CONCEPT AND IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATION
ii
FOREWORD
First, deepest gratitude is sent to Allah SWT because of His help, the team finished
writing Module 1 entitled “ The Elements and Types of English Communication ”.
Mastering English is a necessity in almost every daily activity. From several language
skills, speaking and reading skills are two important things that are needed in
academic life. To fulfill these needs, English team teaching of Subdirektorat
Perkuliahan Bersama Universitas Hasanuddin has prepared modules for the General
English Course to provide the comprehension and experience of speaking and reading
activities in various contexts for Hasanuddin University students.
After studying Module 1, students are expected to be able to identify the elements of
communication including the senders, receivers, messages, channels, and feedback.
Another goal is to enable the students to identify types of English Communication
such as verbal and nonverbal communication. Hopefully, this module can help the
students to gain more knowledge and develop their skills in English. On the other
hand, the author realizes that this module is far from perfection, so suggestions are
highly respected.
Makassar, January 2023
Team Teaching
iii
Table of Contents
Cover ..................................................................................................... i
Foreword ............................................................................................ iii
Table of Contents ............................................................................... iv
Module 1............................................................................................... 1
A. Preface .......................................................................................... 1
B. Course Syllabus ............................................................................ 2
Learning Activity 1 ........................................................................... 17
A. Introduction ................................................................................ 17
B. Relevance .................................................................................... 17
C. Lesson Learning Outcome .......................................................... 17
1. Description............................................................................... 17
2. Conclusion ............................................................................... 22
3. References ............................................................................... 24
D. Formative Test ............................................................................ 24
E. Feedback ..................................................................................... 26
F. Assessment .................................................................................. 26
iv
MODULE 1
The Elements and Types of English Communication
============================================================
A. Preface
As the first lesson learning outcome, this learning activity offers the students to
learn the elements and types of English Communication. This is important to
understand as a basis for practicing speaking in various forms and themes. Based
on the syllabus, this chapter will be conducted in one meeting. In this module,
students will complete one learning activity starting with identifying the senders,
receivers, message, channel, and feedback. After that, the students are expected to
identify types of communication which consist of verbal and non-verbal
communication.
To get learning outcomes optimally, students are expected to follow the following
stages in studying this module.
a. Read the description of each Learning Activity. This stage is necessary for
students to get information from each stage,
b. Do the exercise according to the instructions provided,
c. Read the summary to know the essential aspects of each learning activity. But
the student was also asked to make a summary which the core of the learning
activity
d. Complete the formative test which exists in this module to measure the
effectiveness of the objectives of this learning activity without looking at the
answer key
e. If you think you have answered the formative test well, compare your answer
by looking at the answer key provided in the last part of this test. If your score
reached equal to or greater than 80% you proceed to the next learning
activities
1
Learning Activity 1
The Elements and Types of English Communication
A. Introduction
In today’s world everywhere competition can be seen so it is necessary for a
student to have good communication skills to get success and make a
beautiful career. In the development of communication skills, language plays
an important role for each person. The Study of the English language is very
important because is used as a medium of communication in most countries.
To achieve good communication, the students need to know the general view
of communication theory such as elements and types of English
communication as a basis for good communication. Knowing this topic
hopefully can help students to understand how to deliver and understand ideas
in English. This topic started to identify the senders, receivers, messages,
channels, and feedback. After that, they can learn about types of
communication which consist of verbal and nonverbal communication.
B. Relevance
After participating in these learning activities, students are expected to have
knowledge of the elements and types of communication in English. In this
module, students will complete one learning activity starting with identifying
the senders and receivers, message, channel, and feedback. After that, the
students are expected to identify types of communication which consist of
verbal and non-verbal communication.
B. Lesson Learning Outcome
1. Description
1.1. What is Communication?
The root of the word “communication” in Latin is communicare, which
means to share or to make common (Weekley, 1967). Communication is
defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning (Pearson &
17
Nelson, 2000). Based on this idea, Communication is the sending and
receiving of information and can be one-on-one or between groups of people,
and can be face-to-face or through communication devices.
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place,
person, or group to another. It is a process of sending and receiving messages
that enable humans to share knowledge, ideas, thoughts, information,
emotions, and attitudes. In communicating, language is a very important part
to transmit information, especially if we communicate with people from
different countries. Learning a new language requires learning a new culture,
ideas, and attitude by speaking, writing, listening, or reading.
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/
There are some problems, especially for Indonesians who have difficulties in
communicate in English. Sometimes Problems in communication happen
when the connection is lost between a speaker and a listener. To minimize
this problem, it is important to understand the elements and types of English
communication.
1.2 Elements of Communication
Elements of communication refer to the basic components involved in an act
of communication. These elements are also called the universals of
communication because they are present in every communication act.
18
https://rapidresponseblog.wordpress.com/
a. The sender
The communication process begins with the sender. The sender is the person
who shares and sends the message. The sender has some kind of information
— a command, request, question, or idea — that he or she wants to present
to others. For that message to be received, the sender must encode meaning
from the message in a form that can be understood, such as by the use of a
common language, and then transmit it.
b. The message
The second element of the communication process is the message or the
information that is being communicated. It is the subject matter of the
communication which is intended to be passed to the receiver from the
sender. Simply, it is the meaning transferred from the sender’s mind to the
receiver’s mind. This happens mainly in two ways: verbal and non-verbal
methods.
c. The receiver
The person to whom a message is directed is called the receiver. The receiver
is who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in
achieving the objectives, and responsible for decoding the meaning of the
message, and responsible for providing feedback to the sender.
d. The Channel/ Medium
It is the means by which the message is transmitted (medium), and it is the
tool that the sender and the receiver use to have a successful communication.
There are many categories of communication channels to describe their role
19
in the communication process including verbal, non-verbal, written, and
digital. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain
channels which may be either formal or informal ways.
e. Feedback
Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message
and understood it in the same sense as the sender meant it. It is important as
it determines whether or not the decoder (receiver) grasped the intended
meaning and whether the communication was successful.
1.3 Types of Communication
Based on communication channels/ medium, there are two types of
communication namely verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal
communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is
transmitted through spoken or written words. Here the sender gives words to
his feelings, thoughts, ideas, and opinions and expresses them in the form of
speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations.
Spoken/ Oral communication Written communication
Source: https://www.istockphoto.com/id/ilustrasi/oral-communication, http://clipart-
library.com/clipart/communication-clipart-51.htm
Verbal communication is further divided into oral communication and
written communication. In Oral communication, the transmission of orders,
messages, suggestions, and speech, through spoken words then its feedback
is immediate. The media of this form are face-to-face talks, lectures,
interviews, meetings, telephonic talks, conferences, seminars, workshops,
etc. In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to
20
communicate through printed texts or handwriting. The media of this form
are letters, manuals, fax, telegram, journal, etc.
Another type of communication is nonverbal communication. It is sending
and receiving wordless messages which means that it is the unspoken and
unwritten messages focusing on body language which includes facial
expression, gestures, eye contact, physical appearance, and body movement.
Facial Expression:
Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/types-of-nonverbal-communication-2795397
Gestures:
Source: https://stock.adobe.com/
21
Eye Contact:
Source: https://www.ebright.my/post/top-5-reasons-why-eye-contact-is-important
In daily life, we respond to thousands of nonverbal cues and behaviors,
including postures, facial expressions, eye gaze, gestures, and tone of voice.
Based on Hull (2016), 80% of what we communicate involves our actions
and gestures versus only 20% being conveyed with the use of words. Non-
verbal communication is the exchange of information or message between
two or more persons without using a word; it follows verbal communication
or use in a difficult situation when verbal language fails. Despite the fact that
verbal communication is easier to understand, non-verbal communication is
essential to understand not only a message but more which is the feeling
behind the message, then sometimes non-verbal cues can be more meaningful
than the words themselves.
In simply, verbal communication helps non-verbal ones in understanding the
message, and the usage of non-verbal communication can clarify even the
toughest message to understand. So, we can say that although they have
differences and similarities, they are interrelated and they still complete each
other because they go hand in hand.
2. Conclusion
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place,
person, or group to another. It is a process of sending and receiving messages
that enable humans to share knowledge, ideas, thoughts, information,
emotions, and attitudes. There are 5 basic elements in communication:
22
a. The sender is the person who shares and sends the message and encodes
meaning,
b. The message is the subject matter of the communication which is intended
to be passed to the receiver from the sender,
c. The receiver is who tries to understand the message in the best possible
manner in achieving the objectives, and responsible for decoding the meaning
of the message, and responsible for providing feedback to the sender,
d. The channel is the means by which the message is transmitted (medium),
and it is the tool that the sender and the receiver use to have a successful
communication. There are many categories of communication channels to
describe their role in the communication process including verbal, non-
verbal, written, and digital,
e. Feedback is important as it determines whether or not the decoder
(receiver) grasped the intended meaning and whether the communication was
successful.
Based on communication channels/ medium, there are two types of
communication namely verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal
communication is a type of oral communication wherein the message is
transmitted through spoken or written words. Here the sender gives words to
his feelings, thoughts, ideas, and opinions and expresses them in the form of
speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations. Another type of
communication is nonverbal communication. It is sending and receiving
wordless messages which means that it is the unspoken and unwritten
messages focusing on body language which includes facial expression,
gestures, eye contact, physical appearance, and body movement.
23
3. References
1. Boukhatem, A., 2019. Teaching Vocabulary Through Non-Verbal
Communication. Abdalhamid Ibn Badis University of Mostaganem
Faculty of Foreign languages Department of English.
2. Christianingsih. 2022. Mengapa Banyak Orang Indonesia Masih
Gagap Berbicara Bahasa Inggris?. Republika.co.id
3. Hull R. The art of nonverbal communication in practice. Hear J.
2016;69(5);22-24. doi:10.1097/01.HJ.0000483270.59643.cc
4. Pearson, J., & Nelson, P. (2000). An introduction to human
communication: Understanding and sharing (p. 6). Boston, MA:
McGraw-Hill.
5. Weekley, E. (1967). An etymological dictionary of modern
English (Vol. 1, p. 338). New York, NY: Dover Publications.
C. Formative Test
1. Communication is ...
a. important as it determines whether or not the decoder (receiver)
grasped the intended meaning and whether the communication was
successful
b. in the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group
to another. It is a process of sending and receiving messages that
enable humans to share knowledge, ideas, thoughts, information,
emotions, and attitudes
c. the person who shares and sends the message and encodes meaning
d. tools for transferring gestures to eye contact
2. Why “good communication” is important?
a. Because most Indonesian lack confidence
b. Because most Indonesians still do not have adequate English
vocabulary.
c. Because English is not our first language as Indonesian people.
d. Because in today’s world, everywhere competition can be seen so it is
necessary for a student to have good communication skills to get
success and make a beautiful career.
3. The elements of communication are ...
a. Sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback
24
b. Sender, message, non-verbal, receiver, and feedback
c. Sender, message, channel, receiver, and verbal
d. Verbal and non-verbal communication
e. Sender, message, channel, receiver, and idea
4. Verbal communication is ...
a. a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted
through spoken or written words.
b. focusing on body language which includes facial expression, gestures,
eye contact, physical appearance, and body movement.
c. the tool that the sender and the receiver use to have successful
communication
d. tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in
achieving the objectives, is responsible for decoding the meaning of
the message, and responsible for providing feedback to the sender
5.All of the following below are examples of non-verbal communication,
except ...
a. facial expression, gestures, eye contact
b. physical appearance, gestures, and body movement.
c. body movement, gestures, and eye contact
d. facial expression, gestures, eye contact, physical appearance, and
body movement.
e. speaking, writing, listening or reading
25
Key Answer:
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. a
5. e
D. Feedback
If you feel you have answered the formative test well, compare your answers
with the key answers provided in this module. If the calculation results show
that you have achieved a level of mastery equal to or greater than 80%, you
are welcome to proceed to the next learning activity. To find out the
percentage of mastery of the material in this learning activity 1, you can
simply calculate it using the following formula:
Number of correct answers
x 100 %
All the questions (or 5)
E. Assessment
Assignment 1:
1. Explain the elements of English communication!
2. Explain the types of English communication!
Assessment Rubric
Criteria Score Grade
• accuracy in identifying 5 definition of
elements in English 5 Very
communication (Senders , Receivers, Good
Message, Chanel, and Feedback)
• accuracy in identifying 2 types of
English communication (verbal and
non verbal communications)
• accuracy in identifying 2-4 definition
of elements in English
26
communication (Senders , Receivers, 3 Good
Message, Chanel, and Feedback)
• accuracy in identifying 1-2 types of
English communication (verbal and
non verbal communications)
• accuracy in identifying 1-2 definition
of elements in English 2 Poor
communication (Senders , Receivers,
Message, Chanel, and Feedback)
• accuracy in identifying 0-1 types of
English communication (verbal and
non verbal communications)
27
28
