Instruction AGC Portal
AGC Portal Instruction
Contents
AGC Portal Instruction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1．Overview ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Intended User .............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Terminology ................................................................................................................ 2
2．System Requirement ........................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Operation System ........................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Support Software ......................................................................................................... 3
3．AGC .................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 AGC Control Level ..................................................................................................... 3
3.2 AGC Control Sequence ............................................................................................... 4
3.3 AGC Distribution ........................................................................................................ 5
3.4 AGC Frequency Regulation Compensation ................................................................ 5
3.5 AGC Constrains .......................................................................................................... 7
4．Usage ................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 AGC Control Display .................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Sequence of Enable AGC .......................................................................................... 13
4.3 Sequence of Quit AGC .............................................................................................. 14
4.4 AGC Alarms .............................................................................................................. 14
Bailey Document No. Language Revision Page
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Instruction AGC Portal
1．Overview
1.1 Introduction
As an advanced function of power plant, AGC (Automatic Generating Control) is designed to
running units in flexible, economic and safe states in controlling active power in group. The software
(AGC Portal) is connecting with 800xA based on OPC and complete the function of AGC.
1.2 Intended User
This instruction can be used by anyone who want to know the information about AGC, especially
for the operator and administrator in hydro power plant.
1.3 Terminology
AGC Automatic Generating Control
DC Dispatch Center
OPC Ole for Process Control
IC Individual Control
JC Joint Control
ICAP Individual Control Active Power
JCAP Joint Control Active Power
2．System Requirement
2.1 Operation System
AGC Portal supports the operation system as follows:
1) Windows XP x86 Service pack 2 or later / Windows 2003 x86 Service pack 2 or later
2) Windows 7 x86 or x64 / Windows Server 2008 R2（recommended）
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Instruction AGC Portal
2.2 Support Software
AGC Portal uses the Excel to configure its database. Before usage of AGC Portal, the Office Excel
must be installed first. Up to now, AGC Portal supports the following version:
1) Microsoft Office 2010
2) Microsoft Office 2013（recommended）
In addition, all platforms need to install Microsoft Access Database Engine 2010 Redistributable
package(x86) (AccessDatabaseEngine.exe) and Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable
Package (x86) (vcredist_x86.exe).
3．AGC
3.1 AGC Control Level
The control of plant units is divided into two levels by AGC. And a plant control right is also added
by AGC.
1) Unit Control Level
From the Unit Control Level, there are two modes available for unit control, one is “JCAP”, and
another is “ICAP”. Unit of JCAP can be controlled by AGC and not by operator, the Unit of ICAP
can only be controlled by operator but not by AGC.
The unit can be switched to JCAP only by operator. Also in anytime, operator can select ICAP for
unit, and in some cases, AGC can switch the unit to ICAP from JCAP.
2) Plant Control Level
At the plant control level there are two modes available, one is JCAP, and another is ICAP. When
the “plant in joint” is selected and plant global set point could be activated, the active power set
point of units which are in JCAP is calculated and distributed by the AGC. When “plant in individual”
is selected, the global set point will not be activated, the local set point and dispatch set point will
track the actual active power of plant.
Operator can switch the plant control in this two modes anytime. Sometimes, the AGC will
automatically switch this control mode form JCAP to ICAP.
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Instruction AGC Portal
3) Plant Control Right
There are 2 modes available for plant control. One is “local plant”, another is “dispatch center”.
When plant is in JCAP mode and plant control right is “dispatch center”, the plant active power set
point of AGC is got from the set point by dispatch center. When plant is in JCAP mode and plant
control right is “local plant”, the plant active power of AGC is got from the set point by local plant.
When plant is in ICAP mode, the set points of local plant and dispatch center will track the actual
value of plant active power.
In any time, operator can switch the control right between these two modes.
3.2 AGC Control Sequence
Dispatch Center Local
MW Setpoint MW Setpoint
PLT_CTRL_RIGHT = LOCAL
JCAP
PLT_CTRL_RIGHT = DC
(MW)
Frequency
Regulation
Compensation
PLT_CTRL_MODE = JCAP
MW Distribution
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit N
MW Setpoint MW Setpoint MW Setpoint
... MW Setpoint
JCAP JCAP JCAP ICAP
PLT_CTRL_LOOP = CLOSED PLT_CTRL_LOOP = CLOSED PLT_CTRL_LOOP = CLOSED
Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3
Power Regulation Power Regulation Power Regulation
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Instruction AGC Portal
3.3 AGC Distribution
In every calculating cycle, AGC reads the plant active power set point PSET , and calculate the actual
active power of plant PACT and the actual active power of units in ICAP PAGC . Then distribute the
remained active power PAGC in JCAP units:
PAGC = PSET - PAGC
PiAGC = F (PAGC ,P1ACT ,P2ACT ,...,PnACT ) (i = 1,2,L ,n )
n : The number of units in JCAP
PnACT : The current active power of the unit of number n in JCAP
PiAGC : The distributed active power of the unit of number I by AGC
The distribution algorithm subjects to following constrains:
1) Unit cannot be running in vibration zone.
2) Unit cannot cross vibration zone frequently.
3) When the plant active power set point greater than actual active power of plant, if possible
units will not decrease active power; when the plant active power set point less than actual
active power of plant, if possible units will not increase active power.
4) Unit cannot be regulated frequently.
When increasing active power, the unit in least output will be arranged to increase within
UNIT_APR_STEPSIZE. When decreasing, the unit in most output will be arranged to decrease
within UNIT_ARP_STEPSIZE. The power left will be arranged to other unit with the same
principle, which is designed to decrease the times of the set point changes for unit.
3.4 AGC Frequency Regulation Compensation
If the frequency regulation function is activated and the system frequency crosses over the dead
band f DB , AGC will calculate the compensation of active power PCOMPENSATION based on the
frequency difference:
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Instruction AGC Portal
PCOMPENSATION = F (f ACT - f STD )
fSTD : System standard frequency
fACT : System actual frequency
Then, AGC will add this compensation to the plant active power set point PSET to generate the
final set point PAGCSET :
PAGCSET = PSET + PCOMPENSATION
In default frequency regulation mode, frequency difference fD is got as follows:
fD = fACT - (fSTD + fDB )(fACT > fSTD + fDB )
fD = 0(fSTD - fDB £ fACT £ fSTD + fDB )
fD = fACT - (fSTD - fDB )(fACT < fSTD - fDB )
PCOMPENSATION is calculated as follows:
- fD
åi
n
PCOMPENSATION = ´ PiRated
b p ´ f STD =1
b p : Permanent Droop
n : The number of generation units
åi
n
=1
PiRated : Total rated active power of generation units
Take Yunnan province, China’s requirements as example:
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Instruction AGC Portal
Frequency regulation in Yunnan province
f low f normal f high
o o o o o
49.5Hz 49.95Hz 50.0Hz 50.05Hz 50.5Hz
delta = ((50.0-f)-0.05)/(50.0*ep)*p_rated delta = ((50.0-f)+0.05)/(50.0*ep)*p_rated
delta = 0
1. delta is plant active power compensation, can be positive or negative;
2. p_rated is the total rated active power of generation units;
3. ep is the permanent droop, it's 0.04 in Yunnan;
4. The frequency dead band is 0.05Hz;
5. Frequency regulation will be switched off when system frequency is over
49.5Hz~50.5Hz;
6. Frequency regulation can only be activated by operator.
3.5 AGC Constrains
3.5.1 Enable Conditions of JCAP for Single Unit (Unit can be
put into JCAP only if all the conditions are met)
1) Unit is generating.
2) Unit is without electrical and mechanical trip.
3) Unit LCU is controlled remotely.
4) Governor control mode is remote auto.
5) Active power regulation is in close-loop.
3.5.2 Quit Conditions of JCAP for Single Unit (Anyone of the
conditions is not met result in unit quitting back to ICAP)
1) Unit is not generating.
2) Unit has an electrical or mechanical trip.
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Instruction AGC Portal
3) Unit LCU is not controlled remotely.
4) Governor control mode is not remote auto.
5) Active power regulation is not in close-loop.
6) Unit running water head is out of normal range.
7) Unit active power measurement is abnormal
There are 2 measurement points, PT1 is usually from transducer and another PT2 is usually from
power meter. PT1 is selected as default. If PT1 abnormal, take PT2. If PT1 & PT2 are both abnormal,
unit active power is identified as abnormal. Measurement abnormalities include two conditions. One
is channel failure and another is measured value out of normal range. Either is met lead to abnormal
measurement.
3.5.3 Enable Conditions of JCAP for Plant (Plant can be put into
JCAP only if all the conditions are met)
1) Plant water level measurement is normal.
Either of the upstream water level and the downstream water level is abnormal, plant water level
measurement is abnormal. Measurement abnormalities include two conditions. One is channel
failure and another is measured value out of normal range. Either is met lead to abnormal
measurement.
2) System frequency is not out of normal range.
3) Plant is without fault (All the units connected to grid are without trip signal）.
4) There is one unit of JCAP at least.
5) The active power measurement is normal for all the units connected to grid.
6) Dispatch communication is normal (If AGC control right is got by dispatch center).
3.5.4 Quit Conditions of JCAP for Plant （ Anyone of the
conditions is not met result in plant quitting back to ICAP）
1) Plant water level measurement is abnormal
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Instruction AGC Portal
Either of the upstream water level and the downstream water level is abnormal, plant water level
measurement is abnormal. Measurement abnormalities include two conditions. One is channel
failure and another is measured value out of normal range. Either is met lead to abnormal
measurement.
2) System frequency is not out of normal range.
3) Plant is with fault (Any one of the units connected to grid is with trip signal).
4) None of units is in JCAP.
5) The active power measurement is abnormal for one of the units connected to grid.
6) Unit state suddenly change.
Generation state (actual power > 10% rated active power), pumping state, generation condense state
and pumping condense state disappear suddenly.
7) Dispatch communication is broken (If AGC control right is got by dispatch center).
4．Usage
4.1 AGC Control Display
The display of AGC is showed as follows:
From the functional point of view, the display of AGC is divided into 4 parts, plant load set point
area, AGC running status and parameters area, plant running status and parameters area and unit
running status and parameters area.
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Instruction AGC Portal
4.1.1 The Plant Load Set Point Area
1) DC
Plant active power set point from dispatch. If plant control right is dispatch center, it’s the source of
the plant active power set point.
2) Local
Plant active power set point from local plant. If plant control right is local plant, it’s the source of
the plant active power set point.
3) AGC
The plant active power set point calculated by AGC.
4.1.2 The AGC Running Status and Parameters Area
1) AGC Server: DS1, DS2
AGC application is running on both DS1 and DS2 at the same time to improve the reliability. But
in any time only one server can enable AGC functionality. This button is used to switch servers
AGC is actually enabled on.
2) AGC on: On
Only when it’s on, plant control level is JCAP, AGC start to distribute load between different units;
when it’s off, and plant control level is ICAP, AGC trace plant actual power, the actual plant active
power is set as the value of DC set point, Local set point and AGC set point.
3) Ctrl Right: DC, Local
This button is used for switch between two plant control rights. One is DC, and another is Local.
4) Ctrl Mode: Open-Loop, Closed-Loop
When the control mode is Open-Loop, the AGC is active and performing all calculations, however,
control is not issued to the JCAP units; when the control mode is Closed-Loop, the AGC is active,
performing all calculations and issuing controls to the JCAP units.
5) FR on: On
The default state of frequency regulation function is enabled (FR is on). When FR is off, the
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frequency regulation function is disabled.
4.1.3 The Plant Running Status and Parameters Area
1) Plant Fault
It’s the indication of Plant fault. When it’s lighted up, AGC will switch to off and the control mode
will switch into Open-Loop.
2) Inc AP Lock
When plant actual active power is near the plant active power high limit, this light will light up to
prevent AGC from increasing the plant active power.
3) Dec AP Lock
When plant actual active power is near the plant active power low limit, this light will light up to
prevent AGC from decreasing the plant active power.
4) Upstream Water LVL
Water level of upstream reservoir.
5) Downstream Water LVL
Water level of downstream reservoir
6) System Frequency
Current system frequency.
7) FR AP Compensation
The active power compensation calculated by AGC through the difference between system
frequency and system standard frequency. It can be positive or negative. This value be added to
active power set point to generate the final set point used by AGC.
8) APR Dead band
Plant active power regulation dead band. Only if the difference between final plant active power set
point and plant actual active power is greater than this value, AGC distributes load between units
again.
9) APR Ramp
Plant active power regulation step. Only if the difference between final plant active power set point
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Instruction AGC Portal
and plant actual active power is less than this value, AGC distributes load between units again.
10) AP H Limit
Plant active power high limit calculated by AGC.
11) AP L Limit
Plant active power low limit calculated by AGC.
4.1.4 The Unit Running Status and Parameters Area
1) Real AP
Unit actual active power.
2) Allocated AP
Allocated active power for unit by AGC
3) AGC on: On
This button is used for switch between unit JCAP and ICAP. On is JCAP, Off is ICAP.
4) APR DB
Unit active power regulation dead band. Only if the difference between unit active power set point
and unit actual active power is greater than this value, AGC sends the regulating command to LCU
to regulate the unit.
5) APR Step
Step of unit active power regulation. It’s used in the AGC distribution, please refer to “AGC
Distribution” for details.
6) Generation
Unit is in generation state.
7) Governor RA
Governor of unit is in remote auto mode.
8) Ctrl Remote
Unit active power is controlled remotely.
9) Inc AP Lock
When unit actual active power is near the unit active power high limit, this light will light up to
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prevent AGC from increasing the unit active power.
10) Dec AP Lock
When unit actual active power is near the unit active power low limit, this light will light up to
prevent AGC from decreasing the unit active power.
11) AP H Limit
The max output of unit at current water head calculated by AGC.
12) AP L Limit
The min output of unit at current water head calculated by AGC.
4.2 Sequence of Enable AGC
1）Check AGC control right. AGC gets different set point through this value. Usually AGC control
right should be DC.
2）Check control mode. Make sure the control mode keeps in Open-Loop mode before switch the
plant control level to JCAP. Only if the control mode is Closed-Loop, AGC performs all calculations
and issues controls to the JCAP units. If in Open-Loop, AGC only calculates and doesn’t issue
controls to JCAP units.
3）Check frequency regulation function. Usually this function should be activated.
4）Check plant active power set point by DC and local plant. Make sure these values remain same
as the plant actual active power before switch the plant control level to JCAP.
5）Check unit allocated active power. Make sure these values remain same as the related unit active
power before switch the plant control level to JCAP.
6）Switch units to JCAP one by one according to actual requirement.
7）Switch plant control level to JCAP. After this, check the allocated active of every unit. If
reasonable, go to next step, otherwise quit plant AGC according to instructions of the next part of
this document.
8）Switch plant control mode to Closed-Loop. After this, check the allocated active power of every
unit. If right, the sequence ends, otherwise quit plant AGC according to instructions of the next part
of this document.
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Instruction AGC Portal
4.3 Sequence of Quit AGC
1）Switch plant control mode to Open-Loop.
2）Switch plant control level to ICAP.
3）Switch unit control level to ICAP.
4.4 AGC Alarms
In following cases, plant control level will switch to ICAP automatically:
1）Plant AGC Alarm_Water Level Bad Quality or Over Limit
2）Plant AGC Alarm_Gross Water Head Bad Quality
3）Plant AGC Alarm_System Frequency Over Limit
4）Plant AGC Alarm_Plant Fault
5）Plant AGC Alarm_No JCAP Units
6）Plant AGC Alarm_Unit Active Power Bad Quality
7）Plant AGC Alarm_Unit State Change Suddenly
8）Plant AGC Alarm_Dispatch Communication Broken
In following cases, plant will only generate a warning message:
1）Plant AGC Alarm_Active Power Set Point over Limit
2）Plant AGC Alarm_Active Power Set Point over Step Limit
In following cases, unit control level will switch to ICAP automatically:
1）Unit AGC Alarm_Gross Water Head Bad Quality
2）Unit AGC Alarm_Unit Active Power Bad Quality
3）Unit AGC Alarm_Unit Trip
4）Unit AGC Alarm_Unit State Change Suddenly
5）Unit AGC Alarm_Net Water Head Bad Quality
6）Unit AGC Alarm_Active Power Not Controlled Remotely
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Instruction AGC Portal
Rev. Page (P) Description Date
ind. Chapt. (C) Dept./Init.
A Initial Version 6/3/2011
B Released for Long Jiang 9/29/2011
C Released for Buon Tua Srah 10/11/2011
D Released for Coca Coda 4/2/2015
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