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Duis 2

1. The document discusses differentiation under the integral sign (DUIS) using Leibniz's rule. It provides Rule 2 for DUIS, where both the upper and lower limits of integration are functions of the parameter being differentiated with respect to. 2. Three problems are presented that apply DUIS Rule 2 to solve for derivatives. The first problem shows that a function f(a) is independent of a. The second shows that differentiating a function f(x) three times yields an equation involving x. The third finds an expression for the second derivative of y in terms of y and f(x).

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prithviraj gavhane
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642 views8 pages

Duis 2

1. The document discusses differentiation under the integral sign (DUIS) using Leibniz's rule. It provides Rule 2 for DUIS, where both the upper and lower limits of integration are functions of the parameter being differentiated with respect to. 2. Three problems are presented that apply DUIS Rule 2 to solve for derivatives. The first problem shows that a function f(a) is independent of a. The second shows that differentiating a function f(x) three times yields an equation involving x. The third finds an expression for the second derivative of y in terms of y and f(x).

Uploaded by

prithviraj gavhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit IV : Integral Calculus

DUIS (Rule-2)

Faculty of Mathematics
Department of Applied Science and Humanities
Differentiation Under Integral Sign (DUIS)
Rule-2
𝑏(𝛼)
𝐼 𝛼 =න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝛼 𝑑𝑥
𝑎(𝛼)
Where 𝑎, & 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝛼 and 𝛼 is parameter.
If we want to differentiate 𝐼 𝛼 w r. to 𝛼 then we have to differentiate
Integral using Leibnitz’s rule Differentiate Differentiate
Upper Limit Upper Limit

𝑑 𝑏(𝛼) 𝑏 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝛼) 𝑑𝑏 𝑑𝑎
‫׬‬𝑎(𝛼)
𝑓 𝑥, 𝛼 𝑑𝑥 = ‫𝑥𝑑 𝛼𝜕 𝑎׬‬ + 𝑓 𝑏 𝛼 ,𝛼 − 𝑓 𝑎 𝛼 ,𝛼
𝑑𝛼 𝑑𝛼 𝑑𝛼
Put in place of Put in place of
𝑥 , Upper Limit 𝑥 , lower Limit
𝜋/2𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥
1. Show that 𝑓 𝑎 = ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is independent of 𝑎.
Solution: Let
𝜋/2𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥
𝑓 𝑎 = ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to 𝑎 using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of 𝑎,
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎
𝜕 sin 𝑎𝑥 sin 𝑎 𝑑 sin 𝑎 𝑑
=න 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑎 2𝑎 − 6𝑎 6𝑎
𝑑𝑎 𝜕𝑎 𝑥 𝜋 𝑑𝑎 𝜋 𝑑𝑎
𝜋/6𝑎
2𝑎 6𝑎
𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑥 sin 2 (−𝜋) sin 𝑎 6𝑎 (−𝜋)
= ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜋 − 𝜋
𝑑𝑎 𝑥 2𝑎2 6𝑎2
2𝑎 6𝑎
𝑑𝑓 𝜋/2𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= ‫𝜋׬‬/6𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝜋
𝑑𝑓 sin 𝑎𝑥 2𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= 𝜋 − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6
6𝑎

𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑓 sin 𝑎 2𝑎 sin 𝑎 6𝑎 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= − − sin + sin
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝑑𝑓 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 1 𝜋
= sin − sin − sin + sin =0
𝑑𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎 6 𝑎 2 𝑎 6

𝑑𝑓
As = 0 ⇒ 𝑓 𝑎 is independent of 𝑎.
𝑑𝑎
𝑥 2𝐺 𝑑3 𝑓
2. If 𝑓 𝑥 = ‫𝑎׬‬ 𝑥−𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 then show that − 2𝐺 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 3
Solution: Let
𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = ‫𝑎׬‬ 𝑥 − 𝑡 2 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to x using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of x
𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝜕 2𝐺 2𝐺
𝑑𝑥
=න 𝑥−𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑓 𝑥
= ‫ 𝑎׬‬2 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (2)
𝑑𝑥

Apply DUIS Rule-2 again


𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓 𝜕
2
=න 2 𝑥−𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫𝑥𝜕 𝑎׬‬ 2 𝑥−𝑡 𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝐺 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝑑2 𝑓
2
= න 2𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎

Apply DUIS Rule-2 again

𝑑3 𝑓 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫𝑥𝜕 𝑎׬‬ 2𝐺 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝐺 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

Hence

𝑑3 𝑓
− 2𝐺 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
3. If 𝑦 = ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 then show that + 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution: Let
𝑥
𝑦= ‫׬‬0 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (1)
Differentiate w. r. to x using DUIS rule-2 as limits are function of x
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
=න 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 0 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= ‫׬‬0 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (2)
𝑑𝑥
Apply DUIS Rule-2 again
𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝜕
2
=න 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎 𝜕𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑥 𝜕 𝑑𝑥
= ‫׬‬0 𝜕𝑥 𝑎𝑓 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑎𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑥 −0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 2 𝑓 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
= − න 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2 0

𝑑2 𝑦 2 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
= −𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2

Hence proved

𝑑2 𝑦
+ 𝑎2 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2

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