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CITIZEN'S ATLAS
Or 428 WOR Oo
JOHN BARTHOLOMEW
M.C., M.A., F:R.S.E., F.R.G.S.. Cartographer to H.M. the King

FIFTH EDITION
JOHN BARTHOLOMEW AND SON LIMITED THE GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE, EDINBURGH F355
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PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY JOHN BARTHOLOMEW AND SON LIMITED EDINBURGH

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Vill.
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10, 12,13 14, ES 16, 18, 20, 22,
26, 28, 30,
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40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 32;.a3 54, 55 oO, a7 58, 59 60 61 63 65 67 69
49 51
62, 64, 66, 68,
74,
80, 82, 84,
CONTENTS
ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE NAMES PRINCIPAL JOURNEYS OF EXPLORATION
GREAT MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES AND INLAND
SEAS ROUTE CHART OF EXPLORATION PRINCIPAL LANDS GIVING POPULATION PRINCIPAL CITIES
GIVING POPULATION WORLD POPULATION THE BRITISH EMPIRE
GREAT SHIP CANALS AND GREAT BRIDGES
COLOURED MAPS MARINE CODE FLAGS FLAGS OF THE NATIONS CELESTIAL HEMISPHERES WORLD—
PHYSICAL WORLD—TEMPERATURE WORLD—RAINFALL
WORLD—VEGETATION AND OCEAN CURRENTS
WORLD—OCCUPATIONS OF MAN
WORLD—POPULATION, RACES AND RELIGIONS
WORLD—POLITICAL DIVISIONS WORLD—TIME ZONES
WORLD—TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES
WORLD—AIR MAIL ROUTES NORTH POLAR REGIONS SOUTH POLAR REGIONS NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
EUROPE—PHYSICAL EUROPE—POLITICAL EUROPE—RACES EUROPE—POPULATION BRITISH ISLES—
POLITICAL BRITISH ISLES—PHYSICAL

a a |
: 40,000,000 : 40,000,000
: 15,000,000 : 15,000,000 : 15,000,000 : 15,000,000
l 1
: 3,000,000 : 6,500,000
BRITISH ISLES—RAINFALL anp TEMPERATURE 1 : 4,400,000 1 : 4,400,000
BRITISH ISLES—RAILWAYS BRITISH ISLES—ROADS ENGLAND—SOUTH-EAST LONDON DISTRICT
ENGLAND—SOUTH-WEST SOUTH WALES
NORTH WALES AND MIDLANDS ENGLAND—EAST CENTRAL ENGLAND—NORTH SCOTLAND—SOUTH SCOTLAND
—CENTRAL SCOTLAND—NORTH WESTERN ISLES
ORKNEY AND SHETLAND IRELAND—NORTH IRELAND—EAST IRELAND—WEST IRELAND—SOUTH
SCANDINAVIA AND FINLAND SOUTHERN NORWAY POLAND AND BALTIC STATES GERMANY
RHINELAND
DENMARK
HOLLAND
BELGIUM
SWITZERLAND
FRANCE
BRITTANY AND NORMANDY NORTHERN FRANCE
COTE D'AZUR
ell coe oo ee a
eS eS ot
: 633,600 : 253,440 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 :
633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600 : 633,600
: 633,600 :- 633,600 : 4,900,000 : 2,000,000 : 6,000,000 : 3,000,000 : 1,000,000 :
1,650,000 : 1,200,000 : 1,000,000 1 : 944,000 : 3,000,000 : 1,000,000
eel cel ed ee ee oo ee oe 9
: 1,000,000
: 1,000,000
YS
100
104, 106, 108, 110, ate,
120, 122,
124,
130, 132, 134, 136,
|
140, 142, 144,
146, 148, 150,
154, 156, 158, 160,
164,
: 633,600 |
168, 170, 172,
176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186,
190,
ee
88,
90,
c 16 c
10] 102 103 105 107 109 11] 113 114 115
re SY
118 119 121 123 125 126 127 129 131 133 135 137 138 139 141 143 145 147 149 151 152
153 155 157 159 161
162 163 165 166 167 169 171 173 174 175 177 179 181
183 185 187 188 189 191
192
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
ITALY
CENTRAL EUROPEAN STATES GREECE AND ALBANIA ROMANIA AND BULGARIA U.S.S.R. IN EUROPE
U.S.S.R. IN
TURKISTAN
PALESTINE AND SYRIA
TURKEY, PERSIA AND
INDIA
CENTRAL INDIA
SOUTHERN INDIA AND CEYLON
CHINA AND JAPAN
NORTHERN CHINA
EASTERN CHINA
CENTRAL JAPAN
JAPAN
INDO-CHINA
MALAY ARCHIPELAGO
AFRICA
NORTH-WEST AFRICA
ALGERIA AND MOROCCO
EGYPT
NORTH-EAST AFRICA
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AFRICA
EAST AFRICA
TRANSVAAL, O.F:S.
CAPE PROVINCE
NORTH AMERICA
NEWFOUNDLAND
CANADA
EASTERN CANADA
CENTRAL CANADA
WESTERN CANADA
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
MIDDLE EASTERN STATES
NEW ENGLAND STATES
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
NORTH CENTRAL STATES
SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
WESTERN STATES
MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES
MIDDLE MEXICO
CENTRAL AMERICA
GREATER ANTILLES
LESSER ANTILLES
SOUTH AMERICA
SOUTH AMERICA—NORTH-WEST
SOUTH AMERICA—CENTRAL
MIDDLE ARGENTINA AND CHILE
EASTERN BRAZIL
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA
THE PACIFIC
AUSTRALIA
SOUTH-EAST AUSTRALIA
VICTORIA AND SOUTHERN N.S.W.
QUEENSLAND
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
TASMANIA
NEW GUINEA
NEW ZEALAND
ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC
ASIA
ARABIA
AND NATAL
INDEX TO GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.
}
— es Le
Se ee
— et
] 1 ] 1 1
: Bi
: 3,000,000 : 3,000,000 : 3,000,000 : 3,000,000 : 3,000,000
: 10,000,000 : 33,000,000 : 17,500,000
; 9,300,000 : 4,000,000
: 10,000,000 : 10,000,000
: 4,000,000 : 4,000,000
: 15,000,000
: 6,000,000 : 6,000,000 : 3,000,000
: 10,000,000 : 10,000,000 ° ; 10,000,000 ; 23,000,000 : 12,000,000
: 5,000,000 : 5,000,000
: 12,000,000 : 12,000,000
: 5,000,000 : 2,500,000 : 2,500,000 33,500,000
1 : 2,500,000
z3
] 1
13,600,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000
1 : 5,000,000
ye
ne ee
L: 1 1 1 1
a
1:
1: 1 1
te
| =
1 1 ] ] l
1: ] l
12,500,000 : 2,500,000 : 2,900,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000
14,300,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 25,300,000 10,000,000
10,000,000 : 5,000,000 : 5,000,000 10,000,000 50,000,000 10,000,000 : 6,000,000
- 2,500,000 : 6,000,000
; 6,000,000 : 2,500,000 10,000,000 : 3,700,000 : 3,000,000

CORRIGENDA. .
Pages 88-89. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. Natural Scale 1 :1,000,000 should read 1 :
3,000,000
Pages 92-93. CENTRAL EUROPEAN STATES. Natural Scale 1: 1,000,000 should read 1 :
3,000,000

KTYMOLOGY OF PLACE NAMES

AND MEANING OF GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS
A (Swed.), river.
Aa (Dan. and Norw.).
Ab (Pers.), water.
Abad (Pers.), town
Aber (Celt.), at the confluence or river.
Abh, Aff, Avie, Aive, Av (Gael.), water.
Abhuinn, Amhuinn, Avon (Gael.), river.
Abiad (Arab.), white.
Aborigines, earliest known inhabitants of a country,
Abu (A4rab.), father.
Ach, Achadh, Auch, Auchen (Gael.), field, plain, or meadow.
Acker (Old Norse), open country, untilled land.
Ada (Turk.), island.
Aiguille (French), mountain peak.
Ail, Aill, Al (Old Gael.), rock,
Aillse (Gael.), fairy, elf.
Ain (Arab.), well.
Ainos, distinct race inhabiting Hokkaido and Karafuto, Japan.
Aird (Gael.), promontory.
Airidh (Gael.), green place in the hills, shealing.
Ak (Turk.), white.
Aka (Japanese), red.
Akaba (Arabic), pass.
Allt, Ald, Auld, Ault (Gael.). stream’
Alluvium, fine sand or soil deposited by action of water in low-lying situations.
Alsé.(Hung.), lower, inferior, under.
Alt (Germ.), old.
Alto (/tal., Portuguese, Spanish), high.
Alv, elv, elf (Scand.). river.
Ano (Greek), upper.
Anse (French), bay, big
Antipodes, that part of the earth diametrically Opposite to our feet: on same
meridian, but with Jatitude and seasons reversed.
Ar, Aray, Ary (Gael.), smooth water.
Aral (Mong.), island.
Ard, Airde (Celt.), high, a height.
Arn, Ern (Teut.), place, dwelling, house.
Arroio, Arroyo (Port. and Span.), a stream.
Artesian Well, water supply obtained by boring to deep rock strata.
Aspros (Greek), white.
Atolls, circular coral reefs.
Auch (Gael.), a field.
Auchter, Ochter (Gael.). summit, upper.
Avalanche, mass of loosened snow, ice and earth, descending swiftly down the slopes
of mountains.
Azrek (Arab.), blue.
Bab (Arab.), gate.
Bad (Germ.), mineral spring.
Bahia (Port.), bay.
Bahr (Arab.), river, sea.
Bair (Turk.), hill,
Bajo (Span.), under, low.
Bal (Gael.), place, town.
Bala (Pers. and Turk.), upper.
Balkan (Turk.), mountain.
Bally, Baile (Jrish), town, village.
Balta (Romanian), lake, marsh.
Ban (Gael.), white.
Ban (Siamese), village.
Bandar (Sansc.), port, town.
Banja (Bulg. and Serb.), bath: (Hung.), mine.
Bar, mass of gravel, sand, or mud at the mouth of a river.
Bar (Sansc.), country.
Barra (Spanish), sand bank.
Bas (French), low, low lying.
Basin, area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
Basso (/talian), lower.
Batang (Malay), river.
Battle, Botl (Old Eng.), a dwelling.
Batu (Malay), rock, stone.
Bazar (Turk.), town.
Beaches, Raised, lines of former sea shore, left dry by rise in the land.
Beag, Beg (Gael.), small.
Beau, Belle (French), beautiful.
Beck, Bach (Teut.), brook.
Bedd (Welsh), a grave.
Beit, Beth (Arad.), house.
Ben, Pen (Gael.), mountain.
Bender (Pers.), harbour.
Beni (Arab.), sons of.
Beo, Bel (Serb.), Byelo (Russ.), white.
Berg, Bjerg (Germ. and Scand.), mountain.
Bhum (/xdian), country.
river.
mouth of a
needle : pinnacle, pointed
rocky steep
the
| rnt
|
}

Bialy, Bielo, Bily (Slav.), white.

Bianco (Jtalian), white.
Bilad, Beled (Arab.), land, country.
Bir (Arab.), well.
Birkeh, Birket (Arvab.), artificial
Blair, Blar (Gael.), a plain - held.
Blanc (French), Blanco (Spanish), white.
Bocca (Jtal.), a mouth.
Bod, Bo (Norse), a home, dwelling.
Bog (Gael.), soft, miry, damp.
Bolshoi (Russ.), great.
Bora, dry cold N.E. wind of winter and spring on the Dalmatian coast of the
Adriatic Sea.
Bore or Eagre, tidal wave in the estuaries of several rivers.
Bosch (Dutch), forest.
Bost (Norse), farmhouse or dwelling.
Bouche (French), mouth.
Brae (Norse), height, hill, slope.
Brdo (Czech ), hill.
Breac, Brac (Gael.), spotted, piebald.
Breg (Serb.), hill.
Brod (S/av.), a ford.
Brunn (German), spring, well.
Bugt, Bukt (Danish and Swedish). bay.
Burun (Turk.), cape, headland.
Bush, interior, uncultivated scrubland of Australia.
Butte (French), hill or raised ground above a plain.
By (Norw.), town, dwelling.
Cabo (Port. and Span.), cape.
Cachoeira (Port.), waterfall.
Caer, Car (Ceit.), fortified place.
Cairn, Carn (Gael.), heap of stones, rocky mound.
Cam (Gael.), crooked, winding.
Campo (Ital., Spanish), a plain.
Cafion, Canyon (Spanish), deep gorge or ravine formed by river erasion.
Carrick, Carraig (Celtic), a rock.
Carse (Norse), low alluvial land along a river.
Casa (/talian, Spanish), a house.
Casale (/talian), hamlet.
Castelho (Portuguese), Castello (Ital.), Castillo
(Span.), castle.
Caster, Cester, Chester (Lat. Castra), camp.
Ceann, Kin or Ken (Gael.), head, promontory.
Cerro (Sfan.), mountain peak.
Chapada (Portuguese), high level land.
Cherny (Slav.), black.
Chinook, warm dry wind blowing E. from the Rocky Mountains.
Chorion (Greek), village.
Chow (Chinese), town of the second rank.
Chrebet (Russ.), mountain chain.
Cidade (Portuguese), town.
Cima (/talian), mountain peak.
Citta ([talian), city, town.
Ciudad (Spanish), city, town.
Cnoc or Knock (Gael.), hill, mound.
Coed (Welsh), a wood.
Coille, Kel, Killie (Gael.), a wood.
Col (French), pass; (Ital.) Colle.
Combe, Cum (Sax.), a valley.
Contour or Isohyp, line drawn on maps, joining places of equal height above sea-
level.
Cordillera (Span.), mountain chain.
Couloir, steep narrow gorge on the side of a mountain.
Crater (Greek), cup-shaped cavity forming the mouth of a volcano.
Crevasse, fissure in a glacier or ice sheet.
Croce (Jtal.), Croix (French), Cruz (Span.), a cross,
Cumbre (Spanish), summit, peak.
Czarny (Polish), Cherny (Russian), black.
Daban (Mongolian), a pass
Dagh (Turk.), mountain.
Dal (Norweg., Swed.), valley.
Dar (Arab.), land.
Darya (Pers.), sea, stream.
Deccan (Jnd.), south land.
De jos (Romanian), under, lower.
Delta, alluvial tract at the mouths of large rivers.
Den (Gothic), town.
Den, Dean, Dene (Anglo-Sax.), wooded hollow
Derbend (Pers.), castle ; a pass.
Dere (Turk.), valley.
Derry (Gael.), oak thicket.
De sus (Romanian), upper, higher.
Deva (Sansc.), god.
Diva, Diu (Jnd.), island.
pool, or tank. originally a battle-
ts issetsesessnssstsstetsnenesteneneernsueen
LS Sseessssssssssssessssssssstensnsiasessnnes
a
Doldrums, region of calms and baffling winds near the equator.
Dolina (Russ.), valley.
Dolny (Polish), lower.
Donga (Kaffir), ravine, gulley.
Dorf (Germ.). Dorp (Dutch), village
Drift (Afrikaans), a ford.
Drum, Drom (Gaei.), backbone, ridge.
Dubh (Gaeil.), black. Dun (Ce/t.), Dinas (Welsh), hill, fort, castle. Dunes, mounds
formed by wind-blown sand. Eiland (Dutch), island.
Eilean (Gael.), island.
El or Al (A rab.), the. =
Elf (Swed.), river. See Alv.
Ennis (Jrish), island.
Ensenada (Spanish), cove, creek. bay.
Erdé (Hung.), forest.
Esk (Gael.), water or river.
Eski (Turk.), old.
Estero (Spanish), estuary, lagoon.
tang (French), marsh, lagoon, pond.
Ey (Celt. and Norse), island.
Fair, Far (Norse), sheep.
Falva (Hung.), village.
Fehér (Hung.), white.
Feketa (Hung.), black.
Fell, Fjall (Swed.), mountain.
Felsé (Hung.), upper.
Fen (Anglo-Saxon), swampy or boggy land.
Field, Fjeld (Norse), mountain range.
Fionn, Fin, Fyne (Gael.), fair, white.
Firn (Ger.), glacier-forming granular snow of high mountains; (French), Nevé.
Fiume (Jtalian), river.
Fjord (Dan. and Norw.), bay.
Féhn, dry, warm wind of the Alps.
Fork, arm or contributary branch of a river.
Forties, Long, submarine ridge 40 to 50 fathoms deep in the North Sea.
Fos, Fors (Scandinavian), waterfall.
Fu (Chin:), town of importance.
Fumaroles (Jtalian), vents or hot springs in volcanic regions.
Furka (Latin), a fork, mountain pass.
Gamle (Norw.), Gammal (Swed.), old.
Ganga (Jndian), a river.
Garth (Gael.), enclosed place, farm.
Gawa or Kawa (/ap.), river.
Geysers, intermittent hot springs in Iceland and the Yellowstone Park, U.S.A.
Giri (Jnd.), hill.
Glaciers, rivers of ice, moving slowly down mountain valleys to break off as
icebergs on reaching the sea.
Gok (Turkish), blue.
Gol (Mongolian), river, Gél (Turkish), lake.
Gora (Slav.), mountain.
Gorm (Gael.), blue.
Gorny (Polish), upper.
Gorod, Grad (Russ.), town.
Grad (Bulg. and Serb.), town.
Groot (Dutch), great, large.
Guada (Arab.), river.
Guba (Russian), bay.
Gunong (Mal.), hill.
Hacienda (Span.), cattle ranch.
Haf (Swedish), sea.
Hagios (Greek), holy, saint.
Hai (Chin.), sea.
Haji (Arab.), a pilgrim; Haj, pilgrimage.
Ham (Sax.), a home, a hamlet.
Hamn (Swedish), harbour.
Hamun (Persian), salt marsh.
Harmattan, hot, parching dust-laden wind blowing from the desert over the Gulf of
Guinea from December to February.
Haut, Haute (French), high.
Havn (Danish), harbour.
Havre (French), harbour, port.
Hegy (Hung.), hill.
Hely (Hung.), place.
Hian (Chin.), town.
Hima (Sansc.), cold, snow.
Hinterland, the region inland from the coastal strip occupied by the first
colonists, and claimed by them.
Hira (/ap.), plain.
Hissar (Turk.), castle.
Ho (Chin.), river.
Hoang, Hwang (Chin.), yellow.
Hoek (Dutch), cape.
Hohe (German), height, hill.
Holm (Swed.), island.
Hoog (Dutch), high,

ETYMOLOGY OF PLACE NAMES—continied.

Horse Latitudes, regions of calms and variable winds between 25° and 40° N. & S.
latitudes.
Hoved (Danish), cape.
Hrad (Czech.), fort, castle.
Hsi (Chinese), west.
Hsien (Chinese), town of the third class.
Hu (Chinese), lake.
Huerta (Spanish), orchard, fruit garden.
Huis (Dutch), house.
Hung (Chin.), red.
Hurst (Sax.), a forest.
Icebergs, masses of ice found floating in the Polar Seas and the Atlantic. They are
detached pieces of glaciers.
Ile, Isle, Ilha (French and Port.), island.
Inch (Scot.), island.
Inferieur (French), Inferiore (/taliam), lower.
Innis, Ennis (Ce/t.), island.
Inver (Gael.), at the mouth of a river.
Irmak (Turk.), river.
Isla (Spanish), Isola (Italian), island.
Isobars, lines on a map, connecting places of the same mean barometric pressure.
Isobaths, lines on a chart, connecting parts of the ocean of similar depths.
Isohyets, lines connecting places with the same rainfall.
Isohyps, contour lines connecting places of the same height.
Isotherms, lines connecting places with the same mean temperature.
Jama (/ap.), mountain.
jaur, Javr, Jarvi (Finnish), lake.
Jebel or Gebel (Avadb.), mountain.
Jeni (Turk.), new.
Jesero (Serbian), lake.
Joch (German), mountain ridge, pass.
Joki (Finnish), river.
Jékull (Jcel.), glacier, iceberg.
Jug (Serbian), Yug (Russian), south.
Kaleh (Turk.), fortress.
Kali (Malay), river.
Kamen (Russ.), rock, stone.
Kami (/ap.), above.
Kampong (Malay), village.
Kand (Jrdian), land, country.
Kapu (7urk.), gate.
Kara (Turk.), black.
Karroos, terraced plains, between the mountains of S. Africa. Covered by vegetation
only during the rainy season.
Kastron (Greek), a castle.
Kato (Greek), under.
Kebir (Arad.), great.
Kereszt (Hizgarian), a cross.
Kesr, Kasr (Arad.), castle.
Khamsin (Arab. ‘‘ Fifty”), hot, dry, dust and sand-laden wind, blowing over Egypt
between April and June.
Kiang (Chin.), river.
Kill, Kirk (Gael.), church.
Kip (Gael.), stump, block, cap.
Kis (Hung.), small, little.
Kizil, Kyzil (Turk.), red.
Kloof (Afrikaans), ravine, gorge, defile.
Klyuch (Russian), a spring.
Ko (/ap.), small. |
Koh (Siam.), island.
Kop (Dutch), head, hill.
Kraal (Port. Curral), native dwelling in S. Africa.
Krans (Afrikaans), cliff, precipice.
Krasny (Russ.), red.
Kuh (Pers.), mountain.
Kum (Turkish), sand.
Kuni (/ap.), land.
Kuro (/Jap.), black.
Kyle or Caol (Gael.), a strait.
La (Tibetan), pass.
Lac (French), Lacul (Romanian), lake.
Lago (Jial., Port., Span.), lake. Lagéa (Port.), marsh,
Laguna (Ital., Spanish), marsh
Lande (French), heath or waste land.
Latitude, angular distance of a place N. or S. of the equator, measured on its
meridian.
Law (Scotch), a hill.
Leukos, Levkos (Greek), white.
Levante (Italian), east.
Levees, embankments against river floods.
Ley (Sax.), a meadow.
Liden, Lille (Danish), little, small.
Liman (Turk.), bay.
Lin, Lynn (Cc/t.), lake or pool.
Ling (Chin.), mountain.
Linn (Celtic), water-fall.
Lian (Welsh), church.
Llano (Sfan.), plain.
Loch, Lough (Celtic), lake.
Longitude, the angular distance of any place E. or W. of a standard meridian such
as Greenwich,

Maggiore (/tal.), greater.

Magh, Machair (Gael.), field, plain.
Magyars, native name of the Hungarians.
Makros (Greek), long, great.
Maly (S/av.), small.
Marais (French), marsh.
Mare (Romaztan), yreat.
Mauros, Mavros (Greck), black.
Mawr (Welsh), great.
Mayor (Spanish), greater.
Me (Siam.), river.
Medine (Avab.), town.
Megalos (Greek), great.
Menor (Spanish), lesser.
Mer (French), Meer (German), sea.
Meridian, imaginary line represented by a portion of a circle passing through the
earth’s two poles and on which all places have noon at the some time.
Mhor (Gael.), great.
Miasto (Polish), town.
Mic (Romanian), little.
Mikros (Greek), small.
Mistral, dry, cold wind on south coast of France.
Monsoons, periodical winds of the Indian Ocean and adjacent lands.
Mont (French),.Monte (Jtal.), mount.
Montagna (/tal.), Montana (Sfan.), mountain range.
Morro (Portuguese),
Morye (Russia), sea.
Most (S/av.), bridge.
Muang (Siamese), town.
Mull (Gael.), long promontory.
Mura (/ap.), village.
Myo (Burm.), town.
Mys (Russian), cape.
Nad (Jndian), river.
Nada (/ap.), bay.
Nagar (Jidian), town.
Nagy (Hung.), great.
Nahr (Arabic), river.
Nam (Siamese), river.
Nan (Chin.), south.
Nant (Ce/t.)., brook or valley.
Nas (Scandinavian), cape.
Negri (Malay), town. country.
Negro (Spav.), black.
Nejd (Arabic), high plain.
Német (Hung.), German.
Ness (Gael.), promontory.
Neuf, Neuve (French), new.
Nevé (French), glacier-forming granular snow of high mountains; (German), Firn.
Nizhni, Nijni (Russ.), lower.
Noir (French), black.
Nor (Mong.), lake.
Nos (Russ.), cape.
Nou (Romanian), new.
Novy (Russian), Nowy (Polish), new.
Nuevo (Spanish), Nuovo (Italian), new.
Ny (Danish, Swedish), new.
O (Hungarian), old ; O (Dan., Swed.), island.
O (Japanese), great.
Oasis, fertile spot in desert.
Odde (Danish), point, cape.
Ola (Mongolian), mountain range.
Orang (Malay), man.
Orman (Turk.), forest.
Orszag (Hungarian), country, land.
Ostrof (Russ.), island.
Over ((Norweg., Swed.), upper.
Ozero (Russ.), lake.
Oud (Dutch), old.
Pab, Pap (Norse), priest.
Padang (Malay), plain.
Palaios (Greek), ancient, old.
Pampas, treeless, grassy plains in S. America.
Patam (Sansc.), a town.
Pe (Chin.), north.
Petia (Span.), rock.
Petit (French), small.
Phu (Siamese), mountain.
Piccolo (Italian), little.
Piz, Pizzo (Jtalian), peak.
Planina (Bulg.), mountain range.
Pnom (Cambodian), mountain.
Polder (Dutch), land recovered from the sea.
Ponente (Jtaltzan), evening, west.
Pont (French), Ponte (Ital., Span.), bridge.
Porto (Italian), Puerto (Spanish), port, harbour.
Potamos (Greek), river.
Praia (Portuguese), beach, shore.
Pristan (Russian), port, harbour.
Puebla (Span.), village.
Pulo (Malay), island.
Punta (I¢tal., Spanish), cape, point.
Pur, Pura (Jndian), town.
Puszta (Hungarian), heath, steppe.
Rade (French), roadstead.
Ras (Arab.), cape.
Rath, Rait (Gael.), fort, town.
mountain.

Reede, Rhede (German), roadstead.

Ria (Port.), narrow bay at mouth of river.
Ribeiro (Portuguese), river, stream.
Rieka (S/av.), river.
Rio (Span., [tal., Port.), Ria (Romanian), river.
Roaring Forties, stormy winds between lat. 40° and 60° S.
Ros, Ross (Gael.), a promontory.
Rud (Persian), river.
Sahara (Arab.), great desert.
| Sai (Siam.), sand. | Saki (/ap.), cape. | San, Santa (/tal., Span.), Sao (Port.),
saint.
Scour, Sgur (Gael.), sharp-peaked hill.
Sebkha (Arabic), salt lake.
Selo (Bulg., Russian), village.
Selva (Portuguese), forest.
Sfantu (Rom.), holy, saint.
Shan (Chin.), mountain.
Shat (Arab.), coast.
Shee, Sidh, Sith (Gael.), a fairy.
Shehr (Pers. and Turk.), town.
Shima (/a~.), island.
Shin (/ap.), land.
Shiro (/ap.), white.
Shotts (Arabic), salt, marshy lakes of N. Algeria.
Sierra (Sfan.) Serra (Port.), mountain chain.
Sjé (Swedish), Se (Norwegian), lake.
Slieve (Jrish), mountain.
Song (Mongolian), river.
Sous (French), under.
Spruit (Afrikaans), stream, small river.
Sredny (S/av.), central.
Sron, Stron (Gael.), a nose.
Stad, Stadt (Dutch, Swedish, German), town.
Stan (Pers.), land or country.
Star, Stary (Serb. and Buig.), old.
Stob (Gael.), pointed hill.
Stor (Swed.), great.
Strath (Gael.), long, wide valley.
Su (Turkish), water.
Sudd (Arabic), barrier. Floating trees and other vegetation impeding navigation on
Upper Nile.
Sveti, Svyetoi (S/av.) saint.
Syd (Danish, Norwegian), south.
Szent (Hungarian), saint.
Sziget (Hungarian), island.
Tai (Jap.), great.
Takai (/ap.), high.
Take, dake (/ap.), mountain.
Tala (Mong.), desert.
Tani (/ap.), valley.
Tanjong (Malay), cape.
Tau (Turk.), mountain.
Tell (Arab.), hill, mound.
Tepe (Turkish), hill, peak.
Thian (Chin.), heaven.
Thorpe (Old English), village.
Tigh, Tay (Gael.), a house.
Timor (Malay), east.
Tind (Norwegian), peak.
To (/ap.), island.
Tobar, Tober (Gael.), well, spring.
Trade Winds, regular winds of the tropics between latitudes 30° N. and 30° S.
blowing towards the equator.
Trask (Finnish), marsh, lake.
Tundras, dreary, mossy, marshy plains along the arctic coast of N. Russia.
Tung (Chin.), east.
Typhoon, hurricane, blowing in the China Sea in August, September and October.
U (Bantu), country.
Uj (Hung.), new.
Ula (Mongolian), mountain.
Ulu (Turk.), large.
Ust, Ustye (Russian), a mouth.
Utan (Malay), forest.
Vand (Norw.), water, lake.
Var, Varos (Hung.), town.
Vatn (Norw.), lake.
Veld (Afrikaans), high open plain.
Velik (Slav.), great.
Verkhni (Russ.), upper.
Viejo (Span.), Vieux, Vieille (French), old.
Villa (Span.), town.
Vlei (Afrikaans), a rain-filled hollow.
Voe (Norse), narrow bay.
Vouna (Greek), mountain range.
Vrch, vrh (Serd.), peak.
Wady (Arab.); river-course or ravine.
Weiler (Germ.), village.
Wick (Scand.), bay or creek.
Wy or Gwy (Welsh), water.
Yar, Garbh (Gael.), rugged.
Yell (Norse), barren.
Zapad (Russ.), west.
Zee (Dutch), sea.
Zemlya (Russ.), land.
Zwart (Dutch), black.

DATE.
B.C.
PRINCIPAL JOURNEYS OF EXPL

EXPLORER & NATIONALITY.

LXPLORATION. i}

1400-1250 | Egyptians ? 1350 | Greeks

I0OO0O0 750
700 600 500
9)
470 330
3? 329-325 290 218 about 120 61-58 since 30
20
ce
r5
A.D. 54 I50 518-21 671-95 861 865
876
985 IOoo
1154
about 1200 1253
1271-95 1290
1325-52
1327 1415-60
1419-20
1442 ? 1460
1474
1485 1487 1491-98 1497-98
1498 1499
>? 1500 >?
1502 1512 1513
1516 1517 1519-21 1519-21
1534 1535 1535-42
1539 about 1540
1541 1542
39
>
1553 1576 1577-80
1587 1596
1598 1606 1608 r610 1614-17 1616
9”?
>”?
1618
1642
1643
1645
1660
1673 1725-43 1728 & ‘41
1764-66 1768-79
1770 1770

Sebastian Cabot (En; ne. Cortez (Span.) . Magellan (Span.)

Pizarro (Span.) Diego d’Almagro
Jacques Cartier ( Fr.)

Hudson Strait.
Conquest of Mexico.
First to circumnavigate theglobe. Passes through} the Strait of Magellan, «rosses
the Pacific, and | discovers the Philippines.
Completes the Conquest of Peru.
Conquers Chili.
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Montreal).
|
Ase:nds river to Hochelag:
1878-89
1878-85 1878—02 I 879 1881— rahe
2? 7 1886

ORATION | | . ra. | | N ‘N mA MA UE J fe Oe

THOMSON (Scot.)
Major Serpa Pinto ( Port.) | Emin Pasha ( Ger.) Moustier and Zweifel . |
Greely ( U.S.)
Wissmann ( Ger.) 4 Junker (Russ. Ger.) _. | Peary ( U.S.) 4

Land, British South Morocco, &c.

crosses Africa.
and Surveys in Equatorial Africa. Sources of the Niger.
Grinnell Land and N.E. coast of Greenland. Across Africa from West coast, Congo
Basin. Welle-Mobangi, &c.
North Greenland.
Journeys through Masai Africa, Sokoto, Twic
Travels
e
DISCOVERY OR DaTI EXPLORER & NATIONALITY. DISCOVERY OR EXPLORATION. a ts at iF ees
EE ereeereres | Saree ane ee 2 z at eer sods nashiapeinssie-ringhe-
oneocliesenaiseguacists = | | 4..D | Invasions of Habesh, Aradia, Phoenicia, Syria.
1785-88 | La Perouse (I rench) | North of Japan, Saghalien, &c. | Argonautic
expedition to Colchis. 1789 | A. Mackenzie Scot.) | Exploration of the Mackenzie
River. | Phoenicians ae ee Voyages to Ophir, Gades, Britain. 1792 Vancouver (Enzg.)
. | Vancouver Island circumnavigated. Discovered Greeks is “we = =Peeeion of
Colonies in the Mediterranean and || | by Perez, 1774. Exploration of N.W. coast of
Pontus Euxinus. | America. Samians pwr asym Spain (Tartessus) discovered for the
Greeks. 1795-1806 | MUNGO PARK (Scot.) . | Journeys and explorations in the Niger
districts. Phoenicians - «+ . «| Circumnavigation of Africa by order of Necho.
1799-1804 | Alex. von Humboldt | | Explorations in South America and publishes his
Himilco ( Carthaz.) Atlantic coasts of Europe. Sargasso Sea. Said | if’ 2 oe ere ©
Wet se é to have visited Britain. ! 1801-4 | Flinders southern coasts of Australia.
Anaximander (of Miletus)| Makes the first m; aps. 1803-6 | Krusenstern ( Russ . |
Surveys in Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk, Sag- Hecateeus (of Miletus) Writes the
first geography | halien, &c. : Mp6 Hanno (Carthag.) . .| West Africa as far as C
ap , Palmas. 1805-9 | Salt (Eng.) . Visit to Abyssinia. Pytheas of Massilia. . | ?
Thule, North Se a, Sauiaavia: 1807-8 | Klaproth (Ge | Exploration of the Caucasus.
Nearchus. . . | Sails from the Indus to Red Sea. 1819 | Sir E. Parry (Eng.) . .|
Parry Archipelago. Alexander the Great. | E expedition to Iran, Turan, and India.
yc Pes SR 3 Re | BP actrentete! Wt Egyptians Navigate the E. coast of Africa. 1825
| Richardson and Back {| “°PPermine and Mackenzie Rivers explored. Romans . P
Hannibal crosses the Alps 1819 | Long hoe Exploration of Rocky Mountains Eudoxus of
Cyzicus Attempts circamnavigatim of Africa. 1 Wm. Smith (En; South Orkney Islands
and South Shetlands. Romans Julius Cesar in Gaul, Gernany, and Britain. | Ip
Visited by Weddell in 1822. Romans Extension of geographicdl knowledge and com- |
1823 | Wrangel ; . .| Discovers Wrens rel Land. merce as far as Central Asia. 1823
| Denham and Clapperton | Lake Chad. Strabo Describes Roman Empire ind first
mentions Thule || 1825-26 | A. G. Laing (Scot.) | Reached Timbukt ie from Tripoli.
_and Ireland. 1] 1827-28 | René Caillie (Frenc) | Journey from Kakandy to Timbuktu
and Morocco. Romans ae ges seny the Lak? of Constance ; Drusus, 1829 | Sturt (Enz.)
Descends the Mur rumbidgee and discovers the the Brenner Pass. Murray River. 1830-
32 | Biscoe (Enzg.) | Enderby Land and Graham Land. Romans .. Agricola
circumnavigates Britain i} 1830 | | Royal Geographical Society founded in London. |
Claudius Ptolemy (E gy pt. | Constructs his Geography ind Atlas. 1831 | Sir J. C.
Ross s(E ng.) .| Magnetic North Pole. Hoei- “sing (Chinese) . Visits Pamirs and
Punjab | 1832 Laid bt gs Poor) | Exploration of the Niger and Benué. I-tsing ( ae |
Visits Java, Sumatra, and India. i] 1833-35 | Sir G. Back | . | Great Fish River.
Norsemen : | Faroe Islands. North Case of Europe rounded. | 1835 | Sir F. Schomburg
( Ger.) | Explorations in Guiana. Naddod ( Norse) . Discovers Iceland. Visited by
Irish monks about 1837 | Wood (Enzg.) . | Sources of the Oxus. ogg, 1837-40 |
D’Urville | F vench) . | Adélie Land. Reached 66° 30’ S. lat. Gunnbjérn
(Norse) . .| Greenland coast. Rediscovered by Erik the Red 1839 | J. Balleny
(Enzg.) . «+ | Balleny Islands, 66° 44’ S. lat. | (983). 1839 | Eyre (Eng.) ;
Discovers Lake Torrens, S. Australia, and in 1841 Erik the Red (Norse) . |
Colonises Greenland. journeys from Adelaide to King George’ s Sound. Lyef Erikson
(son of | | Discovers Newfoundland (Helluland), Nova Scotia 1840 | Triimmer ; |
Remains of ancient Nineveh. Erik the Red) . j (Markland), and coast ofNew England
(Vinland). 1841 | Sir James C. Ross | LE ng.) | Victoria Land, with volcanoes,
Erebus and Terror. Edrisi (Sicily) . Geographer to King of Sicily, produces his
geo- 1841~73 | D. LIVINGSTONE ( Se ci) Thirty years’ travels in Central South
Africa. graphy. 1844-45 | Leichhardt (CG . | Crosses Australia, Moreton Bay to Port
Essington. Arabs P ; Trading merchants discover Siberia. 1845 | Sir John Franklin |
Sails on his last voyage never to return. as Ac a (Cle >< g Ruysbroek eo the
ancient seat of the Mongol 1848 ee. and Krapf | Mt. Kilima Njaro. Sighted Mt.
Kenia. ~ moi Polo ( Venet.) Travels in Central Asia, China, India, Persia. 1849-55
| Richardson and Barth | Western Sudan and Sahara. enoese ..... Canaries, Azores,
&c. 1850 | Sir R. M‘Olure (/rish) .| North-West Passage. Ibn Batuta (Arab.) Travels
through the whole Mohammedan World, |} 1852-4, ’61 | Sir C. R. Markham (Eng.)|
Explorations in Peru. N. Africa, E. Africa, S. Russia, Arabia, India, 1856-59 | Du
Chaillu (French) . | Basin of Ogowé River, W. Africa. lie: Nace iio: Macaantia ; _
China. 1858 | SIR R. BURTON (Scot.) | Lake Tanganyika. ir John de Mandeville . | ?
Travels in India. A Speke and Grant ( Brit.) | Victoria Nyanza. Prince Henry
( Port.) Gives an impetus to Portuguese voyages of| 1860 | Sir 8. Baker (Enz.) . |
Explores Upper Nile. Discovers Albert Nyanza, discovery. | 1864. J. Gonzales and
Martin ": : : ‘i 1862 | M‘Douall Stuart (Sco/.) . | Crossed Australia. ii hte, 3 oe
Porto Santo and Madeira discovered. 1862-63 | W. G. Palgrave | Journeys in Central
and Eastern Arabia. Nuno Trist&o (Pori.) Cape Verde, &c. 1864-66 | G. Rohlfs
( Ger.) a Jou “yet in W. Sudan by Ghadames, Murzuk, and Cintra and Costa ( Port.) |
Coast of Guinea reached. | Wadai to R. Niger. — Toscanelli (Z/al.) -| Sends
Columbus his map showing the western 1867-72 | Richthofen (Ger.)_. | Extensive
travel and e xploration in China. route to Cathay (China) 1868-71 | G. Schweinfurth
(Ger.) . | Exploration of the Jur, Niam- Niam, and Monbuttu Diego Cam ( Port.)
Mouth of the Congo reached. | countries. Bartholomew Diaz ( Port.)| Rounds Cape of
Good Hore. 1869 | G. Nachtigal ( Ger.) | Explorations in Lake Chad region and
Central COLUMBUS (Gen.) America, West Indies, Trinidad, Cuba, &c. Sudan States.
Giovanni Cabot (A nzlo- \ | Sails along E. coast of Amsrica from Labrador as 1870-
86 | PREJEVALSEY ( Russ.) | Journeys in Mongolia, Tibet, &c. Ven.) . f far as
Florida. 1871~75 | Leigh Smith (Eng.) . Exploration of N. part of Spitsbergen.
Vaigats Is. Vasco da Gama (Port. ) . | Route to India by Cape of Good Hope. 1872 |
Payer and Weyprecht } | Franz Toseph I ; ae Vespucci Venezuela,and that America was
not‘ ‘ partof Asia.” (Austrian) . fo ee ee eee Discovers mout! hof R. Amaron and
Cape St. Roque. 1872-76 | ** Challenger ” Ex edi- | Dent, ~ " a G. Cortereal
(Port.) . Reaches entrance of Hudson Strait, cated: by *. eg pas tion ( (Brit ) |
Explores the depths of the Oceans. Strait of Anian. ~—76 | Ernest Giles . . |
Traverses North-West Australia. Alvarez Cabral ( Port.) Brazil (named by him Ilhada
Vera Cruz, being S. 1873 | Warburton | Crosses Western Australia from East to West.
part of Bahia State). 1874-75 Lieut. Cameron | Crosses Equatorial Africa. Re
COLUMBUS ( Gen.) Central America on his fowth voyage. 1876 | De Breeze (French) . |
Explorations in the Ogowé and Gabun region. Ponce de Leon Span.) Florida. 1876-90 |
H. M. STANLEY (£ ng.) ) |Congo Basin; Mt. Ruwenzori; Forests on the Portuguese .
Reach the Moluccas. Aruwimi, &c. Balboa (Span.) — Isthmus of Panama and discovers
Pacific 1876 | Sir Geo. Nares and A. || Grant Land. Penetrated as far N. as 83° 20’
lat. cean. H. Markham (Ev7z.) | Solis (Span.) Reaches La Plata. 1878-79 |
Nordenskjéld (Swed.) .| North-East Passage.
Francesco de Ulloa
French.
Pizarro and ’ Orellana (Spa M. ) . . {
Antonio de Mota ag iy
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
Pinto (Port.). .
Sir H. Willoughby (E ng.) Frobisher (Enz.)
Sir F. Drake (Enzg.) .
J. Davis (Eng.) . cr
Barents and Heems- kerk (Dut.) . . f
Mendaiia (Span.)
Quiros (Span.)
Torres (Span.)
Champlain (French)
H. Hudson (/nz.)
Spillbergen (Dut.) . . |
W. Baffin (Enz.) Loam
Le Maire and Schouten .
Dirk Hartog ( Dut.)

G. Thompson (Eng.). . F
Abel Tasman (Dut.). Vries (Dut.) . Deshnev (C ossack)
French . Marquette and Cellet Russians Se Bering (Dan.) and Tishirikov ( Russ.).
Byron (Eng.). . . CAPT. COOK (Enzg.)

|
James Bruce (Scot.) . Liakhov (Russian) . . |

| Discovers Marquesas Islanis.

| Hudson Bay and discoveries in N, America.
| Enters Baffin Bay.
Explores Gulf of Californiz, Continent of Australia seez by French sailors.
Amazon River.
|
|
’
|
First reaches Japan. |
Discovers Pelew Islands, «nd takes possession of |
Philippine Islands for Spain. 1]
Visits Japan. |
Novaia Zemlia. 1]
Labrador and Baffin Land 1]
Second circumnavigation o/ the globe, and first saw
Cape Horn. Explored W. coasts of N, America nearly as far as Vancouver Archipelago.
Davis Strait.

Spitsbergen, Bear Islands, &c.

Tahiti (Sagtttarta), and oth:r South Sea Islands. Torres Strait. Dutch reach
Australia.
| Discovers Lake Ontario.
Circumnavigation of the gbbe. Round Cape Horn.
West coast of Australia. | Sails up Gambia.
Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmiznia) and New Zealand. |
Explores E. coast Japan, Sighalien, and Kurile Is.
Rounds East Cape of Asia fom the Kolyma to the Anadyr.
Lake region of the St. Lawrence discovered,
Exploration of the Mississiopi from the north.
Exploration of the coasts cf Siberia.
N.W
Circumnavigation of the globe. Voyages round the world. Hydrographical surveys | of
the Society Islands, Sandwich Islands, E. coast of Australia, Cook Strait in New
Zealand, | Antarctic Ocean, N.W. mast of America, &c. Sources of the Blne Nile.
Discovers New Siberian Islands.

Bering Strait and the coast of America

=
1887 1893-96
1897 TR )3 rd
97 5 -~{ 18)
Wy’
| NANSEN ( Norw.) | Jackson
13806 |
1896-908 1897
ORs 1595-99
t899 Igoo
>? 1900-02 Igo2-03 1907 I909
9 I91I0 I9IO I9gtl I9gtt I9gi2 1915-17 I916-20 IQ2I-24
ae
I925
Capt. Marchand . | Andrée (Swe
; }
1929 |
1Q29 I9 ei
IQg3l
I9g3I
1932 1933
1933
1933
Tomnbsckand | (E ng )
(Scot.)
Sven Hedin (Swed.) . Pr. Henri d’Orléans . Donaldson Smith (Sc
of.)
d.) D. Carnegie . De Gerlache ( Bel
Major Gibbons eae k Borchgrevink ( Brit. FE. Duke of Abruzzi (Ital.) .

P1an})
Sven Hedin (Swed.). . | Capt. Scott ( Brit.) ) Sven Hedin (Swed.). . |
a 7 721.)
Shackleton ( Peary ( U.S.). Leachman
Sir Aurel Stein Mawson Amundsen Scott. . Shackleton Stefansson R.G.S. and Alpine
Club

. ° . . . e ° .
Amundsen 73 | Graf Zeppelin Byrd : = Bertram Thomas ; Piccard and Kipser . . | |
Smythe x ee Philby " j
31 Berd — =. =:
Houston Expedition
R.G.S.
Travels from Pekin to Kashmir. Reached his “‘ Farthest North ”’ in lat. 86° 13’ 6”
N. Surveys and explorations in Franz Josef Laad,
| Explorations in North Central Asia.
Travels in Tongking and China. Explores region of Lake Rudolf. Travels from Upper
Mobangi to Fashoda.
| Fatal attempt to cross North Pole in a balloon,
Australia from S. to N. within Antarctic
Crosses Western ““ Belgica,” first ship to winter
circle. | Explorations in Congo and Zambezi headwaters. Reached lat. 78° 50’ S. via
Victoria Land. Reached lat. 86° 33° N. via Franz Josef Land.
Important journey in Central Asia Reached lat. 82° 17’ S. Explores bags Hime laya.
Re ach ed lat. 88° 23’ S. | Reached North Pole, April 6.
Journey in North Arabia. Travels and discoveries in Central Asia. Antarctic
exploration Reaches South Pole. : Reaches South Pole, and dies on return journey.
Voyages in Antarctic Seas. Explorations in Arctic islands of North America.
Explorations in Mount Everest Region. Mallory and Irvine lose their lives on
Everest. Journey to North Pole. Airship circumnavigates the globe. South Polar
explorations. Crosses the Arabian Desert. Ascend in an aluminium sphere 53,000 feet
into the stratosphere | British Himalaya Expedition attains summit of Mount Kamet
Crosses the Arabian Desert. Marquess of Clydesdale leads flight of two aeroplanes
over Mount Everest. | Second Antarctic Expedition. | Rattledge leads third Everest
Expedition.
Abyssinian Plateau Albert Edward (Papua) Aconcagua (Argentina) Antisana (Ecuador)
Ararat (Turkey)
Blanc, Mont (France) Bolivian Plateau - Carstensz (New Guinea)

Chimborazo (Ecuador) - Chumalhari (Bhutan) Citlaltepetl (Mexico) Cook (New Zealand)

Cotopaxi (Ecuador) Demavend (Persia) Elbruz (Caucasus) Etna (Sicily)
Everest (Nepal)

Fremont Peak (U.S A.) Fujiyama (Japan) Galdhdppigen (Norway) Godwin Austen (India)
Haleakala (Hawaiian Is.) Huascaran (Peru) Illimani (Bolivia)
Amazon - Amu Darya Amur . ' “ Arkansas Brahmaputra Colorado Columbia
Congo
Danube
Dnieper : Don : Dvina - - Elbe - Euphrates Ganges . Grande del ene: Hwangho

Caspian Sea Lake Victoria Lake Superior Aral Sea

Great Bear Lake - Tanganyika - Lake Baikal Lake Nyasa Great Slave Lake Lake Erie
Lake Winnipeg Lake Bangweulu - Lake Albert Balkash
Lake Ladoga Lake Ontario
10,006
Charles Louis (New Guinea)
Finsteraarhorn (Switzerland)
Lake Huron - Lake Michigan - :
Feet.
5,000-8,000 12,500 22,868 18,890 16,920 15,782 -14,000 16,410 18,000 20,700 23,944
17,360 12,349 19,613 18,600 | 18,471 | 10,755 29,141 14,026 13,790 | 12,391 |
6,140 28,250 10,000 21,812 21,181
—

GREAT MOUN TAINS OF THE

Feet. 8, 896
[tatiaya (Brazil)
[ztaccihuatl Juncal
(Mexico) - (Andes) :
Jungfrau (Switzerland) Kamet (United Prov s.)
Katmal Kazbek (
(Alaska)
(Transcaucasia)
Kenya (East Africa)
Khan Tengri (Tien Shan) Kilauea (Hawaiian Is.) Kilimanjaro (langany ka)
Kinchinjunga (Ne pal-Sik ckim) Kosciusko (New South Wales) Koshtan Tau (Caucasus)
Las Yeguas (Chile) Licancaur (Chile)
Llullaillaco (Chil le)
Logan (Canada) - - Longs Peak (Colorado) McKinley (Alaska) , - Maipo (. Argentina)
- Makalu (Tibet-Nepal) . Maladetta (Spain) Matterhorn (Switzerland) —
Mauna Kea (Hawaiian Is.)
Mauna Loa (Hawaiian Is.)
—m 27
20, 36/
19,680 20, 19,539 14,271 20,300 17,576 27,790 11,168 14,782 13,784 12,675

243

Mexican Plateau
WORLD
Feet. 6,000-8,000
Mulahacen (Spain) 11,660 Nanga Parbat (Kashmir) 26,629 Olympus (Greece) 9,800
Orizaba (Mexico) 17,879 Pikes Peak (U.S.A.) 14,108 Popocatepet] (Mexic sO) - - Lire
ie oe (Canada) - - 12,972 Rosa (Switzer land) tS.277 Ruwenzori (Uganda) 16,794
Sahama (Bolivia) . 22,349 St Elias (Alaska-Canada) 18,024 Sanford (Alaska) - :
16,200 Sangay (Ecuador) 17,124 San José | Andes) : - 19,400 Sea View (New South
Wales) 6,000 Semeru (Java) . ; 12,057 Shasta (U.S.A.) - . . = Bias Sinai (Egypt) .
6,750 Sorata (Bolivia) . (22,280 Tibetan Plateau 12,000-18,000 Tolima (Colombia) -
18,400 Ulag Mustagh (Tibet) - 25,300 Vesuvius (Italy) - 4,000 Whitney (U nited
States) 14,496 Wilhelmina (New Guinea) 15,312
GREAT RIVERS OF THE WORLD
Miles. 4,000 1,300
|

Indus -
Irrawaddy - La Plata - - - Lena - . : Loire -
Mackenzie
Madeira
Magdalena - . Mekong - - - Mississippi - - Missouri . Murray-Darling - Nelson-
Saskatchewan Niger - . Nile
Obi
Ohio
PRINCIPAL LAKES AND
Area in Sq. Miles.
170,000 s = S200 - 32,000 - 26,200 - 23,000 - 22,400
13,900
12,600
10,600
10,230
10,040
10,000
8,500 - 7,720 “ 7,720 ° 7,100
7,000
6,700
| ; |

Lake Chad - Lake Nicaragua - Nettiling - Amajuak

Lake Onega
Eyre ; Rudolf
Lake Titicaca Gairdner Athabasca Reindeer
Lake Vener Torrens
Great Salt Ete. ; Koko Nor - : ‘ Issyk Kul Winnepegosis Manitoba
Miles. 1,700 1,200 2,300 3,000 540 2,300 2,000 1,100 2,800 3,160 3,000 1,100 1,900
3,000 3,600 2,700 1,000
Area in Sq. Miles.
6,300 6,140 5,000 4,000 3,764 3,700 3,500 3,243 3,000 2,842 2,436 2,410 2,400 2,316
INLAND SEAS
Miles. Orange - - - 1,200 Orinoco - - . 1,500 Parana 2,450 Rhine - . . 710 Rhone :
- : 500 Rio del Norte : 1,800 St. Lawrence 1,800 Sao Francisco 1,800 Seine - 500
Vistula 650 Volga - . . : : 2,400 Yangtzekiang ; 3,400 Yenisel - 3,300 Yukon 2,000
Zambezi 1,600 Area in Sq. Miles. Urumiyah - : : 1,800 Nipigon . : . 1,730 Leopold
II. . * . 1,700 Van - ; : : : 1,425 Peipus - 1,355 Lake Tana - 1,160 Lake Vetter
756 Lake Malar 652 Gokcha . . : 536 Dead Sea - . ; : 360 Lake Balaton . : 266 Lake
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Bolivia
| Brazil
| British Empire Bulgaria Chile
China | Colombia | Costa Rica | Cuba | Czechoslovakia | Danzig Denmark | Dominican
Republic. | Ecuador | Egypt | Estonia | Ethiopia Finland Reset | France, with
dependencies | | |

Germany Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras . Hungary iceland Iraq Italy, Japan
with dependencies

| 245,000 10.629
19] 1,079,965 , oe 11,752 918,000 18,000 514,465 ] 510
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471,525 | O83 | ,158 | 7517
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260,475
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| Dalny (Dairen), Japan

Latvia Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania . Luxembourg Manchukuo Mexico Monaco Morocco

Nepal!
Nether rlands with dependencies
Nicaragua . Norway Oman Panama Paraguay Persia
I ey a. Poland Portugal Romania Russia (U Salvador San Marino Arabia (Saudi Siam .
Spain Sweden
Switzerland cee Tuva Turke
r
United States of Uruguay Vatican Venezuela Yugoslavia
| Damascus, Syn a
| Danzig, Danzig
| Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A.
| Delhi, India ;
| Denver, Colo., U.S. a Deptford, England
Derby, | Des Moines,
| Detroit, Mich., U.S.A. | Djokjakarta (Jokjokarta), Java, bin Dd.
I | I
I I

Dortmund, Yresden, dublin (Baile

| Ekaterinoslav
| Elberfeld,
England .
U.S.S.R Germany Germany
1.S.S.R.)
Atha Cliath),
Kingdom)
‘ree va. ae
Iowa, U.S.A..
Dnepropetrovsk (Ekaterinoslav),
Free State (with suburbs)
Juisburg, Germany Juluth, Minn.,
Ham, England dinburgh, Scotland
}.$.8.R.
U.S.5.K. , Germany
U.S.A. Dundee, Scotland Durban, Natal
| Disseldorf, Germany . Ealing, England . East E pate burg (Sverdlovsk),
E ities (Krasnodar), USS (Dnepropetrovsk),
Elizabeth, N.J., U.S.A. | El Paso, Texas, U.S.A. | Erfurt, Germany | Erie, Pa.,
U.S.A. | Essen, Germany | Evansville, Ind., U.S.A. | Fachan, (Fatshan), China |
Fall River, Mass., U.S.A.
Fatshan (Fachan) EF | Fy
Flint, Florence (Firenze),
Morocco irenze (Florence), Mich.,
eZ,
5.2
, China Italy
Italy
| Fortaleza (Ceara), Brazil Fort Wayne, Ind., U.S.A. . Fort Worth, Tex., U.S.A.
China
Chosen (Galati),
Ind., U.S.A.
| Genoa, Italy
Population. | Population. | Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Ger. 155,816 | Bremen,
Germany 294 ,966 Aberdeen, Scotland ; 167,259 | Brescia, Italy 118,839 Adelaide, S.
Australia (with suburbs) 324,420 | Breslau, Germany 557,139 Afiun Karahissar,
Turkey 102,263 | Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A. 146,716 Agra, India ; ees 229,764 |
Brighton, England 147,427 Agram (Zagreb), Yugoslavia 185,581 | Brisbane, Queensland
313,251 | Ahmedabad, India 310,000 | Bristol, England 396,918 | Ajmere, India. .
119,524 | Brno (Brinn), Czechoslovakia 263,646 Akron, Ohio, U.S.A. 255,040 | Brusa
(Bursa), Turkey. ’ - tees Albany, N.Y., U.S.A. ; =" $27 Sie | Bruxelles (Brussels),
Belgium,
Aleppo, Syria. . 177,313 | (with suburbs) . 839,581 Alexandna, Egypt 573,063 |
Bucuresti (Bukharest), Rumania 631,288 Algiers (Alger), Algeria 257,122 | Budapest,
Hungary . 1,004,699 Allahabad, India 183,914 |Buenos Aires, Argentina, . 2,153,200
Altona, Germany 185,653 | Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A. «- S73 O76 Amoy, China 196,717 |
Bukharest (Bucuresti), Rumania 631,288 Amritsar, India 264,840 | Bydgoszcz
(Bromberg), Poland 117,528 Amsterdam, Holland 752,003 |Cairo, Egypt . 1,064,567
Antwerp (Anvers), Belgium 294,902 | Calcutta, India, (with suburbs) , 1,196,833
Astrakhan, U.S.S.R. 199,000 | Camagiiey, Cuba ; ; 130,352 Athens, Greece . 452,917
|Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.. 113,643 Atlanta, Ga., U.S.A. 270,366 |Camden, N.J.,
U.S.A. 118.700 Auckland, New Zealand 217,000 | Campinas, Brazil 135,000 Augsburg,
Germany 165,522 | Canton, China 812,241 Baghdad, Iraq . 300,000 | Canton, Ohio,
U.S. A. 104,906 Bahia, Sao Salvador, Brazil 329,898 | Cape Town, Cape of Gd. Hope
149,236 Bahia Blanca, Argentina . 100,000 | Caracas, Venezuela 135,253 Baile Atha
Cliath (Dublin), 1.F.S. 410.900 | Cardiff, Wales : 223 648 Baku, U.S.S.R. 575,200 |
Cartagena (Carthagena), Spain 101,493 Bale ‘Basle Basel), Switzerland 147,417 |
Casablanca, Morocco . 161,113 Baltimore, Md., U.S.A. 804,874 | Cassel (Kassel),
Germany 171,483 | Bangalore, India 306,365 | Catania, Sicily, Italy 227,765 Bangkok
(with suburbs), Siam 921,617 | Cawnpore, India 243,755 Barcelona, Spain 958,723 |
Ceara (Fortaleza), Brazil : 98,848 Bareilly, India 144,031 | Cernauti (Czernowitz),
Rumania 111,122 Barmen, Germany 187,099 | Changsha, China 606,972 Barranquilla,
Colombia . 139,974 |Chaochau, China : . 250,000 Basel (Bale, Basle), Switzerland
147,417 |C hattanooga, Tenn., U.S.A. <-- LIS. 798 Batavia, Java, D.E.1. 437,433 |
Chefoo, China 119,305 Battersea, England 159,542 iC heli mg U.S.S.R. 116,900
Beirut, Syria 134,655 |Chengtu, China : 420,000 Belfast, Northern Ireland 415,151 |
Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. . 3,376,438 Belgrade (Beograd), Yugoslavia . 241,542 /C
hinkiang, China 153,613 Bello Horizonte, Brazil 108,849 |Chisinau (Kishenev),
Rumania 117,016 Beograd (Belgrade), Yugoslavia . 241,542 |Cholon, Cochin-China
294,316 Bergen, Norway . 98,546 |Christchurch, New Zealand 127,300 Berlin, Germany
+,346,437 {Christiania (Oslo), Norway . 249,688 Bermondsey, England 111,526 |
Chungking, China SS 635,000 Berne, Switzerland 113,114 | Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
451,160 Bielostok (Bialyostok), Poland 91.335 |Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. 900 ,429
Binh Dinh, French Indo-China. 147,199 |Cologne (Kéln), Germany 700,222 Birkenhead,
England . . 147,946 ;|Colombo, Ceylon | 284,155 Birmingham, Ala., U.S.A. . .
259,678 |Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. 290,564 Birmingham, England . 1,002,413 |
Constantine, Algeria , . 104,902 Blackburn, England 122,695 |Constantinople
(Istanbul), Turkey 690,857 Blackpool, England 101,543 |Copenhagen (Kjébenhavn),
Den- Blumenau, Brazil 100,121 | mark 617,069 Bochum, Germany 211,249 | Cordoba,
Argentina 236,000 Bogota, Colombia 241,999 | Cordoba, Spain 101,701 Bolton, England
177,253 | Coventry, England 167,046 Bombay, India . 1,157,851 | Crefeld, Germany
131,098 Bonn, Germany 90,249 | Croydon, England 239,100 Bordeaux, France 262,990 |
Curityba (Curitiba), Brazil . 100,135 Boston, Mass., U.S.A. - 781,188 | Czernowitz
(Cernauti), Rumania 111,122 Bournemouth, England 116,780 | Czestochowa, Poland .
117,594 Bradford, England 298,041 | Dacca, India 138,518 Bratislava (Pressburg),
Czec chosl. 123,852 | Dairen (Dalny), Japan 220,588 Braunschweig (Brunswick), Ger.
146,725 | Dallas, Tex., U.S. A.
Ghent (Gand), Gladbach (Minchen-G ladbach),
Glasgow, _Gomel, ; | Gorky (Nijni Novgorod), U.S.S.R. Géteborg (Gottenborg), Sweden
.
G sermany Scotland U-S.S.R.
| Granada, Spain | Grand Rapids, Mich.
Frankfort on the Main, Germany Frederiksberg, Denmark Fuchau, Fukuoka, Japan .
Fusan, Galatz Gand (Ghent), | Gary, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
Geneva (Genéve, Genf), Switz.
Rumania Belgium
Belgium
Sine
Irish

POPULATION

AREA IN So. MILES

24,440 43 ,000 65 21,489 999 399,729 763 ,944 370 acres 213,350 54,000 800,279
51,660 148,993 82,000 32,380 61,647 628,000 482,133 149,274 834,455 22,282
8,241,921 13,176 38 150,000 200,234 325,303 173,349 15,940 64,000 294,416 3,738,395
Taio 109 acres 352,051 95,558

PRINCIPAL CITIES GIVING POPULATION

POPULATION
1,900,045 1,000,000 10,213
ye 3 Oe wi 299,782 29,606,000 16,552,722 PAE ARS Hp 5,301,000 5,600,000 69,141,763
750,000 2,814,194 500,000 467 ,459 870,197 10,000,000 6,147,000 31,948 ,027
15,191,980 18,025,037 165,768,400 1,522,186 13,948 4,500,000 11,506,207 24 947,116
6,190,364
4 066,400 65,000 13,648,270 137,008,435 1,941,398 1,025 3,026,878 13,934,038

| |
Population. | Population. 220,588 | Gratz (Graz), Austria . 152,706 193,192 | ’s-
Gravenhage (The Hague),
235,237 | Holland : : 436,568 200,982 | Graz (Gratz), Austria . 152,706 447,442 |
Greenwich, England 100,879 287,861 | Groningen, Holland 105,005 106,886 | Grozny,
U.S.S.R. 148,900 142,406 | Guadalajara, Mexico ; 175,599 . 142,559 | Guatemala
City, Guatemala 120,707 . 1,568,662 | Guayaquil, Ecuador 100,000 | Haarlem, Holland
119,159 136,554 | Habana (Havana), Cuba 542,522 |Hague, The (’s-Gravenhage),
322,800! Holland 436,568 321,743 | Haiphong, French Indo- China 100,473 619,157 | |
Hakodate, Japan . 197,252 | Halle, Germany . 194,575 410,900 | Hamamatsu, Japan
109,478 272,798 | Hamborn, Germany 126,618 101,463 | Hamburg, Germany . 1,079,126
175,583 | Hamilton, Canada 155,547 200,000 | Hammersmith, England 135,521 432,633 |
Hangchau, China 426,916 117,688 | Hankow, China . 777,993 142,460 | Hanoi, French
Indo-C hina 133,764 438,998 | Hanover, Germany 422,745 | Han-yang, China 100,000
223,300 | Harbin, Manchuria . 252,988 LR. 170,100 | Hartford, Conn., U.S.A. 164,072
Havana (Habana), Cuba 542,522 322,800 | Havre (Le Havre), France . 165,076 167,577
| Helsingfors (Helsinki), Finland . 255,078 114,589 |} Hendon, England ; 115,682
102,421 | Herat, Afghanistan 121,000 135,579 | Hindenburg, Germany 122,671 115,967
| Hiroshima, Japan 270,417 470,524 | Holguin, Cuba 127,443 102,249 | Hongkong
(Victoria), China 358,351 450,000 | Honolulu, Hawaii : 137,582 115,274 | Houston,
Tex., U.S.A. 292,352 450,000 | Howrah, India 222,488 107,843 | Huchau, China
300,000 316,286 | Hull, England 313,366 156,492 | Hyderabad, India 377,006 316,286
| | Iasi (Jassy), Rumania 102,595 98,848 | Ichang, China 112,309 114,946 | Ilford,
England 131,046 163,447 | Ilheos, Brazil 150,000 467,520 | Indianopolis, Ind., U.S
364,161 106,251 | Indore, India 127,327 388,164 | Irkutsk, U.S.S.R. 103,900 228,289
| Islington, England . 321,712 119,655 | Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey 690,857
101,148 | Ivanovo-Voznesensk, U.S.S.R. 162,300 169,322 | Izmir (Smyrna), Turkey
153,924 100,426 | Jacksonville, Fla., U.S.A. 129,549 330,186 | Jaipur, India
144,179 144,107 | Jassy (Iasi), Rumania . 102,595 608,096 | Jersey City, N.J.,
U.S.A. 316,715 169,322 | Jerusalem, Palestine 90,526 | Johannesburg, Transvaal
203,273
. 115,302 | Jokjokarta, Java, D.E.I. 136,554
. 1,088,417 | Jubbulpore, India 124,469 107,500 | Kabul, Afghanistan 100,000
350,300 | Kaifeng, China . 200,000 243,690 | Kalinin (Tver), U-S.S. R. 133,100
117,577 | Kanazawa, Japan ; 157,311 168,592 | Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A. 121,857
—— ae

k k " ix
> ics = Ws eens et

PRINCIPAL

Population. Population. Kansas City, Mo., U.S.A. 399,746 Memphis, Tenn., U.S.A.
253,143 Karachi (Kurrachee), India 260,639 | Messina, Italy 182.508 Karlsruhe
(Carlsruhe), Germany 145,694 | Mexico, Mexico . . 1,029,068 | Kasan (Kazan),
U.S.S.R. 202,000 | Miami, Fla., U.S.A. . 110,637 Kassel (Cassel), Germany 171,483 |
Middlesbrough, England 138,489 Katowice, Poland ‘ 127,044 | Milan (Milano), Italy .
992,036 Keijo (Seoul), Chosen 340,290 | Milwaukee, Wis., U.S.A. . 578,249 |
Kensington, England . 180,681 | Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A. 464,356 | Kharkov,
U.S.S.R. 521,500 | Minsk, U.S.S.R. 153,500 Kiel, Germany 213,881 | Moji, Japan
108,130 Kienning, China 250,000 | Monterrey, Mexico 129,745 Kiev, U.S.S.R 539,500 |
Montevideo, Uruguay 655,615 King-te-chen, China 500,000 | Montreal, Canada 818,577
Kioto (Kyoto), Japan 765,142 | Moradabad, India 110,562 Kirin, Manchuria 125,000 |
Morocco (Marrakesh), Morocco . 193,852 Kishenev (Chisinau), Rumania 117,016 |
Moscow, U.S.S.R. 2,781,300 Kjébenhavn (Copenhagen), Den- Mukden, Manchuria :
250,000 mark ; ; 617,059 | Milheim an der Rhur, Germany 127,400 Knoxville, Tenn.,
U.S.A. 105,802 | Mulhouse (Mulhausen), France * 99,534 Kobe, Japan : 787,616 |
Multan, India 119,457 Kéln (Cologne), Germany 700,222 | Miinchen (Munich),
Germany . 680,704 K6énigsberg, Germany 279,926 | Miinchen-Gladbach (Gladbach),
Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania 98,330 | Germany 115,302 | Krakow (Cracodw), Poland
221,260 | Munich (Miinchen), Germany 680,704 Krasnodar (Ekaterinodar), | Murcia,
Spain 159,825 U.S.S.R. ; 170,100 | Nagasaki, Japan 204,626 Krefeld (Crefeld),
Germany 131,098 | Nagoya, Japan 907 ,404 Kuku Khoto (Kwaihwacheng), | Nagpur, India
215,003 | China 180,000 | Nan-chang, China 300,000 Kumamoto, Japan 164,460 | Nancy,
France 120,578 | Kure, Japan , 190,282 | Nanking, China . 522,696 Kurrachee
(Karachi), India 260,639 | Nantes, France , 187,343 Kwaihwacheng (Kuku, Khoto), |
Naples (Napoli), Italy 839,390 China 180,000 | Nashville, Tenn., U.S.A. 153,866 |
Kweiyany (Kui- yang), Cc “hina 100,000 | Newark, N.J., U.S.A. ; 442,337 | Kyoto
(Kioto), Japan . 765,142 | New Bedford, Mass., U.S.A. 112,597 Lahore, India 429,747
| Newcastle, New South Wales 104,170 Lanchau, China . 125,000 | Newcastle upon
Tyne, England . 283,145 Lanki, China 200,000 | Newchwang (Niuchuang Yingkow), La
Paz, Bolivia 149,500 Manchuria 106,242 La Plata, Argentina 169,678 | New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A. 162,655 La Spezia, Italy . , 107,958 New Orleans, La., U.S.A 458,762
Leeds, England . ; . 482,789 | New York, N.Y., U.S.A . 6,930,446 | Leghorn
(Livorno), Italy 124,391 | Nice, France 219,549 | Le Havre, France 165,076 |
Nictheroy, Brazil ; » - a082353 Leicester, England 239,111 | Nijni Novgorod (c
sorky), U.S.S.R. 350,300 Leipzig, Germany 679,159 | Nikolaief, U.S.S.R. 122,700 |
Lemberg (Lwow), Poland 316,177 | Ningpo, China 212,518 | Leningrad, .S:S.&: : .
2,228,300 | | Newchwang, heed ie 106,242 Lewisham, Enyland 219,942 | Norfolk, Ya..
U ak 129.710 Leyton, England 128,317 | Nottingham, England 268,801 Liaoyang,
Manchuria. ; . 100,000 ovosibirsk, U 7S: S:R.. 176,100 Liége (with suburbs),
Belgium . 253,377 | Nuremberg, gee 393,202 | Lille, France 201,568 | Oakland,
Calif., U.S.A. 284,063 Lima, Peru 316,000 | jteciaueca. eee 105,436 | Linz, Austria
102,081 | Odessa, U.S.S.R. 475,500 | Lisbon (Lisboa), Portug: | 587,334 | Okayama,
Japan : 139,222 Liverpool, England , . 855,539 | Oklahoma City, Okla., U.S.A.
185,389 Livorno (Leghorn), Italy. « Leta | Oldham, England 140,309 Lodz, Poland ; ;
. 605,467 | Omaha, Nebr., U.S.A. 214,006 London, England (greater city) . 8,202,818
| Omdurman, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 103,669 Long Beach, Calif., bt S. A. . 143,032 |
Omsk, U.S.S.R. 178,300 Los —— 5, Rage y AE: . 1,238,048 | Oporto, Portugal 227,595
Louisville, + Rees rf 307,745 | Oran, Algeria 163,743 Lowell, eet U.S.A, . 100,234
| Orenburg, U.S.S.R. . 129,100 Liibeck, Germany ;, . 120,788 | Osaka, Japan : .
2,453,573 Lublin (Lyublin), Poland 112,539 | Oslo (Christiania), Norway 249,688
Lucknow, India . 274,659 | Ostrava Morawska, Czechoslovakia 125,347 Ludwigshafen,
Germany 101,869 | Otaru, Japan 144,887 Lugansk, U.S.S.R. ! . 102,100 | Ottawa,
Canada . , 126,872 Lwow (Lemberg), Poland . . 316,177 | Paddington, England .
144,950 | Lynn, Mass., U.S.A. . c : 102,320 | Padua (Padova), Italy 131,066 | Lyon,
France. . 979,763 | Palembang, Sumatra . 109,069 Lvublin (Lublin), Poland . .
112,539 | Palermo, Italy 389,699 Macao (Port.), China . 157,175 | Para (Belem),
Brazil . 279,491 | Maceio, Brazil 103,930 | Paris, France . 2,891,020 Madras, India
647,228 | Paterson, N.J., U.S. A. 138,513 Madrid, Spain 863,958 | Peiping (1 ae,
China 811,138 Madura, India . 182,007 | Pensa (Penza), U.S.S.R. 105,800 Magdeburg,
Germany . 297,020 | Peona, Ill., U.S.A. : 104,969 Mainz (May rence), Germany .
108,537 | Pernambuco (Recife), Brazil 340,543 Malaga, Spain 180,105 | Perth,
Western Australia, (with ; Malm6é, Sweden . 127,870 | suburbs) . 171,245
Manchester, England . 66,333 | Peshawar, India . 121,866 Mandalay, Burma . 144,899
| Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. . 1,950,961 Manila, Philippines . ; . 324,522 | Pilsen.
(P zen), Czechoslovakia . 114,150 Mannheim, Germany . . 247,486 | Pingyang, Chosen
119,729 Maria Theresiopel (Subotica), | Piraeus, Greece . 251,328 Yugoslavia ,
100,058 | Pittsburg, Pa., U.S.A. 669,817 Mariupol, U.S.S.R. . 105,900 | Plymouth,
England ’ 208, 166 Marrakesh (Morocco), Morocco . 193,852 | Plzen (Pilsen),
Czechoslovakia 114,190 Marseille, France 800,881 | Poplar, England 155,083 Mavence
(Mainz), Germany 108,537 | Portland, Oreg., U.S. A. 301,815 Mecca, Hejaz 85,000 |
Porto Alegre, Brazil 18 i 76 Medellin, Colombia 120,044 | Portsmouth, England ,
249,288 Meerut, India 136,709 | Posen (Poznan), Poland . 246,698 Meester Cornelis,
Java, D. E + 8 97,337 | Praha (P rague), C zechoslovakia . 848,081 Melbourne,
Victoria . 1,032,500 | Pressburg (Bratislava), Czechosl. 123,85 (ACCORDING TO
ESTIMATES OF THE INTERNATIONAL REGION

Europe America Africa Asia Oceania

CITIES GIVING POPULATION

continued.
| |
;
| i
Population. | Preston, England 118,839 Providence, R.I., U.S.A. 252,981 Puebla,
Mexico 114,793 | Quebec, Canada . 130,594 | | Quito, Ecuador 100,000 Rangoon, Burma
400,415 | Rawalpindi, India 119,284 | Readiny, Pa., U.S.A 111,171 | | Recife
(Pernambuco), Brazil 340,543 | Reggio di Calabria, Italy 122,728 Reval (Tallinn),
Estonia 133,634 Rheims (Reims), France 112,820 | Rhondda, Wales 141,344 Richmond,
Va., U.S.A. 182,929 | Riga, Latvia 377,917 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . 1,700,000 | |
Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A. 328,132 | Rome, Italy ; . 1,008,083 Rosario de Santa Fe rge
nti 470,000 | Rostof on the Don, U. S.S.R. 457,100 | Rotterdam, Holland 581,899 soe
n, France 122,957 Saivon, French Indo-C hina 143,306 | Sz 1int- Etienne, France
191,088 | Saint Helens, England 106,793 | | Saint Louis, Mo., U.S.A. . . 821,960 |
Saint Paul, Minn., U.S.A. . . 271,606 Salem, India 102,181 | Salford, Praag 223,443
| Saloniki, Greece . . 236,524 | | Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A. 140,267 | Samara,
U.S.S.R. : 220,400 San Antonio, Tex., U.S.A. 231,542 San Diego, Calif., U.S.A. .
147,995 | San Francisco, Calif., U.S.A. 634,394 San Juan, Puerto Rico 114,715 Santa
Fé, Argentina 123,000 | Santiago, Chile 696,231 | Santiago de Cuba, Cuba 103,525
Santos, Brazil 156,634 Sao Paulo, Brazil . 879,788 | Sao Salvador (Bahia), Brazil
329,898 | Sapporo, Japan ; 168,576 Saragossa (Zaragoza), Spain 162,121 | Saratov,
U.S.S.R. 277,500 Schaerbeek, Belgium . , 119,818 | Schizuoka (Shizuoka), Japan
136,481 Scranton, Pa., U.S.A. 143,433 Scutari (Uskidar), Turkey 124,356 | Seattle,
Wash., U.S.A 365,583 |Semarang (Samarang), Java, a oe ee : 217,775 Seoul (Keijo),
Chosen 340,290

Shaochau (Chaochau), China 250,000 | Shaohing, China 300,000 Sheffield, England

511,742 Shilung (Chilung), China 100,000 | Shizuoka (Shidzuoka), Japan 136,481
Sholapur, India . 135,632 Shoreditch, England 97,038 Siangtan, China . 300,000 |
Singanfu, China. 200,000 | | Singapore, Straits Settlements 600,000 | | Skutari
(Uskiidar), Turkey . 124,356 Smyrna (Izmir), Turkey 153,924 Sofia, Bulgaria 213,002
Solingen, Germany . : 135,706 Somerville, Mass., U.S.A. . 103,908 Soochow, China .
260,000 | Sosnowiec, Poland : 109,454 | South Bend, Ind., U.S.A. 104,193 Southend,
England 120,093 | Southampton, England 176,025 South Shields, England 113,452 |
Southwark, England 171,657 Spezia, La, Italy 107,958 Spokane, Wash., U.S.A. 115,514
Springfield, Mass., U.S.A 149,900 | | Srinagar, Kashmir, India 173,649 | Stalin,
U.S.S.R. : 194,100 | Stalingrad, U.S.S.R. . 294,500 Stettin, Germany 254,466 |
Stockholm, Sweden 502,207 Stockport, England 125,505 | Stoke on Trent, England
276,619 Strasbourg (Strassburg), France. 181,465 Stuttgart, Germany 341,967
Sunderland, England . 185,870 Surabaya (Soerabaia), Java,
3 eB 336,814 | Surakarta (Soerakarta), Java,
D.E.I. 163,013 Surat, India 117,434 |
Seville (Sevilla), Spain 217,788 Shanghai (including Neighbouring Districts), China
. 2,674,447
Shanghai (Internatl. Settlements) 1,077,868
2 | Sverdlovsk (E katerinburg), U.S.S.R. 223,300
WORLD POPULATION

STATISTICAL

| POPULATION AREA ABOUT 1926

3,700,000 | 467,092,000 16,663,000 | 233,106,000 11,053,000 138,249,000 17,008,000
1,032,381,000 3,299,000 | 8,767,000

*TOTAL
56,613,000 1,879,595,000
Population. 164,825 141,063
Swansea, Wales.
Swatow, China
Sydney, New South Ww ales, (with suburbs),
1,253,560 U.S.A.
| Syracuse, N.Y., 209,326 Szeyed (Szeyedin), Hungary 135,131 Tabriz, Persia
200 ,000 Tacoma, Wash., U.S.A. 106,817 Taganrog, U.S.S.R. 122,700 Taipe (Taihoku),
Taiwan 195,555 Taiyuan (Taiyuen), China . 200,000 Tallinn (Reval), Estonia 133,634
Tampa, Fla., U.S.A.. 101,161
| Taranto, Italy. 105,946 Tashkent, U.S.S.R. . 421,800 Teheran (Tehran), Persia
250,000
| Tengchau, China 275,000
|The Hague ('s- Gravenhage),
| Holland 436,568
| Tientsin, China . 1,388,747
| Tiflis, U.S.S.R 347,900
| Tokyo, Japan . 2,070,913
| Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A. 290,718 Torino (Turin), Italy 597,260 Toronto, Canada
631,207 Tottenham, England 157,748
| Toulon, France 133,263 Toulouse, France 194,564 Trenton, N.J., U.S. A. 123 ,356
Trichinopoli, India 141,640 Trieste (Triest), Italy 249,574 Tsinan, China 300,000
| Tsing-tau, China 350,464
| Tucuman, Argentina 116,219
| Tula, U.S.S.R. . 191,200 Tulsa, Okla., U.S.A. 141,258 Tunis, Tunisia 202,405
Turin (Torino), Italy . 597,260
| Tver (Kalinin), U.S.S.R. . . 133,100
| Tzaritzyn (Stalingrad), U.S.S.R. 294,500
ik, Ua 1 te 124,000 Uskidar (Skutari), Turkey . 124,356 Utica, N.Y., U.S.A. 101,740
| Utrecht, Holland 153,884
| Valencia, Spain . 315,816 Valladolid, Spain 188,619
| Valparaiso, Chile 193,205
| Vancouver, Canada 246,593
| Varshava (Warsaw, Warszawa), Poland , 3 . 1,178,211 | Venezia (Venice), Italy
260,247 Venice (Venezia), Italy 260,247 Verona, Italy : 153,923 Victoria, Hong Kong
. . 358,351 Vienna, Austria . ; . 1,886,000 Vilna (Vilnius, Wilno), Poland 196,345
| Vitebsk, U.S.S.R. 108 ,200 Viadivostok, U.S.S. R. 128,600 | Voronezh, U.S.S.R. .
165,100 | Voznesensk, U.S.S.R. 162,300 Wakayama, Japan 117,444 | Walsall, England
103,102 |W althamstow, England 132,965 | Wandsworth, England 353,101 | Wan-hsien,
China 207 ,837 | Warsaw (Varshava, Warszawa), Poland . . 1,178,211 | Washington, D.
e., U.S.A. 486,869 | Weihaiwei, China 150,000 | Wellington, New Zealand 143,000 |
Wenchau, China 678,376 West Ham, England 294,086 | Westminster, England 129,535 |
Wichita, Kans., U.S.A. 111,110 | Wiesbaden, Germany 102,737 Willesden, England .
184,410 | Wilmington, Del., U.S.A. . 106,597 | Wilno (Vilna, Vilnius), Poland
196,345 | Winnipeg, Canada 218,785 | Wolverhampton, England 133,190 | Woolwich,
England . 146,944 Worcester, Mass., U.S.A. 195,311 | Wuchang, China 500,000 | Wuhu,
China 130,706 | Wuppertal, Germany . 405,515 | Yangchau, China 360,000 | Yaroslaf,
U.S.S.R. 155,500 Yawata, Japan 168,217 Yenping, China . 200,000 | Yokohama, Japan
620,306 | Yonkers, N.Y., U.S.A. ; 134,646 | Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.A. 170,002 |
Yunnan, China . 170,000 | Zagreb (Agram), Yugoslavia ia 185,581 | Zaragoza (S
Saragossa), Spain 162,121 | Zirich, Switzerland 250,574
INSTITUTE)

DENSITY PER SQUARE MILE

* Including 4,890,000 square miles of Arctic and Antarctic lands.

X1

RRITISH EMPIRE—AREA and POPULATION

COUNTRY ae ae; Irish Free State

Gibraltar Malta

Aden, Perim and prot. Bahrein Islands

Great Britain and Northern [reland
EUROPE
Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak
Ceylon .
Cyprus .
Hong Kong
India Straits Settlements Federated Malay States Unfederated Malay States
*Palestine
Kenya Colony
Uganda
Zanzibar
Mauritius Nyasaland . . St Helena and Ascension Seychelles
Somaliland
Basutoland Bechuanaland
Southern Rhodesia Northern Rhodesia Swaziland... Union of South Africa . Nigeria .
Gambia
Gold Coast
Sierra Leone
A.-E. Sudan. *Tanganyika Territory *S.-W. Africa *Cameroon *Togoland

ASIA
AFRICA

7 | |

AREA IN So. MILES

94,633 |
27,000
)
122 |
Jed
9 000
250 7,106 S52 , 284 39] ; 679
e535 27,648 23,4386 9,000
1,986,011]
, 300 1,020
809 | 37,890 |
81
2,000

156 |
68,000 1] ra 6 275,000
149,000 |
288,000 6,704 472,347 335,700 4,134 79,000 31,000 014,000 365,000 332,400
—
31,000 |
12,600 |
| ey |
Pi en: Se alee Oto on

= —y 1 POPULATION ||
i} i}
i} - | een = } |
46,356,000 i 2,972,000 || 21,000 || 248,000 ||
~
597,000 ||
> YW

48,000 | 120,000 || 776,000 306,000 348,000 900 ,000 838,000 041,000 623,000
341,000 055,000 ||

cn
SS eee
365,396,000
i ,076,000 | ,585,000 235,000
Ww W
—"
610,000 || 4,000 | 28,000 |
345,000
498,000
153,000
,109,000 |
392,000 |
125,000
8,370,000 |
19,928,000 | 200,000
3,160,000 |
1,170,000
5,606,000
5,063 ,000
274,000 ||
782,000 |
294,000

—|
} i} 1}
a
57,395,000
COUNTRY
Bermudas
Dominion of Canada
Falkland Is. and S. Georgia .
British Guiana
British Honduras .
Newfoundland and Labrador a
Bahamas Barbados
Jamaica and depe
Leeward Islands Trinidad Windward Island
Commonwealth of Australia . oa]
Papua . New Zealand Fiji
Islands in Pacific Ocean || *New Guinea Territory *Western Samoa
| 388,000 || *Nauru
* Mandated Territories.
SUMMARY
Europe . Asia Africa America Australasia
nds.
S

ig <i oe "| eae AREA IN ARI POPULATION

SQ. MILES | 4+——-

AMERICA | 4,008,320 |

19 3,729,665 5,618 89,480 8,598 162,734 4,404

166
4.431
715
1,974 |
516

— te 2,974,581 6,624,000 90,540 276,000 104,751 1,537,000 7,083 189,000 11,450

265,000 | 89,252 406,000 | 1,250 | 48,000 | 10 | 2,000 ere AUSTRALASIA | 3,278,917
9,347,000 en | | | 121,757 | 49,597,000 | 1,986,011 | 365,396,000 | 3,837,857
57,395,000 | 4,088,320 13,096,000 3,278,917 9,347,000 ae TOTAL 494,831,000
GREAT SHIP CANALS OF THE WORLD

Kiel
Panama : :
Elbe and Trave . Manchester Welland (reconstructed) Amsterdam Kronstadt-Leningrad .
Corinth : Sault Ste. Marie (U-S.)
Sault Ste. Marie (Canada) .
Tay (Scotland) Ohio (U.S.)
Sone (India) Victoria (Canada) . Godavari (India) Forth (Scotland) Missouri (U.S.)
Queensboro (U.S.) Williamsburg Mahanadi (India) .
OPENED LENGTH IN MILES} DEPTH IN F 1869 100 33 1895 61 45 1914 50.5 45 1900 4] 10
1894 35:5 26
1887-1932 27.7 25 1876 16.5 2 1890 16 20.5 1893 4 26.75 1855 L:6 22 1895 iH 20.25
GREAT BRIDGES OF THE WORLD
MILES.
2 2 i l ] 1 ] ] l |
YARDs. |
73
1591 1320 1272 1005 784 740 676 544
Manhattan (U.S.) .
Rio Salado (Argentina) . Amu Darya (Turkistan) Susquehanna (U.S.) _ Izat (Ganges,
India) Brooklyn (U.S.) Hardinge (Ganges, India) Rio Dulce (Argentina)
Moerdijk (Holland) Sydney Harbour
X1]
MILES. YARD
34
| ] l I 1 l 1 ]
520 444
345 367 245 207 195
— 1565 1375
Ss
7
=F

29,000 10,377,000 2,000 311,000 51,000 282,000 62,000 177,000 1,073,000 131,000
413,000 188,000
13,096,000

BOTTOM WIDTH
EET
MILES.
Connaught (Canada)
George Washington (New York)
Quebec (Canada)
Orange River (Bechuanaland)
Benue (Nigeria)
Cernavoda (Romania) Memphis (Tennessee) Britannia (Wales) . Sukkur (Bombay) .
Zambezi (Rhodesia)
196 150 300
120 200
220
72 100 142

YARDS.
= 1166
1166 1080 QQ]
> 861
- 783 629 614
o 417
ae 217

~ THE BLUE PETER” FLAG OF DEPARTURE

MARIN

| THE ~ POWDER” FLAG

| |

QUARANTINE

CODE FLAG AND ANSWERING PENNANT

—_—-—
| | FIRST SECOND THIRD tu SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTE
SUBSTITUTE

FLAGS OF

ARABIA (SAUDI KINGDOM)

BULGARIA

cst aa

FEDERATED MALAY STATES

ECUADOR | | ESTONIA

GUATEMALA
JAMAICA | | | LATVIA | | LIBERIA

NORWAY

POLAND | | ROMANIA

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS SWEDEN : SWITZERLAND TURKEY | . yer

The

FINLAND

‘THE NATIONS _

: Pg Be
SANTO DOMINGO

AUSTRIA

CZECHOSLOVAKIA DENMARK

FRANCE | GERMANY | GREAT BRITAIN GREECE |

SIAM SOUTH AFRICA SOUTHERN RHODESIA | SPAIN

The Citizen’s Atlas 3

NORTHERN
Stars are shown according to Magnitude thus

The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

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Ducie Faster . © Salay Gomez
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EXPLA } OF CO
The Colouring Darkest Tint a to the Lightest T
SCALE OF HEIGHT
FROM BOTTOM [Link] Metres Grea 56,932 717,353 ; P

54177 + 16.513
-
“Thousand Feet
: | | | , is ta -Amitarc tic IC wipe chee et Ae 6 beatae a os 7 Se V3 47,615
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10,513
N
28,586+ 8713 SEA LEVEL——27,9307—85137 27,274+ 8313 21,3687 6513 ’ 14807 + 4513
8245+ 2513
: 1683+ 513 eee
6 Sie
o—
Lambert's Equal-Area Azimuthal Projection
ALTITUDE OF SNOW
Vertical Seale eet vein Ale 5
6 10 15 20 £25 @3Q Thousand feet
Aconcagna , : - Sorata Chimborazo Villarica Kishma Njaro
Mt Cook
Empire State
a Bldg. ee o- Fe =
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BS OE ADS 20
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_The Citizen’s Atlas 7

0

2 ight Eng. Feet Metres SS ; Pg \ \ 1 Set b a fe it A "——, 29,002 T 8840 NS : \

Pn : . aie rn) ‘4+ \ . t yess . ihe / agatn| 26247 + 8000 wt ls y o¢ +)65 ~~ A
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a ee South Pole ie . = ts “1 ie 26.247 + 8000 ie oS — n Pole _ | a E Sie é : ‘ -
30,930 + 9427 ee —— 1 1" n Depth | 0° “ | ; ’ Lambert's Equal- Area Azimuthal
Projectior / INE AND GLACIERS | ’ | r Horizontal Seale ' ' v . , MtE. o 2 2 3 Miles
! M. Lverest “ : es ye ames ore come “7 ~ Godwin Austen Oo 1 2 8 4 § Kilometres | i
< aA 7 | } . = Mt Me Kinley oe “ Orizgaba A Act } Elbrus v pe ¢ AVS Ararat M' Banc
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30 40 50 60 70 North i u — rr A ose Ss _s ee:

Se , john Barthol x JOnn PATTNOLO™M

ew & Son Tid

3 WORLD—TEMPERATURE ~

mu D 4 & ve =o

— . ie es : —" are 40 60 80 100

— rust amet ; 20 oO 20
160 140 120 LOO } oe : $$
OR Ee Oe ee | = c a NE C -- + . . | sane eee °
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| 20

Me nat | o— ; | Equator ; Sand

Tropic of Caprie6érn eco etn eaban maha eeatea=

JANUARY TEMPERATURE
ae | Regions with Temperature below 32° Fahr. coloured Blue. “|

4. = A

20 Merid. of OGreenmmich 20 44) 60 80

Y a a... nd T BSS E 4 ol pele ¥ ? | pee |

Tropic jof Capricorn| ——

FE ee ee oe he

eI |. JULY TEMPERATURE
Regians with Temperature below 32° Fahr. coloured Blue.
— den

20 Merid. of O Greenwich 20 4D) 60 80

= - Se —<————_————_ r Ws 7 2

ee ee Equator

es a
f, 4 4 t ’ TT > ° x Ui tropic jot Cepiric j------=F9Pi¢ jot Casimic ey 83 10°. —— :
‘
Pte tr

| Gm ; eae | er MEAN ANNUAL Ce oi TEMPERATURE = essai Regions with lemperature

below 32° Fahr. coloured Blue. SS SN a ———————— ts = 2 60 «) 20 Merid. of 0
Greenwie 2 ; : 5 iP L = = Pat Be ab) ee TL. O Greerovich, 20 40 8&0 80 100 rn ry l*
’ 7 ot . . Tr ae —, - a = - . a rec cm INT eR TEL ifie Edinburgh Geographi <UL
inshitutae 255 ier aa Ras : =e

Gall’s Projection

WORLD—RAINFALL
| 60
Bg

ae

ren.

el hoe Pas . ar SNe wfoundian a - os 40 iL Rownfics my, 4 3 * —Af at N \ . 2 Y a +

LA " p> <5 a a“ aay, Sy * > Pon stant a \ Be | 4 aad ota speek onstanen, tf PT ncaa
7 A : : 24S alr: << Geese | « << ae ; Hi ; los?

Ge
+ i
| “yy |{* | 2 | 20 } ] } ! / y | a ri 20 | / ; / / | | a ra | | | y, ay ’ ; ; } : |
oO ¥ hy | | | YL pe | | 3s § | i/ O | a etd Dh... % = . l « h BN S.0.6 + N\A = | he
{ <- } , . x ar Am y : 4 ime _— " <— ot es an } fp 2 7 co = ——_t= om A Oo f f
soewee, » Fr } << LS i tal <— Fon of Caprice __ ee at a <* ~ i 4 _— Y *. SY “i ~ _—
— ' Poco EES “ey >-1| 20 PS )} , : ’ _—— ‘ beose et ae Ee RAS to \ - p — \\8
USsTRA. Ts X Fatal ‘ ‘ 4 y : \\5 Oh / y ye 1 J ; / u upe ) = erth pao | > ai } _ —
r ~ : ‘ Oo Z a” \ Fess Bie J | - . ‘ { / J . J . ? , : ny iné ' \_) Tasmania 4 | t
{ [ | . ™ -_— a 4 i Pee ‘i j at eh bee : i , CW LEUATIC ¥ v ‘ x\ / : — . . \ : “
Melbono™ie®, , VE ae ~ —~, shes ‘ : 5 yee ss | at ii ~~; ° a = re ean Qt usmamtia :
| | ’ + ae" ; oN | || —; | _ Me Mas —> ha Oe ee a “ter - | 1] —>>=> oi ||
[Link] show direction of winds We PaTian a 18 —- — +, Monthly Rainfall in
Inches | The thin arrows die ashe seu agha winds = —S rs ——— —— Ove 5 || So ee
“JANUARY RAINFALL AND wins [# “=| + [ee [ewig —— — —— — —___i_ s i. ag } _& os RE
160 180 160 140 che — > — - al | — 60 ) Merid. of 0 Greenwi vr 20 40 140 ————— > rn
- Ete x aleertsh 2/\% v = 1% reas ihe Green! an q J Wow ES : Bees" Vos = - : ; « b
A Bad TN | ce | rend. t | > ® it F , ra | 60 y ¥ aa | , Ri f | : Ca Q apd. a at :
nh \ \ 4 it aoa 27 7 ‘ TH] Yue ERICA /} ~—/Nerfound bang ¢ * | Jae 7 ] / A E:
Vuabyery ma, el "i < i »! } ' ; \ y | eons i pati fea a ’ j ~ 7 | 9 s 4 , > | 40 |}
: 7 f d { Ny : | Piety io) Utena ° J fx \; 7 | ; ' 4 z } j i} S . y = > | 1] A t h
§-Freadisec eh yl Ke a Seat 65 iV ¢ y t —k—| | 40 A j \ \ } 7 | Tas \ a }; P / /
r \ Yerodedg A | | i \unN a ie A ia} ine ™ ; ; . i} | 20 x | | | “J } j 1; 20 | | |
| | lo ia } | zo Spa —- |

ee

. Wy) > a _ ’ me ™ - 2 ————T" % : e e 5. % " ; ; : ! X ar 5 Ar aw Ze land. _ se = —

! =— ~8 a | | ism my y A 4 ee ng ae, we —_—_— > —> Yitasr ria | £0 | | |_-7 : >
ait. ~ a, —} —> ages Hobart “i | SES (eo kee 1 hale ; pe) re > —s \ : Monthly
Rainfall in Inches
The thin QITOWS 14 PTES ET light winds > > —> ies d The thick arrows represert
strong winds bens:
: JULY RAINFALL AND ) WINDS

60 40 20 Merida. ot O Greenwich, 20 +0 60 80
| > ~ 10725 | “«. Greenland, LA. ‘ Pe a Si |
60 / 60 |

British’
rT , me

| a | W\) NORTH AMERICA -< aa yy /| ee" aN | ’

/ mi \ = 10-25 t/ | ra wo, eS ee and 1 /\ | | " | i 40 | es ee 3). Northem amit of

Sno tall rrrieees \\ 4 | we —

f C ap Cer

| Tropic of Cancer | ; | | 20 ||} —_+—___—_—__4-- |

Equijator

. A \.Jelamon T* I OICE AN

> : *. H : : \ a -IPACHFIC OCE AN ¥ | % ) eg Tee s) OTH AMER INDIAN OCEAN ey Bi Oe

a | aes Tg ihe es fy Pe . oe | | prot J | Madagdscar M : roe —— ont : =

Tropic of Capricorn

tesmexis ; New Zealaza x P 4 a i Pall Noy er, rm Lamt of Sm - Swot

: or [Southern 4 ot mere

———
é | Under . | *_. MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL oe Am |

ee | eum = — = ee ———————— ~a a — J ee? -— - 160 180 160 lap 120 LOO 80 60 so] 20
Mertd. of O Greenwich 20 #0 60 SO 1M) oa . | #0 : —= = sd = = = = eee ‘ OE ca - mm
esti Bx = Ege ey a “7 » a £ Lo i”
ohn Bartholomew & S on Lite
Gall’s Projection
JA

Note to Ocean Currents — ‘Warni Currents Cold Currents

The direction of the Currents is shown by the arrows.
: :pee é > + » drift in an heur. The feathers of the arrows tulicate hy the neanber
of strokes the mean speed of the wate? i } e I ; oles 10 j e the number of The
thick strokes ahove indicate the number of nautical miles. The thin strokes below
tiniicate : 3 O14 fp — > 34 ues : ; 3 ¥y Sete 2 ep OI OO > 3 —>»> > Oem quarters of
a mile thus; *—>1 >———> 1% > 2 >

‘ West Wind! Drift

=F } orth aw 1 the rm Limi
of Vin es
imit of Palms es oo . ° t=
{Hawaiian i
3x
<——
ro —r
Nop th Equator ial Current
< &

s— 4}
|
see a, oe Map hall 1
; t | ;
+. ESE
; : = ——— pe Lquate Tial Cou [ter Curremt
a SEES 3 i f a

— Se,
Sa = — = : —— oe St ar ee
>
Wake e
Sant Is » Neve ®- ve i PSR Hebrides Gee = ‘ ae oe, “* ee — - 8 y, BO.4 sc Jonge er
- ee ah ssspe Ss _Tuamota Bg e+ *S, - ee > K of
Low IS
P al ~ - Tropic of| Capricorn &

; ; $ } | |
: J i ~ } NS y ' Pe Tasmania q LASS Seg boyy?” = ae. . Sk | ee Se | Vines. | i
poteas 3 } S / ad 4 7 i - = a lof - } ‘
= ; a Limit I > —. ! Va ae - aed ‘ iI } re +> > — ano [Southern Limit af] | Gane
als Persie scoessneyrerry te rrrrrers Or Se ssosewy peewee

Southern Limit |of Trees,

King George VY
| |

20,000 ; Feet. 7 /\ (\/ P ANDES OF

17.800 | YPerenhial i] Pg oe THE EQUATOR
15,000} i bf Alyihe Region 12,500 Li , Mosses So.
10,000 Temperate Region
7500|
SOUTH AMERICA
. cuntam | ora. 5000+
2500+
Sea
Leval
The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

The Citizen’s Atlas 11

45 60 75 90 LO5 120 135 | RR SA TES a eae ae = ar Ne ARREST ETE YI

Note to Monsoon Drifts

In the Indian Ucear, the China Sea and the West Coast of Mexico | a a and Central
America, the Currents change with the Monsoons. SAY / \
gO The simple arrows ———»> show the S.W. and SE. Monsoon Drift
& during the Northern Summer .
Ps show the NW. and NE. Monsoon Drift during the Northern Winter.
The ajTrTrows marked thus <_-——-

| § | yy 75 wy , th f, aS | - 4 _ . bs tig) a ~~ & \ > , 2 | , Vales. if 4 ¢ ae 5 6

—« | a ot | pe? Le L ; ae +r ig a S. Azons|*<** B ait ; of Palms

30 |
. ~ —— a la ¥ a » Hees ——__Cape"ansis U7,» YB
\ Wuatorial Curent
‘ ' { X 4 ; ) a “a j he) ; Ne & ep i Se ma res, > nt ; > 1 —s Bs 22 > < x i 424 oR
= +e 4\¥ Gm... | wr, AY / ~ Bees a : %, O ne Oe : <—< : Se Oa DPF; - = } _Eq Le COR
per pia ha | Fe ers : —_— Lo . 4 ; Sc - ; = ,7, rs aT ome PO “Ay, Rn Tate ——— > Cu
= Sige “ie. | —e ge ss ——~ } = 5} uy aaa 4 2 o > 98e-> In alay CpuD té —* CPi =
Saas aa r Steen ie » Seychelle a all - South Equatorial Current a = j a - se ee <-
+4 = x UL nzj,bar res-} o>» > . } ! =e — = ; &~ 7 / a oe si <4 ~~ —<« | - t <—+ =f;
a 56 7 7 : / i < iguatorial Current |. a Ma LP aes f SS SS .? ey — : - = = re ° | |
3 I «+ —— =.

~~ » Ye va | O%- Pees al | Some SS ee : = } al > a / ; = > | cE baa Vv . we . rat

Loe 5 | Southern Lumit {er SSG as i an te TE, So seerrc pastor tf Ore Reel an :- ~
— a Sea Henna SES re SS SS ee —> é a Tasmania ye iii pg BS ec = = Spuspern jplimit
of me Lamet of Pris LOL mS ~ = : : i = } 4 = ee ae +e as Rae a RI 7 oe ] [ } } pg
SS i= | i ms ee =. | - 7 < S vr > Z li? a” VY Ww 7 p—af | bef e Wes t Yin 2 DF 1-f-
¢ % : .? tage ee — ' a . , ee a ee ee W C¢ gt W 1 n d. ; D Tr L tf t os ' ; 7 Zz
EXPLANATION OF COLOURING | | | ee ST =] 2 SS ee OO Sees (Oe. bet eae Coniferous
Forest _| Poor Steppe Land * oo A ‘ on" Deciduous Forest | of }
olf) on ; ‘ if CELE ae ] ae Tropical Forest
Woodland,Grass and Cultivation
hee gies onc eh | ~
. _ Vv, King reorge Ve

Land Steppes and Prairies | | / | ) Sea-Weed SS == Limit of Pack Ice errr | | Se ee

eae eee ——— Se eee ee ee eee

iN OF VEGETATION Noises -iew

ares EUROPE 17 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

Metres- 8000

— 5000
a M' Cook eer KK
/\ NEW ZEALAND i’,
I ore BY ALPS {3000 J 4C€ « 4
eS Galdhippiggen +} | AUSTRALIAN M* Koscinsko pi ee
oer — 5 F ss, > Nw, ountainiFlora \,
’ <K Aor ALPS Z 2 ‘ ICELAND Urals : | - x ee sna, f Sreow at- times _— a ' - |
Alpine Flora, writh, Snow for { Abas i \\ Toe ck Src , [ waa mater part: of yeag
and places Forest a “ooo

le = bs : de '- Davai ‘

Mercator’ Pr
awe ewe we ee een eee
—s ae ent awe 6 See ==

ee ee

Res"
* &,
{p al a 4
Wy

EET RIO
1 j ! ' i " ' ! | i i i { j i i J I t | t
. M,

a ar a ca stipes cadmas a ts Ser Ata na

<s4r- .
shasgamm—-------------!. Oe ts a, * ~ ee a 2 .

Se ee Oe Re SS 8S eS a ea

SS s
>
_ 4

ass Sat
+ Se ie, 3
+ f '
! | ! ! ! | | I | t ! ! I
w+-------+~------------ ------ ~~ fg

O14. v a °
~—--- += ye, + 4
Lcorm.
' ' \ t i l i ! t t i . t ! | / ' t
ir
3 Tropic of Ca
t ! ! t ! ! ' } i i ! ! ! | i i ! ! ' ! ! ' ! ! ' | ! I i | ! i ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ‘
+ |
| i ' ! I i l i j ! i ! ! ] | ! j | ! ! I ! ! ! !
Oil
|_¥_] Mining
.e) Manufactures =e Fisheries
ek ee ee

u <_< ee ee ee ee ee ee
tor ab GP einen > Carte anes Sama as Guee a aeee or anes os atewes evend,
Regs Bee Sate
Tropic of Cancer ee oe ee S
a ng me ee i ee ee es ee = ee
/

EXPLANATION OF COLOURING
eS Hunting , Fishing,
<4- BD ES Primitive Agriculture
Forestry, & Ga’ ering
\

= Agriculture

Se ah,

The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

a
on. Ltd

- $e a —

\ ’ / \ ae a z x ce ly v ? q7* Oo; ee 7 i) | |

Equator Soe SRS ee oe, ae, i Bw.

—
s == ae ee ae ee ee ee ie sie anes Do ee
AC) =

RAVU «
Capricorn
' ropic of
i "26
! ! | , ! ! 4 i

SF a — ‘ > me
pricey |
4 ! ‘ t ‘ i ' . , : ' ! ’ ! i ' i i / ' i ! ' ! | ) ! ' ! ! j

yore?

a. Y,
= = = = = Sebi ste a apeetel mM © v4 r = oe = — a - SSR A hE TT * ——— = = - ae Fi —
ne T - | Be _ s f 9 / : S| y ‘ / | =e —) i. / : i Sj Kags ” ' ( ! «>! / ( ; \ : : i
; ~~ we ~~ > ' | FF ia H ¢ ; ts = “NY . , i ais : . (2 } A H i o ' \ _ : Pr, 4
150

: : : : | 7 : : : a Ne A: Fi | 7 : , ! : : : : :
na a pe =
—

120
liana wan nee a= 4-7 - ++ - ~~~ ~
--+
90

60
*: < . Ee! ON Res < a 5 CaS. er ; ‘ ; es < * 2 we i i ee. % ~ 4 ’ ’ -: rte, ™ ~ ; .
a so 3 L ip > : ‘ ee - t ! ¥ nie SF ms i | : : x a Z ° ; . ‘ ‘ ” : ' 3 BESS eS ;
Ego ~ EEN Sd ; mt aa ag buna iene: aN’ —— — f - : : ee: “ -——- - SS ES ee SRD SSCS
ES Ses rey Se men we om es in ee Ge Sees tn ni Sens ba as cn ae eos . ~ . ~ ‘ REE ‘
i, : E = BU : . Y i . \i

2 ee —eaedte aia misecdN mawencaeth

a \ \
“

rojection

14

11921 1901. 1886

r-
Lamberts
Azim

Cqual- toe Projection

esr pod BS ee FRN POLYNESIANS
[[erowrr OF WORLD’S POPULATION SINCE
7646 millions
1539 millions
1483 millions

A r
ed

1804
ai | 1874 1397 millions ig) | 1845 7009 miilions \} RARER a SJ | | 1828 847
millions ». . | ; d | | 1810 682 millions | Os 4% LEER Vw (7 ve. \ \. ye | | 1804
640 millions | J re — {wiuds g 03. False o === \ € | 4 + Oe Bay La of sae \ . a ipa
alam dante ’ ‘ s ee bint \S \* fg ial *0/ t /f > cong \ fi ee 8 = sea i. Ny
wan \.Sablel . ‘Vaya Scotia = / §Zost0on ss } y f fe. »~— | fj | f: + yphia : / &
Hig hingto nr < {| d dteT as F // : ’ QsBe At Jas > | f Ber pre */ hs ° Sa ° a
Snarleston | *- | : = ~ >» > = » <) ses i A a ol a | } eb Qahit" ~~---~=- Tr opic
off Cane ae if | » | oe Maa a ] ; | ¥ F, = y ia | he “Haw 2224 : if ree = E : al zy
$i *e d 2 eS? : 0 : gr ,eF ia 2 Vs 7 > Rey ita “sigedo ped Aelixe Jamaica Ruel mic
o pom a - ptille = 4 ] ° cil AC rad guict : “1 = -AT Min pul ' ee : il - is a ae =
= i Windward, Sy, zarvae” . ’ ¥ = Teh vw * ea Sevand Ss 5 : bag? 2 . . ~ Fe | |
larae ett. J) me ipidad / = é at ar shall . Cupperton Z. v- | Sea > / a 5 : 2 “\
Wadi: ge jeramariv “ = ~~ rer on Kus lee ; D ite <0) PF angrung i} = | 2 fl o| to ©
180 «Howland === 160 = 140 ———— a 120 = 1gdO = set ~anon & bY : Equator ae ae A, ae
E sx = pas » “se Phoenix I? = Galapagos I° = eee Malden 7} e j Sg A = ; Se ~
Marquesas KS A - Tokelau I® = ee ( \ ES — *7 . Manihiki Oy \a ~ Re Sar nga Ot uz
“o, : i: T We, R potumech Sa a ° 8 “ain oe a2 Z -pukopia Ses = tet LT Fe”, fF, ates
‘ rk = - : TOR ate = - i | SS ve bY a a ae ~ ra Eo te A . OO > & +. \s = Ans 7 is,
A : } : 1éty]s om “fe Hie = = i i! \ ot PYys' . o = Hervey lt: ok ts = ar an * 3 F}
a . rut \ — * tee, © — Bek le = ee ee SS = SS re eee ts \\ st ‘e@® oe 4 FB ant
Tropic of © apricornm EEA sowssesee pe Fes * ¥ ad SEA a “2 2 . Ne ’ ‘ ~ ! \\ XB. ee
, : = us Ducie " paul A fe > s % 7 — 1) ! \ By ne yalty 2 ae Hert : Les J ‘ Salay
Gomez if: wae ‘ im ~ ae “i Wi / > j] Og< ie, LC 2¢, Rape ae] {/Astanctag hey Gla =|
. ” é g Ps : PF dag =| i ]/20 Hf /, j/ / /,

140

% ,

=
Aso ind

siahd Canany 1 [am |

i
[Link] ender) | ,
ARAB SE: PAPUAN
| Ts |__| ASIATIC (MONGOLIAN)

| /
ae DRAVIDIAN AND OCEANIC

120 100 | |
140

20 [Link] © ) Greenich

60 80 100

———

—>OPULATION _ The Citizen’s Atlas 15

é S _—— — a iS REFERENCE TO COLOURING| ——— orth Pole a i | Under 2 2 ns ae ae 7.

see aer < persons per sq. mile —ae te / e™~ ss 9 as 0 to 26 = = — be Sen FY; a Bo
Se eee | < to 26 ” a > 6 rm. ¢ = AL? 7 fe, = en T So - SS = ie a

wae > == MOOS "| Sa SSeS Ses, i = a *~ : 3 i. oF eo SS alin ites oo Sd 5 Ww a P—:".

~ Pin Y p | Civa Q> aN “ ~, ~ ; = = a, — SS 26 to 64 ? ” ae ; = _- —~H : ; ~~ :
Bek? | 64t0 128 ,, ee
128 to 256 ,, | a i 256 to 572 ,, ‘ | iy He € . Mae NX = WN I: 5 Quer 572 ” ”
ae S no \e
Er: AR. = 7%.%, ~~ G | > Z) ; 4 (Fe 2, Gace acon? \ - A- ‘ ; : & AO ea ‘ ‘ ‘ ? a ov
“s a

ig jue ‘ u ‘P04 gas | = aneee ¢ Cae AC sa 20 aA = ice I Cred, ea | ‘Ba re | Bomba

re, Ls i % : | Arabi an \ x Bay of he ‘Luzon Ree : . & Basset UULPS mM \ 0 @ II yea
coaNy Bengal ._.% 7 ae : i -sac™ —Socomreg , Madras ee = RES ; Samar } |} So Cbu Ce
recamae z L Rye T : QO /: Andaman bi yf. P 3) SX sland RS | ala , iL, Acradive Ly.
‘ “nf a a Oe . ‘ a Somalis / “ ondicn. : nw wan hag ved v= y" ; Caroline ia | SOA
sonaanns’ | i i C Coemorin Nicobar /** re *s fae oy eee Star : } : M. q aE pe S ok
= . 0.2 Wy / c G “Colom 2 os : .o° Labuan I> U P we | Maldive Ii Ceylon AMMEN O°
sgBruneiggh ae : . Ea | | es (+ Ss > ° Tati uj : ¥ ° an teal : | malt | a He = a ;
if 60 ; os lenad: fn ; pa s aie —— ea ——_ Burne O° tie F140 | of wha Gui l ° S : -
»Guator = - wink - wk +\ot A Anmob? Neat tel Sik +o) / PN & oe 44 LO yates \ vr |
SEAN Hause. big y/ \xgtilombasa Sevchel > Che Le Z B a | Ven Hh | wm Se everchelles
Ae Ve | yt | ) | AD e ‘ izajieibay oo “ Chagos ye sis , ated ve | } \[Link].
Sfreland Pra | Zo Bana es a = ° re Lgas os, . : baa A ¥ Arch ‘ Y af i 4] \\ : myikg
° Mafia T. ante {F = es ® Xv Barn ty + % 4 \\ Ascension Loanda\ i a te “f pes * i>
7 } . , ¢pelgaae * ‘ Se ee go Timor- Z % | f \| FP} ail gc omoro * ch : SZ laut . <
e ‘y , : "yk : . Cocos ; 9, {Ti ‘orr —— ae ee o } | Benquella p o})\ 00, oD “ = 1
Ww y pe ee nbf™ - + Timor bat sadn. 1.7 ov ye oh; \ : ; : \ N ) | i : v5 -| Ay = "s
: \ : , OF aMozam oe ) { = 3p. p il A Darw Tier) ~e G. York ~™ Fe g / A, : *S ; i |
+, & | >} : ro qi th / a Lo *) / \\ >” ¢ tHelen@ s Wamatave ene Jt on eS f Yes Pa
wal 20% ‘gsig d le || | \\ Gunewt Mreture. . r == > Sy J : <tarig ow ] \\ \ C. Frio
oa OMaur tins eS SEES S Cs . —- : j : =f , ial \ Y - ‘é “Réunion : Stes Si } = OR
RES Se ee ee a Lo. “ee ne \ Takk oy Grp me Tropic of | Capricorn nS Sea eaS = ri
Neeee lew / Wig, \ 2 = Wo sayeth ® =i” SS f. S t Ly s 4 i ay \e Dh , Estar : "BSL
Lladlonag Ae | \o Ae: | Dae Gel sa ee a \ \ = eon lecp PPH A v S Ty me So te ft i.
ey | \\ -" 7, ee / ms . "//20,

uw 5 Sira lia ,
~ ' | ; q) \Y A A N Perth > / ‘S
\ irs vngre 2:

A Ast,

\\ ) Lo PERE '¥ beth C Lee, : ss. yf ‘ j \\ cap C sia Amsterdam eeet/ te os a /

\ 8 9 27,, S’ Paul + aie “Se Austral, 2
\\ f (7o°" 1S = —_——- ee = Saas ==— / KR? George” B. } :
\ { , \ a =. 9 ? / | \ SS Spencer G.* 4 |
\\ ’ wre | \ curl Crozet I? Hangers | \ gp pr. award ioe |
\\ - gf te’ \ I? Kerguelen / R Voy, \ gga \ qnguelen Mane ol, : \\ ‘ : Gi / / \: S
2 SX. rs 2 x Ta j / 7p & Arw// Y so \ \ Heard i / ase Sa 4 ‘ \ x \ ee / 7) . : \ é
NA \ ——— J)
NS vette = es = | NS po X : ee \ 7 A | NS: —_ / & “ if MAE re, \ “> J > iy?
XQ = : = Antar rtic cae SY | \ a Bye Lea \kemp 1 es Car rele . E 7 ai J |
SS = > 3% = = ~ ‘When I. + pA a a = oe 7
S Sp, Send Ss < yy | SA aes SNE a an : La | SS ee 7 / Wr ie 3 a |
——~ =. 3 / We mae 9 <a S
eo a = sf S/ / "Op. g . = “~~ : , “SS die “a 6)/ : en Lamberts Equ al-Area Nan = J
“ -Xx ee s Jel — oid Az imu tha Pr ojer “Lion } Sa — E ; Si a . a —— ee as oad Sa |
| hes, ; ————— |
> —South Pole _ ——— cS iv ane — ath © | 80 60 40 ~~ = — = <<>> — = = . = 20 mine 0
oe + 60 80 100 120 140 wy > — Kn wibent a Spitst engani eit yay E | | =e <3 F Ue hs
b&
Arctic |Circle ‘ex
| ————
|
|

| Briti hi!
ites ;
| — a | | | |

Newfoundland

oo i

CHRISTIANS
GG Protestant [~~] Roman Catholic Fey Greek Apostolic
& Other Religions
: BUDDHIST & == _| MUHAMMADAN CONFUCIAN LR BRAHMAN | OTHERS
Lea

“ , . ; | ! i | } | _ i : eri 160 180 160 140 120 TE AE. oil - To ae ee, ee in cee
ee ee ae |
0 2 - y eSATA Re Ee art a Ho John Bartholomew & Son_Itd

1% : WORLD—POLI rid
params or ee segs tig FE, ear Oa A) ee GE 180 A L655 B L50 C 35 D Lit E ae 2 be a —
> | Fe) \ oO " ) i - rere een are — — —————————— <== = : iz eae eT i if SIME LE me
| SH ok
| f i Mn 5 cue } {s] | dp Gr ee 7 . ( Ss | | a oe Nowske ~ Greenlandg | | ee 3 Bay
Deh ny Ane a | p | a
r ¥ (pau Lax vd oO Sornmal * ~ ; * Az

a : Perinadla! $ a Se i \ : Melyitfe 71 ay) | a OF : a —e ot a E | 8 | 75 |F a

[ “Se, Be SH) Bee Se » A o \a | TPA € Viscount ZA ' ; 8 El Se SS & 4 | | | a ¢ =r “
Meiville Sound mY ; Sayed ; F it Beaufort 4 uae a) | Deo emuvik | 1} san fo IPAL, ,
so ' | b | sea Ll. A I 2. i eo / Pn. AT] es. } ¢ ré re a I t Wrangell PtBarrow ad
p* : ra 20 #Uan May: 2 : C. Belcher we * Amunds Pe; eal : * axe : = Galt oer
etorial a Re ——— Mackenzie = ! | 70 |} ; ‘ Godhar: | j — cto c peng iB | [Link]
2 i ae Ls gy |

__Avotic Cindle |
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=
ST mae SO \O aoe were Ew Zt EA | 4g GrtH we gr ITERRITOR|
Lo : fie eT nei”
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eg ee
rolthaal = Dawson Golthaab

es Cae FredentTeshuaab

SS ser wan Baker f. | }] : Nar Lor oe | : (Kiondike < > SZawréencel. SE Weg Dy, :
oJ

Yakov ,

sam dnchprage : ? : a Pt Save lL. \} Kulicous heads | ‘ { : ¢ Julianshaab y F | =

—— SS Matthew !. Cisties } { a Seth Bo* sa SS “= : - ays PoE powell QO lb —— ory ss
: Sk BS PPT HS A eae | + 4) AT. 3 Sve 60 SSS Seward ay nar : AA rabies at co Se H
v7 D SON te? 77 || a ; iS u i of ' a re eA oat BEES AR a we. ayo: = 7 Rockall. 1] |
ae ae Be 7 | ‘8 Bristol : ‘ P00] €230 m /

i eS ‘ 574Om. Gas ow to Oued Br | Pribilof 3B: Re ERTK 1G oni Spc 4p Ow pebet & Wow
to Puebec 250m ae oe aL ©& 3 BRITASI at - | Lead oe ne” BRITIS £ Se a =" Po Ru 2 =
GOL! U MBIA | AK ALO 19 + rs i Sa Hanilion Inlet = sto ’ f j os : : : : a | ZB
Qusen ‘ } gamyrtons: — OMINS. B ¥ ay 2} s ™ ; | gas » . fe "I 4 > 8) s . d)|| = OP?
——= / Chartothe E M Dealers ave | FO PY = 8S AG HOOPS oof Belle Isle Al Tamar | é >
Ot eat : ; Z. \ = é o4: ar 1 , nent to CAL > 23% ; So & j BS Auger’ or gt f >
Alew : 7 . “SQ m , al ya 7S < , so A ug / “Ata evncs — LV, o ‘ Ligne TOF. pepsuy
NOLAND pre toes | = i are ne Galt ot, dM yar? Y go lag : i Victo TMQ eee VA —
Lawrence d. tiohn ote = e a alé | " ao one ~~, 45° | 5 S spokane, a Lege rioward,
ape * Ky? oe } — ys : = "5 ene neon : — Phe : ohale See Sydney 1_$<pydl= on ee ee =
= L = wa . sy gf } A5 lf wa Oo nredpol.s ar alifan (ce 2 if a ¥0 Vict” ortiand
Sable L =f GR. Boston, to Ch relear 9 Japs & 5 = yoroher Boston be NON TOTIE. ce gh
¢ ; | : i Omaha ae, = VC Cod j | Baltimore 5 wae Py ¥ ay x ‘ > , —btereldaad. pity
sb, NewYork ee is < s ae xs ae een CmeimatL7— = 2s adeiphia / apee ; Flores. 3 § 5°
YY " Topehas us Lity of PAltimore 4 _ 1" fayal 3:8 of =. . ‘ ashingtomy i; 9° 0° rm
€)A8 Yokohama to San Franggee. A980 7% A .S ‘ED LL : cunond, erport News. }yl@ or
ap" | = ' ag NN Zo _feBanta Fé Mewpiis | | Rashlle ; et ft rit / 5 = \ BE : — = :
ae z - 3 = r’ | gn Lay = } AF nae St y =. ES || Atlanta "Wilmington Yew Sark ta
Genoe 4055 Ler «ov at : | atu ibs Sf ; r, ; 4 . Pe. / ; e Thee ‘as cacne | a s : /\
3 i \ rCharlaston cs) Bermudas gf 4,02 jae a y | = an Pea: | J ee abil fbavannahi *
S e renee, 3 ‘ pr gree k / . >, Ls S SS SSS SSS — = : jf OO — 4 ee | Sgeonttinio x
aia Oh = ta nag ff — Curél. wo ps Aras Guadalupe f, %, eN \ctauahye oR falveston,
Orleans = < pod A in A a ,7e8 +i rT | UF. . i ‘ : f S : LaverR® ait xf : | way Z: 5
nfl : dt te = i a. 2.8 yy LLYINAS = Ae es Ye >, leanpa be = pears to bai = ie ; —*
a ga opal A NGkeomal alt of PRD) 2, |S xen orgs s ee | Gare dnerl, Hor as AA a Sera
4 ata i " WGahamas 3 at ae x = NN x1 x Mexico Whe 4° en get = Bt. g Se Topic of
Cancer . | a se : Se | : re Fauar / “Ss yy azZa ampice 0 1 , Tap Siar "¢: G is 7°
oo | ’ "EOS ot oi 1 f i & chu 5 ' 3 1024. déty ike « Caicos A ag A NH 0 Honolua *
ftivaiian r | .. San Blas) 6 = s Warpaa™ Gabe, “WEST. INDIES < TT. vf IL A. ei r. ,
/ ¢ ard
,, / 260m. . &,
nm» aA Fegidllo S, outserrat a | 4 %, j : : ‘. : SS SS
bons hee ~-Spaninioa, $=. a

~Qz
) = ratte = = parse Orawait| / R Ma Cigedol$ IUS a poche Lortdau Fh a: UO St77, : &
“al to yo" : / qevilla C1geuol”. Manzanilt XS i ta) jamaica arf horas ol Pro ot x /
Hing,» " Tehuan #e. eliz Se Hisp ola, Nevis Ga gua oe db Seq 3 tapuleo t lt zm
LAPP Seah = —— a
nas
| Conventional DivisionLine for time

15 | 470 ra Acapiite CAR IBBEAW SEA ‘Seiucig B® Sex? 3. > ; Sm Ab : "en. 2

Salvador sty ¢ forge “Barbalos oe < Dp A qc I Ta [ ( ‘ Ciippertoiil: CE, CENTRAD
Latinas, mt jac BA ouair’ Grenada or , ; A v | d J Wy Se AMERICA von rk payiail 2A
Trinidad ef % che ‘ ty} Pefuraa Arenas WE Gh \ ft aPAasas iN hey 5 | has He, ioe L
all Georgetown | Demerara aig ae "\MENEZUELA epaniDens : Washington /, Ee at New
Amste wht aden ae
ta, i pi . Fanning /. Bueniventura Bg . & RS. : (Cayenne | (8) c |? ten # -
SceLomBIAm® \ >I N j Howland /. ‘Christmas h, ) Turmete f \™ ;
a = &
Equator ~ ¢ . > ie Macapa 2 4 O Ik SS SS SSS ET SSS SSS SSS SS SS SS ate SE _p Net
Macape 4, Armazon ; = 1s | | Galepagce re i ig VUIdS —~ Barcelo | Obid>s y x 5S.
Luiz 3 = quater . Phoenix |: yy! ident / ) PECUADOR> WY) Kepey Bam = | ——s — \} ay
lon LTS i hy Gude ana y elem : F¥ . undo Noronha *- ron ‘ — ©: C Malden é i A N } /
= 7 er pms Sanita . Parnada ba : ortaleza, as a | ‘Starbuck | | = 7 ve Ue Aapae |)
WataD\ig of oh A \] Oydoza, r oot 2 \Chiclayp 4 oe ; L- \ fous Fesséa = oe UU | Or.
ols Be Feakat jrotaterls. = ei “z | > = : uj a“ UE SU / aie Pernambuco Ascer *. ‘2,
ee Manihiki Bb, Peeaeds | we S\PERU s R ‘s I Maceio :\ zr Samoan l%y Suven | | ro |
Callas tina cuzp i ef _ == - ia | «Suveroy |. P= .45s ., | Aw : Pisco e | \S ¢ UT
AS bakin SSadvyador) = ~ i AY 4. = SS See — T oT id ee or? 1 = Sutzt= =: = .. == +=
;; j \ - — SS = atic ¥ Fy JL : K . & “ aed j | 3. 2 Z « .:: cidanaat j Re sie ty:
it ee <u = élago | Molena* ; Porto Seguro StHelend = Biwa ° Miwe l. = = = a8 : '
Aricay. ry = | yes ; z= <— 4 | s}\ } t. -¥ Tht oy = Meats I$ Racotonga “ook a =>
Iquique i ietoria’ Trinidad I. Diz BAS So | Tropic of Capricorn | = si = [Colyer ae
¥ . Anstral ee ‘Qucie }. bitctigasti Tic de"Feaucivo | proce . | dteaadc | 7 | |
StAmbrose £ s tte. oy Rapa Le / age Nui or |Salay-Gomez } S! Feliak i= PS Paired
AGA a . Lin, | ; : ' : Paster I: | / | Copiap Plorit¢napolisY : “2 £0 C ered = ! Pl
@ 4 | 30 | F- : SS re : —__-—---.. a = = + = = = Coqunaie f x 8270 s : - ———— - = )
aes - =. - — —____—_—_— eee | “Kermadec |; | ' z a otf ) | | Suan Ler:
nanddfpaniais s . / Masafiiera San: ado wk 3S a ; 1s r itevi e0:- Le k / Concep.
‘pit ARG Ss INEL/ Sin teSrenness WS venscsln gts : Saas | __Jpande he | REPUBLTO ;
PY —— serene a a “ | Valdi: wei g i \ ag ia Blinc “a ' / SN ) A ma) Dam Antondois:
$ : ) ‘Gough f. R s | ' Chiloe}¥ : 0 ay my eChgtham If = Chapels ale iS / ae) 3 eo
Soyo tale . —~—--. So 3 = Archipelago ss 4 = : | , | = OW fe 3a | EXPLANATION OF
COLOURI 4 ’ 3 | i ays > ' } x0 <<: ; ’ 7 ; | ey i : } A ay ; © : a _ a | 9 y : 4 |
eS é | ee | ~ United States Portuguese : = & a ile nd |* =
Eo | Rt | | | Sa * : - 4 ‘ y ' aa : E Str: “Magell » ¢ / € / aT / | ty US.S.R. / 2
ee = an pt:or Magellan. Lae i x . psi. Magali SC Pe, ae | fours, ones ees 3B
Japanese SS es “ — a = State. =a << ) ‘Ta ay 02? tte aa Ae = .
-” South
ES Chimese qe ** | Sandwich
Po ee cE IE HAS Bi NTS PES OPT os lslands SF Pack Ice | PS tyre 4 <a a" Drake
Stra : | ==

Other Countries
= + a

WORLD POWERS— —COMPARATIVE AREAS BRITISH EM pe be 00) “la. | | :

AUSTRALIA anpb INDIA
NEW ZEALAND 1,800,000 REST OF EMPIRE 3,100,000 Square Miles Sq. Miles

CANADA th
4 400, 00d Sud U.S.8.R. (EUROPE ano ASIA) | FRANCE & POSSESSIONS
& 240, 000 Square Miles 3,700,000 Square Miles
UNITED KINGDOM

SOUTH AFRI
WORLD POWERS—COMPARATIVE SCE SSS Race Ge ee en

. ey Er a Be : bs < stg BRITISH EMPIRE 449,583,000 < TIN Q tls UNITED |Ziuiz r | :
| FRANCE Anod ne ad > =e INDIA REST OF U.S.S.R. | POSSESSIONS SEE j EMPIRE
147,014,000 | 100, 218,000 Oe w 2
-

The Edinburgh Geograp ical Instrtute LL 2

Mercator’s
SO0AL DIVISIONS

The Citizen’s Atlas 17

— ~ pees : = —— N L5 0 5) p i i < < t re = a ee 4 . , Q 0 R id S 30 = = a a TS SSS

ate eae eet. a i - as . - _— : - - , ; : Jia ’ | + * _ - A ) Green) {2 SPITSBERGEN
A RK a 4 | | | () & Ki) \ Y ila « edge e = \ Ca Ldge I. s. SP Alexis I /ALBARD fit
Lonely {. C. Chet vuskin \ = fhe | ja r Faves) ade 2 @ DeLong bs * o Nae |
Thaddaecus TI Bear I dows - Rages Sibir a 2 New Sil { s }} 76 Barents Slea aoe eves
F ) , -1¥ ) ‘4 Pavy Me tc: OF : | 4 wotchhin = & ena >, LO Creat Lyakhov I. | ru bs
: jz. red] = Y Kara Sea A: O72 | { cf cit j r i ) Bin v af tat ape ) :

Wrarn geal i,

WWaiaats
eS a

th hess Clg A Hanmerte 4 Pe Troms¢

Lofoten Tih oy

» paren? “I y, ; oo ‘bean ative seh

Mal Stim “ bes 5 Bods
» rT” East Ca

SORSRGGERD Gataseeee ee RE ~

y: 4 8 / y, 5 = lrondhgs pe \ / SY s feud ig j Anadir Tel mete 31 YS : ¢ ) Gulf | 2

(fh =| Wha’ > ppyinek | shee \\ ed Sih Beats ‘T* c all. 2) -———. Hels y Brin NS ee
JUBLICS | : > : ¢ / ; Pot» A 10lin. 4 ae Halting , —f- Okhotsk wma. ST re \ 1 60
wha, gf Wa oy Ae, ast x - > |
Sy. We tele I
» 7 : sk ROLLE ; KO ie a pean oD Bina, fen i : iy ~ o>) Beriné|
fhe ss Sea of Okhpt sk

y v s F aw .

- 7 fon nee eee mf y . ~, e bring ; Stettipr , { ¥. i] My pe vier: 2 é ; ean —e

oy pee Wap ab ~ f Nikplaevsy oe d a i

“GERMAN S&S POVAND As x

aoe : wt fig. eh | Ribas © Pg ARR! vo 4 Ne a
etropay lovsk > ~ arat “5 ’ i} Karafuto tangs")
[~Abgnoti i$ \ Lf }

7 ‘a PR Bi tng a b, me fi ‘Of Targa. a" ‘= aes cL Pafchiteay (a - eine Ke Sakhalin

gw e* || . ( y - 4 : ; \. Me A > = j A -_ a ait | x < : ) Salad P i ie / : e —F- ,
Py. aes } are 2 { 2 Fi "% 4 Ss »_S ri ra “ . ; SA ATigs . ad hi vita Be than BS
Naeao ie |” = ‘| MANCHURIA phiabagfovs Se ; =A “. sty ROMAWIA dGadate 8 ye 5 Perany
im ONGOLI o x =a ‘> | “ Vite rate, em, . —XJ - : ? —” “J \ Se. - | be a Es ehisen
es oS rid a eS aS i. < Ger vecstan “2 = or | _ Seta 1 : Cl |S a Harbin mf | Soya P.
Kx i] Ae t Gate SLAV\a } ULGARIN NPI. ck Sea, Nee ms F jldja| tu) Beak + Oat es
KGrit, $7 5 1 | = ges Stiles ; = : : - ‘ De , -- > i : webs toa Jah ny aie Eynt ype
vat - elas A unple Pott wr r id ae SS Uintynchi The! gobt *% _Darge Fuh Hokkaido i
lev by - tut = \ Sea \ SA He Als Butim, 7 wy S os GS i. A Suntech y “tcp, | ; bs
aple: pep nl oe - SCULLY) > . ae sa Shahn . R “0 = “Ltostok date i} ; Pe lire THp-#
An ETe zon. ake ~~ , ar tn INNIE etl << lary, ¢ NTidvele®, cud > Bechow Oy " * Aon,
; m over (nei mata LC falerns pes oe anatoura Hrgwxgn > Misiger Petow Lf sy irae
ghGersan it poet ie i | Wa” ff Algmir Vonia } R $A N/ 1 AN 6| lo Tiengeih Pibtthur,
: tot Ha oY ; ie , : a, Worktnd ~ ——7t Japan Hw(e + Tats el ‘> A Pern ~ \ Cee ak |
Taaz —vuaae pOOP Ser shu 1 ite alta ah Be Sate . ; ; e B ‘ i Singtao ame VieP
Oprusest Rap Sr..\\ Bi Tehran Mes/rex r Sis 4 = it ARR: RO Re z “hankchow est? Ye
ne w ‘sS f JAPAN 4528 06) | tO yas : erUulp - > # o = 4 = SSN : — Pee , 5 S ela ail
oDeu sear, ghdad ey inca = ~~ SN \ > Sian Sea - rh Baki %;,, i] scundrin Peet yf 3,
Lsfahan Tiga 's a rig \c H | wl A Ss Nag asakif, Siden}ou 1am A ; ; Z : wer’ ? a \
Ohe N, cing Nasasz jj i SCHWA BEN v7 tu ushit | _ Bch Sh = a OS a8 BE TT: Lhas “4 x
G, carn Shanghai I Ee. Us - BEN . > OF ge — Ha Viney nae nf / Z0) BushireDusdy x
(EPAL ics a 5 ae! ic C Z | i - 20g; NEQJ B Ne FERS Boe. te P< ; 3 ; ee ‘ay ’ enchiw
& Ogasawara at, 3o—- 1 CAALOLL . Jas: Bees Oz, x : east P / } LoiegIO NM Fad Jima
me. | i a Medina ayranemen.”) si a A\ | Lemay. fansut i | 5 = ~ WLS Karachi & .
( Seaes | 3 N’ & A ta gilt ' vs ‘f = | aes v es Volewro I*® Tropic of uncer / )
jehase =e Rito Ree Ae See > Bid : ; o emis ARA Pk ae { . DS - \ See 2 \ oe isin *
by BR f . / :. Zz tan Ormosa = ; = ; - : i] f nn Port Sudang-. X P F, "| & BUR MIA
Hong Kang i A { | f | [ Dongola Suakinh* ee * ye Bombay) ¢ MOOS | Prba 5 : || ; tee
4 GER | c H A mn i hb ; : } ye ‘ fame .' \ ; i ad Sain : Wake I i] wits } e ye ;
Don pay err f B Rainsoo' EN, >3 kane Mari Is | ui ‘ ; Romlh v 7 Gt ts 4 Had Atianas
i~ FX \ FE A NY Omidurtacn Mia t ; ASSMAN B linein. U% g "1p ; . io) | LOL ON LEME,
oe f- as sho J — Arabian Goa 2: iy ot Lar : sr \ fue $ Piieots 4 ' t ik . é m< 2
SVs yr ' - 4; 15 ANGLO-EGYPTIAN 0. pi Ag 7 Ade Sea Bengal linvoy) het Banghe y aes
ra mys ph SN SUOAND 7 aon er. Gall FP socotnd | Mangalore Mesorv, Madr: as dad gal
Merguir e » Manil: ws Ry Philippine Se ; } fe vieetiai | = a be ye mm ; . XY *, Re
ie €TH Le _ oA nivarwana < Laccadive o fF SLY ondia RATY «4 “Puy > 2 yy, HE of 4 a
esl one Yup U Ki AY N * — x 7 dis, “SON ALL & beer, Coe} ink : tn, : } exh 4 c a7
ly . tap ; ia i ~ MALLE AS SER ty Any. 3 OCR pie * pr 22m , \s Ne . : a Skmel af ae
fiarar ee ob 0 Ooms, 55. , eylon Nicobar ® 3 * nv - Mindanao Caroline Islands "
SHARI EN Sf sf ys & 00m Colombo es ro) & § } 7 4 5 Aall 15 < iz ud ; iC Bicth ig?
RS Maldive * CAMO 399 5a Bn de , Pehand. ; SR wf Palaw Is SenyavinIs Marshall [5 |
Ss ; p a 40 / OOMO D Lary cs : r= % ; S Weta pa Le je e * fae & % Lz, : : ee Be ss
Se . 29, 3 S tes Nomoi I? Kiisaic 9 getge sie) \ Sse \ g 3 Lish io h ; v eles te
thes gs Kuching, eo \Celebes Sear 'Nusksioro : | St } t \ glogadish’ £ , ror ei .
Je ad = dthentin T ss ” ay ©. Ow SFA. - r Khapinaqamaranat I Atlantic i G bert! 7 +
Noga 4 2 y Brava. : =i. y SSX. es E Equator 3 Sa FS, iasaber =f Seralmahera
eingeis bee e i! il o . a ; ‘s : if Hisirtaye ss z, “ee - : = — ’ : JBELGIAN| § gh
re Vrimu Azanian " ‘ rs Ms - lekebes= ¢ = ~~) s aa = = 3 Veuru | Oc4ean/. * «aa |
Loangd { 7 acral OR. iene ps B Cee é ‘ er Pe oy og ~~ yay Bisa ae ck wen freland ne
e"| | Eabinday, Sonia »peychelles } ee + Sz Sea : Moluecas ~ S~. Archip? =) : ee i
(4 f , Amirantes Mahe ‘ \ “ ie ave. « “tA : 0) Ne WW Guined Ip awe } Banana, ab
anzibar’ — fade ee hi Te eolatavia Macas®° “FF Banda Sea « dattsD,, va ugetn ville
ee J ore , ,, 4 yw sig Ambrizy Be npTey Yar es Salaam ' Chagos fu hi elagsp e 2 ms
Sunda $7 Ka pret ‘a = < aa ‘eee Britain Sor m 5 / t £5 he , Loanda e Bidehints:
Providence/. x . ce : Fm $2 pt : $ Ellice [**. 7 . t/dab, %) a Diego: Gatela 2 :
Ban uw Sai Dy = — fh - ce a Jal ; ’ 3 “> Ag Poa 4 Sam hin ifn SF "Timar PT Bape
for. ‘ | : Arata Sea . Lares Street x
0" Fargaharl.
es ts By? 43 S P 3 unb
fomoro
Thursd
: | | . > data | ial ; |

Benguella = 0 Ose, gf .dinber s : : ~~ 2 CQCOS.O1 Christmas |, say lal Sor} ae Zo

a: Crug ts / = 3 = fsiramna uy A 4. = z , Heeling Le bi Zimoxr * ng ~~ é . am MG/'s
ade Ls " / KT ripe 3 ol eS : ¢ © Gulf of ; % ‘ Rotumah = TP e ’ 7 ——— » Oe a. SS SS
ens ee | is as — = HIGAa digpentariz be. | = = Jossamedes . ron of ge turgados t Ss
=, ras —— 7 55% 7 —+ fy ; | | o \ wy) * y a3 eo - : 74 _ Sie r ’ 3s : Sal th , ££ :
Giravos $s = Dery ‘Bupketow? f rae = <> ¥ Ka, ‘ides FlJ| us| “qo. & in s Tanwtave &
: a Broam: Lt / > 28 Z i CPi | . ; “ER 5 “oy = Rodriguez 2 <5 ~ NORTHERN -
ploeeacames, / Lo + Erromange Va \ ; € nS wrive ALMESS So, c 4 Shellbor, ; ; Ba) =
¥ P. : SB loigre 2 s j ? Mauritius ez, x 4 oes bor Cighge j saw * oe fe 3 | Walvis
Bay\, ein. ik eaaeer v f Nein: A Sc re Cape Boeboume SE Be sy "s AS ‘aie aledonta /
, - = . Pr ANBICA he , , ¥. + - | iropie of Capri 20rn Me } TERRITORY Bettvre
aldtine . hham pton Mitmet { | | 7 ; aids: ¥ uttabane 750 / { 2p ye f ‘ie i a |
BECHARA, by, Seek DP rence Marques * A 3 Me MEE § TER NE Aides Witce Spar
‘QUEENSLAND ' MivcBivonce hee 4 > ' ng ‘ Ww al ’ i q ; Wy f . ee, AT YOON Per : EG
pe ey re ee yi? [TN DPD I-A RK O-C 1 E- A vies AU ST RAE A / | BE =| ; a Nore \
Simberte: ree LARD wire e Deraldton’ A USTRALIA - s ONT hf i harteylle + risbanes
Bb = : WN olllcs Ps : . LAdyre| \~ eke ae : = i sk Sa te baa Deraqon AUSTRALIA ~
acting | > Norfolk. & ( apt ar a = SS a SS 4 ies : Z 2 a = Me f= Sut WERICA ~ wt =
p th Wioljard rie : \Aalgoorlic 5, RERSSOARSSY £ Vet lor ore 94 Bont : 5 a8 4 y 1 |
Y) PRO’ P erty. ries . * 5 Jy Lor we I. 2 y | Ontario Wi ist London etry, 3x Fes
emai By) ‘ fi tS ra LY y NEW SOU TH WALE bg Newertstle <9 Ws, % ' Ca petownl = =a
$920 ces “sd | Bun sn “ea Np ean wi. ony Bishty A; JP lcen Hill ’ 4 Jaa 280m > 5 i
Capetown. te Fnemantle F107, | Vin . 4i wile - / : re igor? — Pot Hizabeth
Capetown. te. Fag 595, ‘ a i ey fooulbugr f ydney . > Gok . - 1 Ad, a & tora i}
Cape of G« S. tv» nde : 4 RTA [abe ra ‘ cidkeies k g ~ E 2, Am sterdam Pa B, King
Ge oF word i A Tork. N ve 4%, Lage ° . : etal Fs nied *S¢Paul L/P. Se atpttoten ne
la Sman 7 aga bisbor Te H QWéetown an x F Pe SD Wapier
lobart 3 ellington
Hobart hristchuich
: ; IES > mm y am ‘y ro dy Fv Laer epi . tor yf Buenos dines to Melbourn G10,
Sydney 9570 wn esse =p ga Walls

Dr he : ’ ti? —7 or ; 45 ; Lekdward | Crozet J* ou : . vat y ae Varion / y Thy Bo

“2 ¥en, Bounty / Stewart |. “eargill rarer KenguelenSe , Antipodées"| Au Ala id / E
i] | | : Ho Lew A *Campbe// / ffeard i.™ s¥ ampdvell /. - “Ven t™ a I N } ’ divet
i. F ‘- i] - Macquarie | ¥ | ’ ia) 1 | $ | A. _ 1} 60 a eee ee ee — ——— = —
_ECECTCECECECECEllllleeeeeeeeeeeee wz ~ ——

\ oo 2 = Tm) 3 (fo ; < | & = i iL

a eee ee ____ WORLD'S TOTAL 55,650,000 Square Miles |

—— — —| ——— ——=—

ss i i
{
;
eames | |
|
|
|
|
|
SgM.

OTHER COUNTRIES
id ; L tad: S| rn S| | | teil! = CHINA ‘¥] UNITEDSTATES | BRAZIL | é ;
i
M EXICO 770,000 Square Miles
(280, 000 ae Miles
3,600,000 Square Miles | 8,270,000 Square Miles
Skane an oe

a awed “SEES »
/
| | |
|
|
|
/
| 00 ——
phat ZN
Forruaaw i 830,000 Square Mites —
\ \ X
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC 1,750,000 Square Miles
| JAPANESE EMPIREZ6000

FLA ae ee
— ee
} i | |

Oe,
WAN a
\ \

WORLD'S TOTAL 1, 646, 000, 000

4 a
z

400,000 |
ee
aoe
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Circle | Prodrnc din s ia Sysent sc / supe? =e >° | > a

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“i
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WORLD—TELEGRAPH§yi

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The Citizen’s Atlas 21

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FINLAND; \.

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3 Tropic of Cancer 08 :
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—_—__—- Se TRS Fee SS = = eS = eS a Se to | ..Kermadec {5 ; / a a $$} _____
—«Coghimbo Se r = 9270 m» = ) ; : oe ri == = SS SSS 1 Sam ~ Ue = ay : at : =: | |
Suan Fernandes, Jalpaniais tito Grande i ) Masativura Slants ~ ; ls i i. | Concepe
pies ry : : 2 ' : Bt Sie ae |. Uristan da Gi ; } G ep > ; | en ree at = na en tal |
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4@2 % / / : Ting / ' 7920 | Ss / / we t . * 25 Te } Iw i at | , | ; SiorMagetan { :
! | ok Si - . : ; < ot, Te ; ft ST south Py, ] att ‘ P | Georgia Nees = _ gee
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a < f it Pa Sh ss el oe at i WO ye ay Sgt Ot IT oe bs i : : Sona At pe aeaees
Sorghare Lonkt OF daae Ice eae | Islands = — eid = by Drake ‘Sera it SS ) att = =
Te ——— SS Seca See | | eres meee + Foe renin oe Ss | H : % | : j | . } = ij | | | |
uth Pt sn SouBhOrk | / ino / South Shetlands * (44 St" SoufhOrkneys ; Principal
Routes... = | | os | | : } a. : > \ Joinville I. ’ | o@ S 2 | | / An : Connections
— on ss te Pies 5 2" Pl (fhoes 1 / | } / Be derlashe S = hereon T. | q Fo ee : Bis
> Es wontn | = : == Antarctic | Circle _| 2 ieeee® + SGRAKAM ISLAND / ; Sg a BESS
see ee i | a) jo -
sepenseennsecenananntenstentnneficatetenaccncenenaadte=necesceeepess | eee | | aa
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Se

The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

75

(AIL ROUTES

105
The Citizen’ 's Atlas

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of Greemich 170 180 170 Longitude East of Greenwich WSO 150

~ — ———__—— —
Bartholomew & Son led.

7O

——r7

Amadjuak
: Fisher ) : a | - 5: j \ Uy | : | f Godtha oh = > _Vew Herrnqucts,
a ISLAAI I a Mill af} 7 ®S a 7, C g » ‘| Sadia bury y © oN ay. . \ ee ee ) aes Noe
of TA 2 e \\\ ‘ ? ot | Ds ) z 7 \ orned Grinnell B. | Lichténfel.s bs f,
SOUTHAMPTON
P : 4 ey “ y Tom La 60 AK sy 140 —- ee | 7 lawn A otnghum 1 nloah yy 200 a OR. QUA
e Farrington G Fiske in at iS i4 140 “2OO RA. Qs > =\ h.. “#2 4 Cyrus Field B- \
ppatek’ . == 4 y, - =
¢ fod oad
? ae 7a erhoks Land . : < Lay =, 9 a Q 2 . Frederikshaapb; i
\ ,
. f ; ‘ ae es : . d a
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2940 6 >=. ce "<5, ; i / “< \ 7 : 3 2 SS C. Desplatiar E>
Smith 2 es $a SSeS : | os
1.74 : Qe _<
sh pie , alo SN X of : + N
M eg ‘ { : a ‘A fokpatok ES (SS McLellan Sar.
Hun Sor bee § =

UVttawa I? la? he = . / 72 g ‘Lv ea

. North ¥. “ Ss Dye ees’ it . Warhols Bay Sleepers , = r > . \ Ramah
\F ee oS as _— = C, Dufferin, Loy %' / a nt Saglelk: Bay | : . \ tne,“ =
B A Yy: Brothers) Pe ai | , & f } epeHebron
> ah, ( Migtord)
SS Oldzajzg, ee , - of ae O y ; i ONS a S { SRS PANG \ M ' 3 Port Manvers 84 ae :
vs ‘é \ f "he : a x i p Newark i. e : lower 1) (al / TS Naa "$ Pangnertok ow ¢ SA ‘
‘ Pe! A. (pee) Warbour
; te Ctastayy Seal L,,* / : Belcher I = ast Se SSS Ry \ bus’ geal = f; ichmone oe
Et earwater «) fk _ Trail L ee apar $ RY Lasiksalak ’ , ol Z-Ep, Seal aR J “ F). \
Re / : Davts Ine. bar - / P j Galt?
fa ——— SN R ¢ f. } -Whais pe \ Vaugquash } ‘ : x vale R. : 5 \ Lake b j Laie pedale
¥ ; rm 4 7 or li Apishagams hs? SSS 4s . Ree t \

£ 00 C
* «© C Henrietta
ne, Maria bz. S Py Ge i aS S$ SS ~ os Bins Long i= ‘so. ; y ) ION ERs... EG Fa es .
Seas | WAAR ba me 0 , \ k : Riichikamowe oe
(TAME $ : 3 LAME DS aoe . aS SL. Ss ~— > S A \ . a i} or y 2 | ie : es oe ae SSeS
aes PAM TE Ss /
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Isle é >. Bauld
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Y
Py es ‘ oe te \ ~
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rf 2 \ i See B) | \ Bae Gull. L. BAS oS Se WE FS E x - =4 De as as / = Co Anticosti
4) ie ek s 3 Uw re Wing, ey ST ‘ Se Ae hs ee “QQ -besve_. J % 4 Cane - eS Sage “y
Pry ; eee | a / Leja Se a) A ot Rerceit,. GULF OF |e ; a = a F f ‘ oe 5 T 7) Y ES
SS Lewis? Dey iP ra e of te ; y << : os Zhe viele “ys : Sie" SUT : : 7 i oor: ( :
fk es 7 Pure i S7ZLA WREY VC ye bal oF a" : nts q i DRS a 28 j Magdalen = ase | FF.
cup e Py ¢ : = FP cs Ly , % oe; x < SSA J © a ~\ 7 / ° Sr : j 30 : aaa d t [P° Or.
‘ , F : 4 as g fy We A : j * Pe sot at : 400 Fortunes fB We is aS > Be ot Pee” i,
NOW Bin Rdward fyi 250." |p Subbu ; “| ii ie é ‘ . J sland pe Breton. es
any hovel Isleatd— 2° eorgetgw’ J 100 Sr
; SOP bane fi a, ‘iy y ‘ Lj ete ayo se ; : 4--Gpetit Bank \ofi 3 = s : ~ = . . ney
5 See | . i, 5 = = 2 ; : : ‘ : = -3 7 Newfoundlan 1
a A a Fi

a ( . arts Coptei
Sil oba’s.+-
loee =
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t, : '

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es vs . = ae | - se UTS FP 7 DoE T A ttntttatatapitninni in a6 |
7 iM ei ry ocdeg oe E>

2a20 R000 ye; . P wd \ 433d

Ppa gh
AS tOf, 9!) =
Pe oe G/L e : woo PS
Charleston ~/ / - rc) : ta Ss
= ae / ae | | : “ Om i ‘
ay As 20 SPE. y, 2
/ : pie Bermuda 3.
/ ne J asort ‘
. 7
i 4 Be _— aol OT Sere hie ae) 29 Sg at sa £7 Fi ' Pos x; ON 2 Ho, Alromndha ¥ ff |!
- \ = : " / é ‘< we Z a ' a iS. = ‘, 1 : \ j wig ‘\ -
Op
7 = ‘ . .¥
7
\

/ ders Onville

A¢anieveral / 4 Ty J / }\
w., | Ree Caer e. S SEY Miami ss ; el eS a We \t4 - : wr a eet cx = agA =. LE SoA
GS ew I i SNase: sel VOT ME = Ss 4 ON Pass 23 ce 4 apf De eae at
SK Mery! OS at 2) ‘ee Keys. : wt: pe Anirosss Prin. : Y ¥ s re . 4! 7 j : ‘ Oh y, a
v7 i Ve = ae — a Ete — q. Va, ‘ - 578 SA : = eth pin ge Ee LN z eer.
Lang &, : = BR LSE L S =
= : = _° Marigeiane/ fara dV
i
i”: a - ‘ oe ees ass =a Aedes, A : y = FANS, 25 Caicos as \ - > ae | ile Muevihia .
‘Xt $ irs oss Livog 1 — on DN : caveat Thera ~ wagnal ye i: ih, mee ras yt PA
Lot! . UNBSA ay ogee ihe ay WE Pur Le P if af z a Slon 2900 ! => Ria es - “4h E
=. ; post aren Band dzhume Je \ AST “~._ Cayman 7 | ‘ Larincart p- = : aa —— 52s =
RO - : : Veetivicltal ? > bk $e ke ag tne dy Wl Cobreend <—. = ¢ rus de Brayo \ *~z
Tie tyme SSS naee = en =a Yau - \ “eect ope de “ee f 10; rosy “ Hes Aas 3 ~-.._ fp,
Pdet A EF \ =i: —— = Pe, s Preat (ay TOR? > SS Paha Sa. f — Lucea 2, "> = }

—_— . A Aolomew
‘pt et Bary
ca Saba (EHarbu

60

a E aS ? - = The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

ITIC OCEA! fey | N “ | The Citizen’s Atlas 27

Po =e : : a . — — — . - * oe ic oo F - £ cis F . ‘ "o —e = —- Ss — ee —— - a OO ; ;
mers a » x) “a () é e G H lO J O K / Ss —_— z > -—— —} SESE Se ———- = sof | === t
SyICELAND? | ——— - L3G zt Gey sis os Byupi , Fi& Faax LF imi SF eV Re vad 4 Vatne
Djupis og? a Rey Kj: wy eX at A — déakull : ’ ‘ = . iat ‘ o éé | Q x ’ x ala ==
Revisiaes * S = % | » - evkjam ~ lLugqolfshokil: 2. i] | .| AY } L108¢ . , a! / | |
| A» LHe j ; ia 1377 ‘ y3 ; a c3 M4 ar = 1091 | 5 vr ws y As SS Angmicaniut Fr Bs.
A WE halingrdiut —— == ap me pihermiut | y = = Elisabeth BE Stroy, aster Ai(a)| a |
SAuisortok | ' £473 : {ei - OPO oR yi || | ’ 7 - 7 | et wade lad to “Te a ~ Waagoe
2) vhsevn / gf || ia} ; j2o5 i tic loz=67--— = = j = = Sa Tt oe 5 254 f 1} Yn
inetak = e2t Pete = —¥ j || | . t ; on wirkat Fa J 871 Suderoe -t0E \ if ye a8 \ i
106 iB | C. Drtscord | >< aa e Fi | = 4 j ; . 85 : in| 650 ; "2 ~ : J | | ;
Tate o - ~ AI dt = i inst} if 5 . e j i]
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540 : = ihe ' ; .—=—_——_ SSS SS FS = = ss - SS sanyo: Magnus Se. Shét¥and IS | ||
ia ewell —— — 1820 116% = = = x - + E —— = — = t+? ‘gk = Meinlan j Lerwiad oO | 1 =
620 707 A = E Mi 7 : : = © = SS me = ; : Lo ; PF i i : . “¢ I tverpoo] to ¢} = >
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= == nm Vik, Om . 157: 18d 1037 oe re Sy) Ovkney 1° | z ; : V Barra ‘Ge > | | Q |
Cle Meh isheniall —S | . , 7 4 ~ | } + = ‘ae tp, Wey : | ial / x 2 Sy : x | Ley, PY
Raf Perel ned Firth i} | \ 460 7 = 4 SA Se ride = N j / n - — Flannan 1% sf = ich ~
1 | | ie : r 300 . 7 | | ae STG du - all | i : Rockall « Hr: ier burgh ~ 100 Peter
aad | . | s | 1 268 | " | 165 Aberdeen! | if} i >B00 = VORTH La sgow to Qu ves —< 2
—<ae == Se Se oe Se eo ae = | 121s —— Larrea flonitrose ; | | = G + — “ao 2630 to
Montreal 2760 = ——-—_ = 238 LS) SF 2 in| 1450 ee Liverp: =o : eer y ; ; a | i] if)
Z = :90 = #26 R 1, z Tr SI H-. 4 na a % in burgh & Leith | le i 1488 slays ; w m;
Rerrwtok: FY E A ; | | | = = ' i™ = ot i | = > = == = Mat ye a = 7] 7 - : +. a i |
| 1785 = = | a. a Pe | = 1300 eweastle “1 I(h « jorm_ 2739 Z Sundefland/ 4 | , 49 >
wSa= ; Rurtizpoel | A pod ==" — did Pebogough 44 rex - “+ bo? | | Lave FE i ES ~Y :
Z i} Se =: 1000 | sO —— i L540 | \ + = . Cle = sox8 r= Oh ) 1850 Porcupine ew B ene
: co Bm ‘Ss > | : bank Si yne Hd j | got er Jt | Pas yu | oate-—s * = ees —— bala
S$ Kase Se = Aare 1470 tho .. o 4, CN 2095 ee —. 2 Ps) SF Me | | . SS 2950 Coe ipso
——— Seer ee Tral> - Bink = a. ee lo776 se “— ee Li lee kB ‘ ae am fa =e O30 Valen
Po. eS Se Ley Sie moni Hed Cork Vf = OSE == == r.3 == 1730 = sata ee aa nn et ane
Aten’ bi Lf ay] cae 48 - Se ar OO EO rarer TET eae pelligs > cae ! Ci a a te cae en
Shel? Aix 2106 = . ee SEO a ek kc a : C y | 3 tO} = a = SOL CO rs Cd Sa Foe Trverks
a York 140 —— ————— == ig} {is erporr) = = = Sa — Sate tO é , = = = _ ul \ ‘Oz on i
=" a = = 1929 = ot WU } 5 Tiamat | a Se F Ss pat a= 1 esl 3 Pe ) 2 ; ae aie we York
London to Half; SAY Losey Hes f Dag aa — > eemernaven, Ww. Rew Tore... See - Zayanh
are a-POURS SS" = = aoa =e SE eee Sei AF TN 2 herb, 8 A160 = wee === _a Sips + eS
ye = SS SS : ; - Lo =3 = | = ame SS - a = Vi es, Manel fi. os e hth bebhol = ie ——
oe , Jers = aA = i | SS SSeS = = 19 2% 4 « ~ on igh . =F 3 Gee — ¥ s / ss a = a a =
» . : —-” - ahd = = | : = < == “ = | vt - ; Fs - } ye = Tre ‘ oo he B20 et A = 2 =
+5 oot ess = 4 . J # eet Se ia E =-s 4 Se ee Z . | ee 2 om . er = 7650 a RAE i =5
oa = = » , y ay wy La Rochelfes ; ' 7 Pmt ; a ,~ y | oe ” “eel 7 4 y” Fe Fae >t Wy
r ue = 4 = # a ES —— ofa Js Rochetort = af LGLO » = 7 t ly jf a? 2 K Girona: - +-"
av - wy St Ps yy 2400 Z * ‘ 7, ty 3 P Ms -- 4 —FPawss ~ ae ogee : ASA MA BLS ¢ Ay
Fal ©)| fy es YA —— PS = at a ohare 5 = 4 i 2 LTO , 3 i y }/ prio if Basi
dArouchone = fr = , “foo Po ‘st | < St y 22100 git ? Tt . Y | RY i 26 => - = 8 7 f
| = 7 j = = ; 7 > y J Y 5 / v7 Pa J a | 2500} , — : o .¥ y , 8 ee Ss ”” : / y aad
~~ x ; = Z = + => 7 z > 18v0 Ag? e- : | ed ¢ ae | a ages ee i Gena, 7 saa | 7 ; =;
re. SELOO Y , ; 7 af | bets * too “~-S5208 to New Yo.) Aw ik a 2 2 let = yey? Af 5
hiss (ae HK | Jt “ ° - *s or a “a ¥ . 7 <y +y ‘ 4 ~ Ht —_ Ll se 1060 as ; > “ > 7 :
aS Fe th ze fi \ og oe ; +>. “~* | : |. / 1909 7" (A Oy Si Ht 30} Whose ay By ; , 1
: XP : ae j— HF Oe tino - p thu) 2 a WV sy’ y ae | dit Wig ay ~—_, | NU wegos Y }
vA | ; gee ee ; oe Passed, A | ; a ‘ pat ¥e “ £] 10, f-S = 4 A »” . 5 AS re, : ,
rents Po As Vattadotia, te WgOSs: a SF ass fe es > , 6,077 > SF fase = , ff #4 {, 3
5 ee bat Y See ee 2g CCIOWSS / = ~~ 20507" 2B }- ieee ere = : hog / proartan vay e
4 eB to a) | | jf Se ~ a ay , : TS | j b : z ype i {-- : 5 ay 7 : j ie | 4 tiapd .
yt y Toys on ia} he Pay ae =. 5 SS Z ~ 7} 4 Fi ieee ; pal yp DRID A. Tort a 7 E "F
a - i xe of 7 “pf cy as iy 4 ‘ Q 5 _ 7 co Z | tae wee SS ee Se ee Se hil sy BW
itodnbd Pa, = es: Ww ~ a 3 —_ Ff + i a # fh bidet ix. Pf Li S, or We Sr a PRS, UCD.
NIH oat ye” || 40 | Gritciosa ; A Toledp YAlcakar 1 Ad | : | nf no ade Borsieme Pe
ea Ai | tira °s Yulify’ a ; Ze adi lad Redts-~ J tiaity || - td Petgac ka j er: ‘4
dS i 3 i ‘ sho 7 et ; f ry, : fm SEZ Migne by Miteciay >. “ECante = Sa Sean ahh.
rare Ory = =a , Cz VMeya s = ; For midjas Fie Ay, ok a ma _-= a | : A Saris ae
Hrosah is}! ne, % age, 1870) .7 mLei3a HE bey Zz v6 20g Ysa sg 7 , Sag: wee tt. Sr,
7 , | - “> sa / ™ J, 2629 ; é 17 / / 7 , soe af = St YA A “eo ae: 8 ro an Z =. 7 7
ans i = i j the ¥, ¥ F = - wy A » 2 ded *s Ale ee , ice ant i \ ? 3° 2660, ; 7 ; p
FF y, Piste = — AS ae ' ey GA Del- / : s > 4 Z SS of” ae $ J ; A é : : y + Ab is o
Pate = <a Ss a perp ES SF ey 7 Zo cog emseu, } ~ — = ; 75 4 j ; : Ay tt : 5 7 <—— 2
PISO i 4 i 14 4 ; 7 = —3Z -3 2s ; i es apy “td ‘Ae y | vip oe dhergua | ; : zs : Sa
- esea7 ys 7 CORY \ = od A ; ; 1800," 2 Z x0) os road fa ype; = = "£G50 ; Meknes .
y 7 = a —- GF LEP A 5 we Z =. jMad = } 4 8 c ; S z. , > =f 2 Wr = if j ide © ‘ ; ;
Fi Breeina 4 Zz —— Jers 40.7 — oo Sy } fi (eo 7? ; b a = 7 7 7 ieee a o 75 = | 4 ‘
Se | = * - OY or ad 1980" _-* om ’ ‘| ss tA OM Or RX Oo of C Ox- » 7L Oe fra | a -
— _ - ~ ¥ ’ ~ a ; OY Se fv 7 va = j = : i} r. wo™, - xt ¢ L. y £: 7 OP "iy : Q / i
7 oF: , Pe Sy oS : Z / iy é MARRAKESH eG | v . - $s \ / y Z, i : Se oS i = =. Se A
at = io f 2850 : tif \ W, at Mog: dort! 6 oe a i - 3 = So’ st 2400 ov 2 5h ff; j F,
va ~ ni Fri cass eam eS | a ao 5 On? 44 = a5 g : ; j Sd fy ! / : 4 : aT ! | — Fee 7
Se AS = 2200 3440 er. {Pa 4 ; il HP! [Link]é, A emia ¢ i] ar = St- = Se = } es) /| iy
Zi i “ah SL 7 =a - $$ —$—_ n--—_—<______, = Sar ae , » dalvidges’ 7% = — tgad.
5 : , ‘ = | <> a6 z> — “of ———_ —__ ___ = 4 — p a : Ps 7 Rand - : hs Teroddont >
damagrut abe Tt Abbes| 2 0 = ; 4>°7" ae ee ==. Y | J - d ee Se — — _ 4{ | | 7 a i j
: 7. ij < BS 22 ee ag | Lfrisaro sab fk —— L , Sephha | 5 =z oa PY" | - 5 eee i .
ft at L880 = Ss | y = eG, sh \Keabi + rren-caret | =~ -y 7 4 = ue g ed El Debai } |
Gy i =o - “ws BE avira y Vk bhebaiit / %7 = S47 = = 4 Fs a Ss res a tite 1] a cA
SSS a plier | ot 7 ¥ 2790 — = Lendout ‘ eae z Saerto Reo 200 —- 1700 a Dj Azur J, +
Taiientit | rd iffe 3 = = oe = = qeneriife --- z LE8O a er eS —s i } ie | . -# 7
£96. ; ; - A963 , E = = i¢olLonh = | ann as r 4 = 732 Be “1720 Marsehe= — es p=-
2905 . Y ——— : : = “TT / ; 3 i = i : } 1(e Z = ihe } “a 7 =< / a * mes Sy = — | a =
' 3 7 5 LFEST SL « | Ay : —— ses - - =~ = —-=<=..- = == 4 — Tropic of C ancer | : 2
a S150 £750 r ; Se Se ' > —ot 2703 2ISO 4 rus 750 : S35 He r . coe 5 F ! 3 i , "dm
Ghahnan | ‘ / ¢ } i E ‘ : : | = / 4 . ee 11 Djut ! ' = 4 OF 4 4 » ~ ‘< | : 7 / Fs
©, ; ushish Taudeni* 4 [7 i 7 = : race 3 HES / 4 4700 Z a! 1 2625 oa Wadan . i | '
s . £ = 5 : ADRAR / 2850 ‘ =r. = : Arguin -Atan* be Be i ———_ - Fa Sate = === “i
nies ett | | ” | ES # SSS SE See Sena ee eS = 9 42580 | Ushert- ’ <O : j Mabrruk.s
Pee . 2820 2 + Rashid hit : | : RS Rt a Tish Ayaw = | " ath Oarawan - Kaszr el Bat
f 2 - Walata*

Tughas
MAUR ITANTA 7#gae | — qa
gel ucidy Hoy = a ee
SH / gi Sal figs) a
Pt aa geet peg 20 H 10 J ar ag Hog vis tet
a oe SS ee _ Saaaee ERS Sarees Fa SEE OU 10 SA RRS =: PE at a - = VV . tees
: oe aie foe 5d 0 422 + ; —< B aes . 2 oe John Bartholomew & Son Jtd . Miva jection
ere Troe
-TIN Gs r OF COLOURL X¥PLANATION OF EXPLANA
10,000 feet GOOO
’
3000 1500
BOO
600
| oa = =a Wing rAry, he. 6000 | / a / I Holley ra, ae me
fre aan

Tron Crys 7 f f ARG Zn fF Ww ih Oat a ce s Ve > / 9:16—1 Degree ‘Vy MSC Rap oe Sh
British Statute Mile Ss octal sil 700 / v Fer, HE ae | Tirta cg C'S hl Re 200 ati :
: Sh } / . - } : Molde’ ENE ¥ 50 100 D - me - | Alesung SF Bgie: pe Nip ‘ 1°31 Sgr
Se $$$ : ; : % 3 Kilometres jl Sor Aca nee - es / ~. : ; >». & fs . he
"or

ee “a iy 0O”~«SC«O 206 :
tn tal
ar nie: Otte
Ae 7 U Y f CRN Fa * | SesBrve Jb h I ae (hee, ar, oy "9erleunrdrog : Beige” Fi la
‘Oi Bn 4? <° Lhe Inet is
Uhinkdping § f) } je } retspil ce bind Va. Ie
ae labmstad Balinar’ || (\Land (
"ap kibiy,, gh Aar ? a S y : yar
ff DENM, Pa, oe ULS% : Li OP), = ef j ) a 6 Je 7 FS
'| Hatlskrona, y
Agkoy > he wamé va [3 As) = recy ‘2
% AG = al rhs way lt
(s i Vihaloer Sun SSTUEZ Fes } ; alerend € ae z
£,Bornhalin
: tty price ares L, Ship. 2, a 42 Veryecé % . j t Bry’ ax y = ‘ We 74 ; ir ak Sat
Na Money Coxe Ie 0 in ‘i Game Ante 7) ce c
PO he Meine « Te OF aj, “Ulysse utWe CS Se
¢ hh 2717 @e7F

[Basti sh
Cay se
rc

; \. ee Prior 52 i ‘Sutton oe Perey ‘eh Sy Pia: Ptr. sae iz aba slyg > — a ft I
wantin cs Ss
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7 eae ys a
450.
_e Lreapang, S a) Fe Bort ~~ "sean:

PHYSIC! AIL
The Citizen’s Atlas 29

Done tearm ay x — = ———_—— — — mi < (a Noi th BS & Vigne yyr Og; pk, nantert M} pre
aft sy ay Yardé pene tnd) aS fy is) 43% > ‘ 7 Ny / Jp /7 { Vadse ; ger" —* ‘ =) bf
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\ , oF £ A \ © SW “4 y 7 fd A LN { \ 7 i F J Ss A o\e ~ - 7 A ~ e ; | ft a A ) 2 ae
\y : JI, >} MV WW o,* eg . i, wo a P J j > jmandry\) | Ss R Pons! ’, mace 4 : ’ y,
rs) —\ ‘oe | Y' 4 ~f y at a f pet 2 . : } > > { aot ¥ 2 oe a, J S\ dans Nee . Ki Ie
: } t%, ot ki A GLAEESIR Pe 2 ¢. < .
: : . \ A 7 > “og 7 | is / ae, +f ro >. | 4 W }
| 3
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: Pi Bisadena wens : A ] + Be poe ys ~ \ \ é
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TALLINE f<~—Nazrvd

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j 4 rege oe s har Disiiid ta, ‘i Barge solian ~~ ieee. port S irgqa \ Pas Se ie
Rogettap utet exandriag | Cyrenaica } Bie A: El raha | | J ; | | Ee Se 2 eee eee
Sea e SSS oe SS Se alee” Be —— 2 i 5 = . ; ee +ETGZA ia
Z K East of 25 Greenwich L 30

9,000,000

British Statute Miles 69-16- I Degree

t = x } 400 500 60C
200 “200
Kilome Ares Ul 3-1 De gree
200 200

CPP oe ly? Wop "ene ith Se “at / pail LS ae ¢ “Hans eq] ta ‘tage Tbe,
(Py | — 6

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i 8ixt SS

Mevidian of Oo ¢ Greenwich

The Edinkur gh. Geographical Institute

The Citizen’s Atlas 31

North G PS
“a Hronstag {Va : F hy \ cf J ty i =. my pal —-aeehhing ed a , a 2) Sante AS peips}
N Aged AE mer ~~ =e = | Sead fj- ——X< \ |: | Se : 47 F Galt of tie ; -— 4} Tue 1 |
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=
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~~ J
fwow

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er vor

ae ~~ wed = \ |) ht Ke

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gy ( di \ parte | N At
./ ‘ v.
ya

op
G of Pere

Rs am $ San a
| Sibi *, a6 Nbr gov | bs
ee oe svg ss iy
/ Ploes m= \) | SO
Oc pI = \/ SeDGIe as ae a Pete “BUCHAREST
fA i AN yitac
WS ~~

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sprapaibe y Seva st

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\ Nide— 2) 4 me J : 12 : fi C hmau = nop 7 . ——* a out ‘ = a \ $e msi" = in a "Ga <

pgor axes _ A Kas tama =) rab = is gas aa =? ie go Ereg4¢ —. car = , Bi spars = | \
4mas eg ——ermeli Su —— ~~ 4 >

o rT —- aq SS ; ayers tee, == f I " p °] 4 : oe i we 5 Othasoe = men’ y= X, he ¢ R

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Vv

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; : . 12,99 ; u

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Ss ir ‘ ™ at an Me? Ss rt Pope. PLL AG 2. Samos as’ “o- 7 . Eghe afi \ 1 S Z . A ="
be i] = oe a? T a < s Adan’; ie Ale hand” f v . , “ ag y J. : - ©° oa) Adalia Me
400 Cyslades, gNaxve SS rd % —_— 7 \, a a: Milos. ‘fF Li >» \G wit ¢ An th oe = = —
n6 8 2 Tinot ony <) Ada = - pamey

> o a am J = Re erigo ‘antopar vet

? Dodecs Ay ae foltaly LP. a rho | ie | ~ { fom Seaxpe : 2, \ > e ¢ 272. \x > a —

ri == 2 Y a < \Ypamas +} | R27 3 E 1 4 Ds i } <Om Zz. | ati. ; Jaffa ai 5 Je rose Q
| 1 Val \nead O B €== ; : ot 4 40.2 }/ fx] Sea a ara <z ae ee: = Y ) “the ga st pus
gotliam FY Damy Ha, port Saad 7 A : w | nghazt jae cbt fee _ —futara Rj es
Cyrenaica 4 “‘ Alexandr AX fee S— ea\ { if ee B ~S | a * : gmail \ } Malan Pe ju Ab
“\ : | namin? VOT \ 4 R se . , = | ~~. gro) Sue2— are \ & \ ge” _ > a oN ' \ “ 5 K
L = EUG Z Aqabe t ' \ | (L) | \ er ot 1 ff : \ Zi L an Wr ee = . | | =) e ey ~
(hult ot ‘ a — —= nL oue : gmail gabe N Longitude East 40 of Greemwich O 1 = a | a
5O | 4
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oor o0~e OoOT Os oO - . - —_——+$ — ———-— st
wuunTPL g ee 7% PDA] TT O-GY SAT AMIS Ysqug

33
\tlas
I
— a
The Citizen’s /

ELG 499
CLG 92 O97 &
9SE 92 Z6L
; be Z6L 9} 8ZL |
8eL 92 $9 vO 92 92
a/iud ‘bs wad suosuad 97 dapuf
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Sj ‘ Z . —) S \ ? \ ; ST u bas ~ yapaounr NS aH a : th Sac o~ > Arete ~ ~ | . PAR
ee re’ weATIL : ‘ : te \ \ ‘ puly, \\ \ ,) es oe i ' a= pic a r ’ 7 } ' “ C i 5 ; \
SI] ‘ - ) } an 4 bed ' Ce arpyongr) Da ae |: 5 A ay ce ry ‘ i$ Ae a f ‘ 4 os ; : NN
i Ai MS ea ¥ ae \ = } ; at , ™— ed ; S 5 x id Ty gpAaes ' é bpm s . 2 ifa\ =< x Yea
, i x ery Vf j= GED “Ay Se 24 ij

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ri 4
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oS i “yt - et Hs, } \ +1 vu ~

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| | | |

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aaibay [~90-69 sary ampig ysyig
NOLLWTdOd

24

ww Sawer BS int a ef es ee TT ee ae Ae “ta 3 yuenort sspuie wOONT OT ' #YNGROY

SPOUMy] “ey ) OIAaL JO/Aat]) be ah se | | + . ; ranowet —,. INAS 4 SS yahdod ; ; if
A ; = | was 02 : a _| ; | p04 oye SSS =| |. Key so 9c Ss" ON ee | ; } i SMOIDU a ;
N v I Lat = O

ABIL IO YR iby.

OS atate

=~ As ILLES 2 | | WyoII 7 «: 7 aS 38 OeS3]S} | | ; 8SE7 7 AyoT’ ~ ae | UaA pyayors)

(SS aN eueg | : oe | ‘ yr (sms ndiry seg so pund | | | y ¢ ; | ssay 2) Psi ry | 1 —
~ uoapseay AYO Sees 228 ee ‘oll g7 yous A = INS Y 7 E | (eo ay S «YS fOypoy JF ajay
Yy se q _ GY ; g * ” o oe j ssay uDIpng AU Zo SF o4 [noequag | | poaysereds bo te |
7 ADeOY =: ip | pH a esiAkmuag ~ ybiing-1asPs ‘Sr a ~ALUVWOU AV PS Z | | soy Sue0q
tag % | : | Vo j P ; tt SSay ne Yo 36 i PISS yt # 2 a - — | 3 ——___ === | i
apopsulya == = SS il | i s Ps 4 } | ——————— | c | "oy == | x pyjnsiijda | i a SORS|
: ; 9 SUIMPEIPS = wou, 3 } | ) == Ea : ; ‘| OUR | | S| | 1 Be ; j g SALEIIUS, |
"SIMAT] 40 93g i | | = = J j } ; | | |e 7 pou q! wa " YEDI- "D | | | | / | AG t be
syuun -1o0qt M / = == PH nb pl a We oe | | MO Re ue hte pa gp | | | | fospivuor sx”
) } o i } SGNVTS , H / 4. OY } / } } S { ; | : #: 1 | ; ; | AINE QO oiydOR | | | |
| Ansu0ngyS ule | = = $ | | | / $ a : SSS SS 58 i ~ = Appuvg 54 Rosnoy | DUO PAsON
| sng SKOMTOY | (q. & e | Scae | | OF ON __ 0 Oe | = i v vaibag T= €- TTT
$eeuloyy / | | | | sms | | | = SS SS. SS SS . | | aby [—9T-69 SAFC APHAS YS

ybsngwns :
pH | = SSS = = SS Se = : | |
nom Iv pmo yoyMse SONIV1S|

GNVTLIHS

% @)

™ TWOLLITOd—SHTSI HSLLIMG
n’s Atlas 06
9

Cilize
Cit
The

£S
i | (M/F f/f

_ B40 4 FOFAY-
TRIE H —c“McvSo MMe yep AS op) / ; aay ?/ PD JVAaNNWHO r | ; y “oy wejpnuy.P'O
ITPA] JSD OP ay © hee, Se A | rag = ee g “9 9p g? 9 “O25 ; it Sy Ss 7? > o] S i = &
~~ > 4 = ‘3 Pi = = wi| £ J | 5 == Be Bi] | —+— ro = = 3 > < = + m: > H = Y H =e =,
= S i ; at * LR + 2 oe / N N: S & ay rad gd FIPAS 3. 6 6 > | & a q & sae oe 3q
vopuel.-ipnourrroge | % es (gwen f >" ze Pm = o. 5 ig i] Sonsog Sonbso pl, —. . !
uo PIT, 7 Brow € gwnowmubie 1} of: penta a/ ey 4 yy JOU, be Z i” . Yi ey) QNOWXT t
S/F? n ‘ ie & = &y, oS - a a 1238 2406 3 rin ™% 343 ee 1 KOS /PS Z 4 bi hyomeg 4,
MS Pe, _sibdy soubog gr ¥ : : eusojnog oy SerIHIOGREP c ™ RP = <or® S ee aay SIN 7
S &, zon So. os . é/ x 3 & ' > *. | nN eaauabung\ ,Y v4 Po “ : 2 < . pd PUDPLIDY 3)
: a } 2 = we VaRSIyIUlM 2 2 9 prog epig > 2 i ° 9: : yor" ; . : : oS uel “pie. ra
LS] PmeE ayinsdh ~— DYaIDMEPIIY Sowa f = | / JIAO f epfayOePequrle sy 10 WHEE uitjd
~ pt a \Apuenz S| — The 10. 1P HNO do19.J0D, Kungsfes \ = | OQWOIDL > ae Fe) 4h,
2uogsproy pyosp]! Oras ys Foyssep y, 78¥/°S JoQe MSP LG | // o: Sy king ; | uP
ic... jeuuey9 /92SI4g S aEDDS UPD Hast eh ae .d pers - 3 puv/e. 104 YP 1ON >See S :
i ayoP. Jt " SseUse? .* sauPpyy = 7 SSPUsIOL As | yo == {ii P : imyODIG fp ote o =a
H Aa “Ww g8 ov JaqE MH IDS ce ig Beis F | > 5 poodyant = Pp sung ' ae ST / or |S 2
azDn ‘ ay VOX C 2 so ysullled 90" AH Ee = ns E * uoay ug * : eats x : 7 pyQuarDo,
oe dS : 6 ~ = = ee 2 = EG f 7] a9: ——— Ae ¢ ~ vey wreyssoy ar , : g = a 48H Psopxoy
. wf at0wun ee P. Pe yhupeXrogy a) ST = ~WVHONIW US ee Nn ; Z j me Ys Sure HS Te
° / P Je 2 e AN PH OP uBIg | me, * foaopsegy y r: Y ' § ° Fr Shoot = ota “| ‘Q 1]
Tethgfy -2yanigue UF a) a YOR ' \) x JO. DIS eS ae) oS ae Nouns , FP “ee > | —
douse $<) 2yors), % “HEL ave 08 i = Bee \ tly ‘ ; ONILIOC N Por , * NAN Ss 7 . ;O
oh | aljsuopy gNu (T = PLOJ YO, 8 : 457 = 1a “Go| 59 - enoog” a “ny Oz! sang =P Y -
* v 3H Agurso 7 Q = / ee : | pH A ; kas f = | io ; ‘ 4) : = Dot auhjg: pH
usngs( ARs ee oa utd Be C 7 iin } " jy} P Wwhg (is 7h = | “tis 98E BJ aguPH se ‘
gid g % : iw ZLe | oo7 oosbury y av UDAD). at... 12 i SS “it = =~ SSS = = MA thyoy
‘ap yinasogeny = ; pon 7 PeLny> Uso ? == Ao}! ‘d ‘4 \s, 11242%9f 7 ‘Fees = 2 | \, \
uo}. 72 /[DUptON 0 mespj buesDy | KaswoyP 4 E ; i ee iydin0.109.109 S100 ‘ = ee .
o* Qulys4so, H ah ‘ ; i ee | S HS t2g 3: Lau = IMS? % zs ie .. Oe . a y a: + uorbu
MOLIING £ as oe / Fi > Ynon $? JO ? PHM, pH ; = = , > te = ; Ss or | z om oad : ;
3NO 2 =. = ; F Z | CO. / Of}LD, r* Ss EP 3 an =. ; }. fie on™’ n) ajoh * | Ss Pa
$anee tee eaes | ———— = = : | e Posoyse & Le a y! | = ———— Ss | 3, pupopuns - *
Jape S ws § E # _ go5e : === SS = Wea Fi Ze a —— AiJsepuop F = =
& _ yeas é / SR RRP r= Be i 000'000'S ‘L 2189S Jeunyen pak: ma, See a f f a — eae
“a _ - / SONYV1SI 6 | ome * r . EE ee " § yg — te oon na manne nse
asliietehereneseesiioaisnateesnlihiadiienaeneotecsansnrsnacis ey sur peorpdessoen
yBanqurpy oy, fd r ve Kesusong (4) PEP) Fo F sem epansuoy {i} 9 ay 8 (q)

36 BRITISH ISLES— “PHYSICAL

| British Statute Miles 69:16~1 Degree

60 | 20 40 ao. 80~«aOD:—«akOsti‘<Cza“ONSO

Eilométres 1113 —1 Degree fos: beter 40 BO 320 160 200 240

Natural Scale 1: 6,500,000 |

islands
}

5 oe At

& | Pent | | | MSS spPcapsbay Hf | ‘Se t i : | ~~ J

) ;
| | | ee ue.

K 9 Se Fz: ort if } | =3 40-50 | G reat ef ; Xx } \ Bank SS The i : oa 1 ¢ t

: a Ns URN SY L, | me <a) Oy |) es
ofa Distr o Pre ex

‘Umben | = OuterGows Rg : R Meddack } a a : Tesoe! x i Leman ij | f PS a Bank | = ,

:
oN ' Nah a4 Ggecnaryon
ickiipw He
: Brown \ : Rid Sas.

52 / ‘ HH Hoptdif &° > 4 * pe o/) = we = . . sey \) | : Y 7 f . ~ . ey . 1455 =— ;

Eh C Cini Se | as Yay oS oe ne a ht is ) , / pe Pc a ——<—<—_<} \2 —_ a houatay ¢ :
b Sein dg, i rey a ae back : Harwich | Ma : xe ° / . . eh ' | ¥ \) . zt : -< CG ¥ x
0 Pd by wy 15 ee 3 re f : : ¢ “one Wahoo = = : 5 aN f —— Wa a. | R. Schelde Ky Sons
Heddy? Kinsale rot? ! Walcheren F the! = iS West Schelde ae gate N. Foreldnd Mi \s
Goodwin Ostend da” gh / ) Lundy }% Hard@nd Px, ae 50

hag S a ChannePs,
“@ : : = : wee (< if y ae | 43000 Fect gp ic gt, ,1500 - | Ys ie ° ag
|
/
.
= ee, Guernsey» WgSark | D Islands. JérseyTQ

airnsgorms Ben Macdhui

C > ~Vap89 BenWyvis 3429. .po™ saig eS mpogsy 4296 3000 uillin Hills Ben More z169
ss un” : Le " 4284 ieee : sie 535 fee " Ben Klibre Oa? Khiby 3 S f ~ \ Lin? 3154 -
< / i” ae Ps A a, NS ” 2000+ / \ ys \ y es : i Grampian Mountains " . \ / \ 7 \ -
23g / Sieve z \ 7 “SJ \ NidhisiesidaLP ce, Hills . a 33 adruasp i oR r2 a ESP ass_-
— Sy
neg aN s ' ~~ — x ~ = ak ; ee / Mull eS é Hf \ Se Se ~\. Sidlaw Hills Br 159 \ P
7 : Arthur's Seat™ 22 Sf, all at -__Plain of Forth and Clyde Boomongy /“S____>” x
stabbe

Snowdon 3560 at ir oe ret , Scafell, “fo? 45 A \ sae am =o Helvelbys oy y \ er » ee

~ 3118 * 0 * } 7 / < ‘ 6° per re Snaefell / . MSS \ >> Whe rnside Ab. st? (LefManj
J \ / 2, 4 Gambrien MF pha Fl The Peak 2088 ‘ < _—-—~ TT OS . . D3 20 "4 ait. ?

y a _ My oS ee y yet Be re ees ene

_ Mountains of North Wales Se Pennine Charm Sh, fy - - NS Oa a CD ~ Buaawonloe >>.
ae Sil The Wolds s> Central : . aT il
10004

NORTH
Se ee

The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

Bt ar _ RAINFALL AND TEMPERA’ TURE The Citizen’s Atlas 37

“. Pfs Ness N~O

i. Firth’ af Forth a 4 i wn", — — a me ~Pytttn—.. Bs, ‘ ||
; } Berw ree |
rm f sina " - 220g 7 ee i 1%. ee lee iy 4 ms a) ee - 7 [ ————— eee neesnsa-—
eepiamennenin ——-—— a 3) oe: SCALE OF | I Zins | ANNUAL RAINFALL / stipend acuern |
re 3° remperaTure | eee cmon COLOURING |] Ome. AND TIDAL FLOW , vl wal iat ANNUAL
TEMPERATURE . Shekband COLOURING | | a y, Y i | 1] ’ ( ET} | | | a z | 1 ||
(Actual) ‘ Era if +25 incnes || | ; fl A | } |] 50 FAHR. | a | \ | / z | | Note \ /
" 30 1] | Q | The advance of the Nidal : / | ex’ 1 a at Ri | Wave is indicated by
the [Vi /vu , | 1 SS v — | | lines on the Sea and. the | : sO | | {0 2 r es 46 | |
Roman Mwneaals show / | | | p27 | the Hour of High Water . / “Firth 4 | RS gees
Butt of Leh , 14 The direction of the Tidal hia .* || | ————- | | Current before
High Water Sto x 40 a 30 i 7 [ = | ; is shown thus oe > j : eo / 7 tick ™ Y 4 it |
i after Hiah Water -———» | 2; &}\i oy a ‘ | % a” The , = F | 442 | o% > 43 Minch *C
>= 7 1 \ ns = fer 1] | No eae i | ke | | \ = :@ vi é | [Link] $ 1] \ Pod wy Q |
i) } \ 40 iN y \S | |e $. Fisk} | \ ome | .o =< i$ xX | > LY = i ie | A 7 \ bled Pd
\ Lan sy c. 1] | | 4a yp 7 tes | ~u__| . ho “Ole ae ff: morose iwi | aa Tirees .3 ;
* | ~ “Ye | | T 4 | | eG. i « ce of Tay ~\ R T H | | | \ wr ii

i ‘= 1 4 y oS A t ; ’ 1 ] | Tory Kaye \ = = “VID a) I me » 1D = i f i

Moors a, yy |
4s s AL - y wy
ly, Pe: PA
| 6 eS. \? Pfs \ = | gots yy
re Mesh 7

| OCA sx x ety 5, | | cal y - - * “

‘al oe i =e nBlyth ~~] . 0

wee Or a elds a rey »

Heth wf \\s

Dawnpute ag y ~ 1] | 40 ‘G 7 1 ~~ J | | O | | J | Dundalk Ui ’ i} | | (XT a oe 1 ,

* = 1] | Dragheda.4 at | oT . a ta sh) 7 R S\ a | w~7 t 7 Nee. ‘ ~ V — i] | 3 ) Ss
| tl Hd oa y : ¢ \ ) - ae Spurn ike =—* | | DUB &- | | . ath pn oY j . f Gt Grams \
I i Atha Chinet a avian 4 BL SyPieg red 300) Ye ; pe | | | ,iy — / \

rae) ; 1, bs ly

Le & a SS eit | y a x |!
2 Suffolk { - V ¢ LY 2 (Cc ? . y Pe \ . i cde et Ce. rt Dots ul / HarwinZ, 4 OR rea
<7 e He: ez. } . i a | u sol 28 ie ce chester ~Z
= ’ 4 ; IS ——— ; >. i ged ORT a
{/ K L &

> ws ¥ : : — . ! Pri 4, 4, kn ) oe, # > 4 4 b| LONDON Thamtss= agheckre 88 | ee “pl

C Cle ti La Spreenw phen Kans ie 25 I} : t+— om AGEL ~ e ay Agr || : os A 4 A j | —
~ ; a it English Miles o 20 40 60 30 ido | | jk English Milos _ —— 3 f~ | | i] ? 20
40 60 30 Wo PAr, = P > | it : * Y / i} - / 400A ) j } | N | ~ / eo , TN. Lands na
Sly ‘ VO stage Pt Ss) H , A| VY 4 \ / a aw 7 Kidys stoma [SS E y f| | (Ee _____ Sa
a : ~~ a , ake er a 6 Fn i <n — a Midgard = = ees = 7 a : aes : = = — = — y a“ ae
hs ‘ x ORE ee aa vere ——— — = h Vy —<—= - | - ———— ] nt WwW j | 7s enV i | | Ge, |
SCALE OF |

> TEMPERATURE
JANUARY TEMPERATURE + Sheftena COLOURING | JULY TEMPERATURE 3 ttfand (Actual) e | |
} (Actual) i
| 60° FAHR. j

50
30

The Figures indicate the | ee in Deg. Fahr.

wal |

Meee ae een | ns ne were & pee | 1] | | F | ’ | . co 7 Kinposs | a As wf. ef yaieer

F< | g Af Dribarton ak | ea ha LS. pig hinksige %e bur “pr ft — oe OCE iB Ngee
Glasgow er = Y £ A k Z | { ; ; A r 7} Peebles gashiels:’ ‘ = ‘ I | A. . 491 ayhr-
iy (C3 © *~ lakark om ee = Sy | ) J : ) [Link]’3.0 < . )
a ays * Ps a yr f gil

pos ; Sortin mberlz

_ Newoastles Shield:

® a aN a ShetYieleh y 7 Le = ». ebimcovr e Chastar . \ a ea A Derby Slotiinghan Z.

2. || | Staiford ptt — 5 ‘ “ Ps Norw : ce Leitheter, Ratead/7 Norfolle fe ae , Jat,
Patt or 5 = Burrriaig igre = Poverty ~ ee Ps -/ SB ring are” F* othe a pf POMC
Agaipgde pis fete oe es = eWarpuk -. . - ¢ Suffolk 2 Waghalohe Suffolk
: Lay ee ~ Colchester ~F ? "heen batt ‘? Gyr
— ‘aa, ¥ = . | Pas ae ae 4 rrey’ > Kent

usse Enohlish Miles

= > *< b 7 ~ /—— ’. Sa
he we " °ton, & 25° # @0 60 wo

English Miles oo | om 20 4o 60 80 100

a oo

| ench S » Miles 69:-16—1 De

| 0 Wrath poaeag it British Statute Miles 6 agree: : ial Butt of Lewis 9 o 720 40
60 80 100
| rh nr s*
AI Wick Kilométres 11:3 ~1 Degree | | Fy Oo 320 40 = RO = 100 wo "y40_:«160 1 al
eee ' } | im | ope clmsds le The menses: | Principal Industrial - Lé iT 74, : . ]
Minch oo $ Golspte — J Regions
Harrts Wane apool Dornoch Pa
| i ils 4 Tarr uN sv oo : rt i ao" of Gairloch Invergordopeg Lot 0 4s go oe
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Fer ; ad aS | ‘W Petephead
b es eo 7 ‘ te ae fy hy Faveramsdy
‘Alford * —— 2

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x “y pitlo Pd Brechina. - _
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C 2 C : KE Fj L i‘g

NV O RR F-

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he Cootehill ™ Ra Fe, a 3 = Barrow | ate hapron e SS Dundi 7 wt € : Castletown Hey
sh Hila tL === é i, Se R We LON. 3, : : . ; 5 : = Fleetwood as Aastlere* 208.
Longtorit. ast ey hed - y Se Ss A S ea Riadeiool E rogheda = ackpoo => Sin Ten < \
foscommayiy Mall; ane, als Wave > “2, Sipiinare 7 Tuam NSan\ Adv 7 tea “a Southport
’ Ar. thione 2 Trim “. allinas tre are 7 % pee © Rox Ke. ct ; (Siz i? Howth <5 ig
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Pugsto wn AranT! o SS Ip Portimml., 2 Bi i ¥ o> 2 / mM ate 4 J Mil 7 R te ary mf
Lach : Miltow% 3 —c- ; (OSC GK, Pie Noe wie Wicklow ae + hele Malbay; 0 “nap ae > :
\ / ay 2 59 - ‘ Be? Ww {

es = 2 Fiese = 4 Pe ml hd hee! Z ioc Tipperary

Enrpscorthy
alee Harter? i Sees Clonma ——: iy : X, ; i ' » pWextord Fy A ~ “ -ngle B. <a A pr
foe » C ~ " Va ents a RRY Ww Fem Bakiy . hea rina Pishgyii . = Td Bay, toh i oe @ °
Goodwitk ‘ 2 4 at frer™ nef 0" 0 Harwich ~ © 4 = oy B- = ct U = = 7 7 Walton par
ull 7 New ALLL Facton: Mic a °° pee "Ss o Pem quot rete oO M- - re Sheerne$* -
yargate B OES amsqate oetc ax - : ae é ‘ Vrury’ Lifracorab, Lyrton 4 a 7 Lundy z& =
F a ea , a) : FS Ne | ‘ over,e incest ar ; e ley a PE 7 <a \ Pn Cn, ‘Vi RS a AF ">
Shey: Sf feta lee EA ae 3 / Exeter *, K ot) : % = Padstow Cun - yd “4 *s. of, 2 =
tn ps “oy tay, “ne i/ | Mewton Ly * 2s t P25 Povey 2, ¥ "ire, 7 “, oa) 5 . ie
a> : . u Le Pe, ye tmouth wise King sbri Lands ya Imouth ~ E : Vv + - . = End A Gt,
Tt Ss a C-7f AN Ne Setlly TS b ; Lizard H?

OCCUPATIONS OF THE POPULATION (AGED 12 YEARS AND UPWARDS)

0 | | | | | |
AGRICULTURE and FISHING—1,283,00

INDUSTRIAL—8,656,000 | UNOCCUPIED—12,422,000
DOMEST/IC—2,016,000

PROFESSIONAL—666,000 COMMERCIAL—3,043,000

CLERKS and TYPISTS—997,000

GOVERNMENT and DEFENCE, 514,000

SCOTLAND ——

/INDUSTRIAL—1,121,000 )
CLERKS | AGRICULTURE TYPISTS|; & FISHING 127000 216,000

COMMERCIAL 380,000
DOMESTIC 199,000

The Edinburgh Geographical Institute

Natural Scale 1: 4,400,000 =
/

BRITISH ISLES—ROADS" The Citizen’s Atlas 39 |

= tland F. irth unnet HS . Johto Groats 1] British Staturte Miles 69-16—] Degree
— ———————— = a J a / oO 20 40 860 80 100 |

Kilométres 111-3 =] Degree

— eee A - -—+——_— -- —+ } o 20 40 60 aO 100 20 140 27860 |

& Duspsss
Lochinve % North
Minch

—— = Main Roads ——_ Other Roads |

"liad Lossiemouth ee Re | Wood/and, Grass and

°F, = elt _____! Cultivated Land
j Peterhead Moorland, Hill Pasture, de. | oi

StKilde.

mea a

~ firth of Tay e: port = “S S* Andrews

> Fife Ness |
lie bs - 4 | girth of Forth | North Berwick
onsay 2 ag ay tn Leet mayetioions ie = i y (Wr TAG = Ai oe NG 2 TT |

‘Q. Shields | \ } «Sunderland

Port Patrick
a Tickfergue wares
Workington : Whitehaven / ‘ S* Bees HY a
ull of Gailoway

Don ofa’ Bay Donaghadee

| Ballsshanne hin, 4 Suntors

Belim Te
ridlington :

Bar dy

oe Achill i ae
O Acnil! Calf of Man i

0’
Morec8™ : py * J Bee Fleetwood ee va : 7 veri Blackpool} DR )"* BRAGS RDS 7 a BS
Aas aa {a 7 Pen ie |

Southport

HOLYHEAD 2

Aram \3 2, Lisdoonvany
a
Miltown Maibay Sa se

|
4 Gt Yarmouth

Lowestoft

outhwold | : | |
Dunwich |

ned f Bay “/ S Cornsore Pt

| | | |
“se Felixstowe
1] ——F Harwich |

lacton-on-Sea ia}

> Thor nes } e Me [Link] heerness te rgate | Bristol] Westone — ey 4 4 ‘gaa } > c
a 3 Gai . : Channel ane =f JBasing eb 5 PR z pi Ne : Nfracomby 2 amoutn Are : ‘
latory th — i : Lundy) , x: 5 : Bert Hartland Pf ii ’ i] | ee | | ' | i} if. ’ ¥ y
| 7s C_Ht A WN A-E ZL 1 lel | | | " | i ee | = 2 = SS —$_____—_— — - ~ - ——— - ; =
—

a ,

ROUGH GRAZING
ARABLE LAND—9,176,000 Acres PERMANENT PASTURE—13,444,000 Acres 3,575,000 |

WALES +3 i}
- a se =——s : FS. | |
ARABLE LAND, 657,000 Acres | PERMANENT PASTURE—2,104,000 Acres ROUGH GRAZING—1,
778, 000 Acres: ] |
SCOTLAND |

Peed

PERMANENT, PASTURE ROUGH GRAZING—9,501,000 Acres |

|
x3 z +2 = ~ : pes ? eh is ag - ey ‘ : ' = John. Barthol TL & Se [Link] | Natural
Scale 1:4,400,000

Continued 47
Continued 45

Mahne
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Neley f ependens \\ ihe es chyey “Gath ae poe, fae A fy, — 106m. | dy(e! nye We
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A. ; 4h | A | JHalliwelid por / ne, ot Foulnes s Point Le Foulness 138 miles s L
Sanda . Maplin 0 Ro ter i ponder } ; Mapli we ‘ | ns MY Sands > at e / r Fea, shoe
RIESE ilouse LY. | 8s CrapmarT* , Flushing 109 m. |) Tp — Gy | oo : cams Hever
RIVER...THAMES- aaa =e ———— =< iS Princes. Channel Queenborough 1 prvechomede st!
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she ae, fe i = ik oFaet | fee fi her ey OR ” Wor Sedeold Tnycsto . Goodwin | | yr
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tif f f * Pilon: ated foeniton, SS We ert, of / ingsdown 92+ | ID IE yp —- . [Link]
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Op penuijzu0y

Continued 65

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