products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with electrical
elements, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components and
elements.

Electronic components have a number of electrical terminals or leads. These leads connect to
other electrical components, often over wire, to create an electronic circuit with a particular
function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Basic electronic components
may be packaged discretely, as arrays or networks of like components, or integrated inside of
packages such as semiconductor integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, or thick film
devices. The following list of electronic components focuses on the discrete version of these
components, treating such packages as components in their own right.

Classification
Components can be classified as passive, active, or electromechanic. The strict physics definition
treats passive components as ones that cannot supply energy themselves, whereas a battery
would be seen as an active component since it truly acts as a source of energy.

However, electronic engineers who perform circuit analysis use a more restrictive definition of
passivity. When only concerned with the energy of signals, it is convenient to ignore the so-
called DC circuit and pretend that the power supplying components such as transistors or
integrated circuits is absent (as if each such component had its own battery built in), though it
may in reality be supplied by the DC circuit. Then, the analysis only concerns the AC circuit, an
abstraction that ignores DC voltages and currents (and the power associated with them) present
in the real-life circuit. This fiction, for instance, lets us view an oscillator as "producing energy"
even though in reality the oscillator consumes even more energy from a DC power supply, which
we have chosen to ignore. Under that restriction, we define the terms as used in circuit analysis
as:

 Active components rely on a source of energy (usually from the DC circuit, which we
have chosen to ignore) and usually can inject power into a circuit, though this is not part
of the definition.[1] Active components include amplifying components such as
transistors, triode vacuum tubes (valves), and tunnel diodes.
 Passive components cannot introduce net energy into the circuit. They also cannot rely
on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are
connected to. As a consequence, they cannot amplify (increase the power of a signal),
although they may increase a voltage or current (such as is done by a transformer or
resonant circuit). Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors,
capacitors, inductors, and transformers.
 Electromechanical components can carry out electrical operations by using moving
parts or by using electrical connections
Most passive components with more than two terminals can be described in terms of two-port
parameters that satisfy the principle of reciprocity—though there are rare exceptions.[2] In
contrast, active components (with more than two terminals) generally lack that property.

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